青环海蛇属海蛇科,在我国南海与东海很常见。它的毒液有很强的毒性,其中含有神经毒素及多种蛋白质(Liuet al.,1973,1974;苏拔贤,曾家荣等,1984)。已知蝰蛇科与眼镜蛇科蛇毒中含有蛋白酶抑制剂(Sadaaki Iwanaga et al.,1975与Yasuji Hoka...青环海蛇属海蛇科,在我国南海与东海很常见。它的毒液有很强的毒性,其中含有神经毒素及多种蛋白质(Liuet al.,1973,1974;苏拔贤,曾家荣等,1984)。已知蝰蛇科与眼镜蛇科蛇毒中含有蛋白酶抑制剂(Sadaaki Iwanaga et al.,1975与Yasuji Hokama et al,1976)。但尚未见关于海蛇科蛇毒中有胰蛋白酶抑制剂的实验报道。我们的工作中,初步发现海蛇科的青环海蛇蛇毒及其组份表现胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性。展开更多
Traditional trade routes that penetrate the natural barrier of the Himalayas are critical for connecting major Chinese and South Asian markets.Research on these trade routes can contribute significantly to facilitatin...Traditional trade routes that penetrate the natural barrier of the Himalayas are critical for connecting major Chinese and South Asian markets.Research on these trade routes can contribute significantly to facilitating the construction of the South Asian Corridor and enhancing trans-Himalayan connectivity.Combining historical literature,field surveys,and geographic information system(GIS)techniques,this study examined the spatial distribution characteristics and evolution process of the routes,focusing on transverse valleys of the Himalayan arc.The key findings were as follows.First,there are 21 traditional trade routes traversing the Himalayan region:six Sino-Nepalese routes,four Sino-Bhutanese routes,and eleven Sino-Indian routes.Second,the evolution of traditional trade routes has entailed five distinct phases:an incipient period(pre-7th century),formation(7th century-842 AD),development(842-1959),decline(1959-1962)and recovery(1962-present).Third,the incipient and formative developmental phases were prompted by the spread of Buddhism and the exchange of goods.The stability of local governments in Tibet and Central China and favourable border trade policies along with Britain’s colonial expansion and commercial interests stimulated further development of traditional trade routes.However,India’s strategic miscalculation and“Forward Policy”instigated the decline phase,while the demands of regional cooperation and development are currently the key drivers of the restoration and construction phase.Finally,to shelve disputes,promote cooperation and development,and enhance political mutual trust,governments should recover and construct traditional trade routes by replanning and constructing border trade markets,expanding border trade,developing pilgrimage and tourism,and strengthening cross-border cooperative resear h under global climate change.展开更多
文摘青环海蛇属海蛇科,在我国南海与东海很常见。它的毒液有很强的毒性,其中含有神经毒素及多种蛋白质(Liuet al.,1973,1974;苏拔贤,曾家荣等,1984)。已知蝰蛇科与眼镜蛇科蛇毒中含有蛋白酶抑制剂(Sadaaki Iwanaga et al.,1975与Yasuji Hokama et al,1976)。但尚未见关于海蛇科蛇毒中有胰蛋白酶抑制剂的实验报道。我们的工作中,初步发现海蛇科的青环海蛇蛇毒及其组份表现胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性。
基金The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program,No.2019QZKK0603Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDA20040201National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41761144081。
文摘Traditional trade routes that penetrate the natural barrier of the Himalayas are critical for connecting major Chinese and South Asian markets.Research on these trade routes can contribute significantly to facilitating the construction of the South Asian Corridor and enhancing trans-Himalayan connectivity.Combining historical literature,field surveys,and geographic information system(GIS)techniques,this study examined the spatial distribution characteristics and evolution process of the routes,focusing on transverse valleys of the Himalayan arc.The key findings were as follows.First,there are 21 traditional trade routes traversing the Himalayan region:six Sino-Nepalese routes,four Sino-Bhutanese routes,and eleven Sino-Indian routes.Second,the evolution of traditional trade routes has entailed five distinct phases:an incipient period(pre-7th century),formation(7th century-842 AD),development(842-1959),decline(1959-1962)and recovery(1962-present).Third,the incipient and formative developmental phases were prompted by the spread of Buddhism and the exchange of goods.The stability of local governments in Tibet and Central China and favourable border trade policies along with Britain’s colonial expansion and commercial interests stimulated further development of traditional trade routes.However,India’s strategic miscalculation and“Forward Policy”instigated the decline phase,while the demands of regional cooperation and development are currently the key drivers of the restoration and construction phase.Finally,to shelve disputes,promote cooperation and development,and enhance political mutual trust,governments should recover and construct traditional trade routes by replanning and constructing border trade markets,expanding border trade,developing pilgrimage and tourism,and strengthening cross-border cooperative resear h under global climate change.
