Glucocorticoids(GCs) are a group of endocrine-disrupting compounds(EDCs) frequently prescribed against various medical conditions.Recently,GCs have been shown to be effective in managing septic shock in patients infec...Glucocorticoids(GCs) are a group of endocrine-disrupting compounds(EDCs) frequently prescribed against various medical conditions.Recently,GCs have been shown to be effective in managing septic shock in patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus(COVID-19).Due to colossal consumption and potential risks to aquatic organisms,GCs have immensely attracted the focus of the scientific research community as a water pollutant.Therefore,the aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge on the occurrence of various GCs in the aquatic environment and their removal during wastewater treatment.A variety of GCs are ubiquitous in surface water,hospital wastewater,and sewage water worldwide.And the minimum concentration in volume is below 0.01 ng/L,and the maximum one is 10 000 ng/L,and enter the environment through hospital and urban wastewater discharging.Compared with natural GCs,higher risks to aquatic environments could be induced by synthetic GCs.The current activated sludge processes used in wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) are not fully effective in eliminating GCs,some of which may further increase the risk of GC in the environment.In comparison with the aerobic process in WWTPs,the anaerobic and anoxic processes were found to be more efficient for GC degradation.Of the studied GCs,fluticasone propionate,clobetasol propionate,fluocinolone acetonide,and triamcinolone acetonide need more attention due to their low removal efficiencies and strong toxicity.Among the advanced treatment processes,reverse osmosis,ultraviolet irradiation,CaO_(2),and plasma could achieve significant GC activity removal while micro/ultra-filtration,chlorination,and ozonation were less efficient.展开更多
为探索影响工夫红茶茶汤亮度的关键成分,以专家人工感官评审为依据,根据亮度对26个工夫红茶茶汤进行分组(高亮、中亮、暗),随后对茶汤中24个组分进行定量分析,并通过统计分析手段筛选出与茶汤亮度显著相关的小分子化合物。然后对不同分...为探索影响工夫红茶茶汤亮度的关键成分,以专家人工感官评审为依据,根据亮度对26个工夫红茶茶汤进行分组(高亮、中亮、暗),随后对茶汤中24个组分进行定量分析,并通过统计分析手段筛选出与茶汤亮度显著相关的小分子化合物。然后对不同分子质量范围的茶汤馏分进行超滤分离,初步确定影响茶汤亮度的大分子馏分,并通过复原与添加实验进一步加以验证。结果表明:通过多变量分析和单因素方差分析,筛选出茶黄素-3-没食子酸酯、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、咖啡碱在高亮茶汤中显著增高,没食子儿茶素在高亮茶汤中显著降低。对不同截留分子质量(molecular mass cut-off,MMCO)茶汤馏分的超滤分离和添加验证实验,发现MMCO高于100 kDa的茶汤大分子馏分不利于高亮茶汤的形成。本研究发掘了影响工夫红茶茶汤亮度的关键成分,对后续高亮工夫红茶的品质调控和定向加工具有重要的理论指导意义。展开更多
In this report, an introduction to the structure of Shanghai EBIT, a brief description of the status ofShanghai EBIT project, and a short discussion of the first results of Shanghai EBIT are presented.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52270062)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,China (No. 22ZR1402800)+1 种基金Shanghai Rising-Star Program,China (No. 23QC1400800)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,China (No. JSGG20220606141402005)。
文摘Glucocorticoids(GCs) are a group of endocrine-disrupting compounds(EDCs) frequently prescribed against various medical conditions.Recently,GCs have been shown to be effective in managing septic shock in patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus(COVID-19).Due to colossal consumption and potential risks to aquatic organisms,GCs have immensely attracted the focus of the scientific research community as a water pollutant.Therefore,the aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge on the occurrence of various GCs in the aquatic environment and their removal during wastewater treatment.A variety of GCs are ubiquitous in surface water,hospital wastewater,and sewage water worldwide.And the minimum concentration in volume is below 0.01 ng/L,and the maximum one is 10 000 ng/L,and enter the environment through hospital and urban wastewater discharging.Compared with natural GCs,higher risks to aquatic environments could be induced by synthetic GCs.The current activated sludge processes used in wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) are not fully effective in eliminating GCs,some of which may further increase the risk of GC in the environment.In comparison with the aerobic process in WWTPs,the anaerobic and anoxic processes were found to be more efficient for GC degradation.Of the studied GCs,fluticasone propionate,clobetasol propionate,fluocinolone acetonide,and triamcinolone acetonide need more attention due to their low removal efficiencies and strong toxicity.Among the advanced treatment processes,reverse osmosis,ultraviolet irradiation,CaO_(2),and plasma could achieve significant GC activity removal while micro/ultra-filtration,chlorination,and ozonation were less efficient.
文摘为探索影响工夫红茶茶汤亮度的关键成分,以专家人工感官评审为依据,根据亮度对26个工夫红茶茶汤进行分组(高亮、中亮、暗),随后对茶汤中24个组分进行定量分析,并通过统计分析手段筛选出与茶汤亮度显著相关的小分子化合物。然后对不同分子质量范围的茶汤馏分进行超滤分离,初步确定影响茶汤亮度的大分子馏分,并通过复原与添加实验进一步加以验证。结果表明:通过多变量分析和单因素方差分析,筛选出茶黄素-3-没食子酸酯、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、咖啡碱在高亮茶汤中显著增高,没食子儿茶素在高亮茶汤中显著降低。对不同截留分子质量(molecular mass cut-off,MMCO)茶汤馏分的超滤分离和添加验证实验,发现MMCO高于100 kDa的茶汤大分子馏分不利于高亮茶汤的形成。本研究发掘了影响工夫红茶茶汤亮度的关键成分,对后续高亮工夫红茶的品质调控和定向加工具有重要的理论指导意义。
文摘In this report, an introduction to the structure of Shanghai EBIT, a brief description of the status ofShanghai EBIT project, and a short discussion of the first results of Shanghai EBIT are presented.
