卷扬启闭机应急系统的接入及工作方式

本文以棉花滩水电站卷扬启闭机无电远程应急操作系统的应用为基础,进行了应急操作系统的自动接入、应急启闭闸门、安全退出等工作模式的测试及验证。应急操作系统采用电磁失电离合器作为与启闭机传动轴的结合、断开部件,可以实现在现场供电正常,应急操作器备用;现场失电或启闭机异常,应急操作系统自动接入的工作方式。所选电磁离合器可保证启闭机操作时有足够扭矩传递,吸合及断开动作迅速,可在1 s内自动完成切换操作。同时为电磁离合器增加吸合及断开位置行程开关,将应急系统接入信号与启闭机操作互锁保护。此种应急操作方式及接入、退出机制,提高了水电站闸门启闭机应急运行安全,为应急措施提供了借鉴参考。

丽香铁路岩溶发育特征及对隧道工程的影响分析

滇西北地区位于青藏高原面的边缘及河谷斜坡地带,由于地壳的大面积隆升、断裂作用和强烈的流水侵蚀、溶蚀,形成独具特色的高原岩溶。以丽香铁路为依托,在岩溶水文地质调查的基础上,论述岩溶地貌类型、岩溶及岩溶水的发育规律,分析岩溶对隧道工程影响,为隧道工程的设计、施工提供科学依据,研究结论对高原岩溶区的工程建设具有指导意义。

花岗岩断裂带原状裂隙岩水力特性试验研究

渗透系数作为含水介质渗流测评关键指标,其变异性造成裂隙岩体地下水流动及溶质运移不确定性,影响硬岩处置库高放废物迁移、扩散等关键问题评估。针对我国高放废物处置库甘肃北山预选区旧井块段花岗岩体,以中尺度控水断裂构造为研究对象,采用非标试件渗透装置捕捉原状裂隙岩显式渗流外参分析导水性差异;染色剖分裂隙岩提取隐式过流内参重构过流网络以识别优势渗径。研究结果表明:十月井断裂损伤带内存3组裂隙,其中Ⅰ组裂隙占优的原状岩渗透系数普遍高于10^(-4) cm/s量级,导水能力最强;Ⅱ组裂隙占优的原状岩渗透系数介于10^(-5)～10^(-4) cm/s量级,导水能力居中;Ⅲ组裂隙占优的原状岩渗透系数普遍低于10^(-5) cm/s量级且多介于10^(-6)～10^(-7) cm/s之间,导水能力最弱。P-Q曲线显示此类大尺寸不规则裂隙岩水流状态多表现层流型、充填型及冲蚀型特征,其中岩样4、6、10～12呈层流型特征;岩样2、7呈充填型特征;岩样1、5、8、9、13、14则呈冲蚀型特征,冲蚀、充填、层流型曲线特征岩样其导水性能逐步递增。

大巴山地区寒武系纽芬兰统黑色页岩风化剖面矿物、元素及Sr同位素特征:对风化地球化学过程的启示

对大巴山地区寒武系纽芬兰统水井沱组黑色页岩风化剖面进行系统性采样,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜-X射线能谱(SEM-EDS)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)等手段,分析风化剖面的矿物组成,主、微量元素含量及Sr同位素组成特征,旨在揭示黑色页岩关键带的地球化学风化过程。黑色页岩风化剖面处于初始—中等风化阶段(CIA值为54.45~75.50)为典型的大陆风化趋势。随着风化程度的加深,风化剖面的岩石孔隙增多、增大,87Sr/86Sr值逐渐增大。研究结果表明,在黑色页岩风化过程中,黄铁矿经过氧化作用形成铁(氢)氧化物,且强烈亏损S、Mn、Cd、Co、Ni、Zn、As等元素;斜长石和白云母经蚀变分解生成伊利石,并伴随着Na、Ca、K、Mg、Li、Sr和Ba等元素的淋失。Si、Al、Fe、P、Zr、Hf、Ta、Th和Rb等元素倾向于保留在风化剖面中,微裂隙带中Si、Mg、Na和K的亏损主要受到差异性风化的影响,而断裂带中Si、Mg、Na、K、P和Fe的异常受到差异性风化和元素再沉积的共同控制。S、Ba和Cu元素在土-岩界面、微裂隙带、强-弱风化层过渡带和断裂带中发生了明显的富集,这与重晶石和铜矾类矿物的沉淀有关;断裂带中其它微量元素的富集则受到铁锰(氢)氧化物和高岭石吸附作用的控制。

Swelling characteristics of soils derived from black shales heightened by cations in Northern Chongqing,China

Black shale is widely distributed in southern and western China.The swelling and breakdown characteristics of black shale are important physicomechanical properties in engineering activities.Aqueous solutions with different compositions exert various influences on the swelling characteristic of black shale because of the complexity of its composition.Soils derived from black shale are most commonly developed on black shales with bedded horizons that generally have cutting and weathering profiles.This paper reports an axial free swelling study for soils derived from black shales and developed in the Lower Cambrian black shales in Chengkou County,Chongqing Municipality,Southwest China.To discuss the swelling characteristics of black shale under the influence of cations,an axial free swelling test was conducted on black shale samples while considering the initial water content,weathering stage of black shale,and different cationic solutions with various concentrations.Results showed that the swelling deformation curve of black shale could be divided into three phases:acceleration,deceleration,and stability.The axial swelling ratio eventually decreased with increasing water content,and the axial free swelling rate changed with the free expansion model of the exponential relationship.Under a constant initial water content,the axial swelling rate increased with the intensity of black shale weathering in the same immersion solution.When different types of immersion solutions were used,the cationic price was high and the axial swelling rate increased with rising cation valence.The changes in the swelling ratio were significant at a valence of one or two.The results of this study provide further understanding of the engineering geological characteristics of black shale and the geological hazards caused by the swelling characteristics of black shale.

复杂岩质边坡随机节理模拟及离散元稳定性分析

通过蒙特卡洛法建立随机节理边坡模型,运用赤平投影法和离散元数值模拟分析汶川县某拟建铁路隧道进口边坡稳定性。研究结果表明,该斜坡岩体有沿坡向向临空面滑移的趋势,自然工况下斜坡处于受压状态保持相对稳定,地震工况下,坡面拉应力明显,坡体后缘拉裂,并沿近水平向节理裂隙滑移。通过对边坡的破坏模式综合分析,边坡破坏模式为滑移-拉裂破坏。