电子回旋共振离子推力器(electron cyclotron resonance ion thruster,ECRIT)离子源内等离子体分布会影响束流引出,而磁场结构决定的ECR区与天线的相对位置共同影响了等离子体分布.在鞘层作用下,等离子体中的离子或电子被加速对壁面产...电子回旋共振离子推力器(electron cyclotron resonance ion thruster,ECRIT)离子源内等离子体分布会影响束流引出,而磁场结构决定的ECR区与天线的相对位置共同影响了等离子体分布.在鞘层作用下,等离子体中的离子或电子被加速对壁面产生溅射,形成壁面离子或电子电流,造成壁面磨损和等离子体损失,因此研究壁面电流与等离子体特征十分重要.为此本文建立2 cm ECRIT的粒子PIC/MCC(particle-in-cell with Monte Carlo collision)仿真模型,数值模拟研究磁场结构对离子源内等离子体与壁面电流特性的影响.计算表明,当ECR区位于天线上游时,等离子体集中在天线上游和内外磁环间,栅极前离子密度最低,故离子源引出束流、磁环端面电流和天线壁面电流较低.ECR区位于天线下游时,天线和栅极上游附近的等离子体密度较高,故离子源引出束流、天线壁面电流和磁环端面电流较高.腔体壁面等离子体分布与电流受磁场影响最小.展开更多
为了研究华山松球蚜(Pineus armandicola)的生物学特性以及预测预报规律,本研究采用室内饲养与林间观察相结合的办法,记录了华山松球蚜形态特征、生活史及种群变化特征,比较了20℃、25℃、30℃和35℃4个不同温度下各虫态的发育历期。结...为了研究华山松球蚜(Pineus armandicola)的生物学特性以及预测预报规律,本研究采用室内饲养与林间观察相结合的办法,记录了华山松球蚜形态特征、生活史及种群变化特征,比较了20℃、25℃、30℃和35℃4个不同温度下各虫态的发育历期。结果表明:华山松球蚜在大箐梁子1年11代,春夏季平均30 d 1代,秋冬季35 d 1代,世代重叠。在35℃处理下,各虫态的发育历期显著低于其他3个温度(P<0.05);而夏季(6—8月),卵、若虫和无翅成蚜3个虫态的数量显著高于其他3个季节(P<0.05)。华山松球蚜产卵期与毛叶蔷薇(Rosa mairei)、桤木(Alnus cremastogyne)、荞麦(Fagopyrum esculentum)物候之间关系密切。展开更多
Ni-25Al-15Cr (atomic percent, %) alloy was directionally solidified (DS) under argon atmosphere in an Al2O3-SiO2 ceramic mold by standard Bridgman method. The microstructure of the as-fabricated alloy was studied ...Ni-25Al-15Cr (atomic percent, %) alloy was directionally solidified (DS) under argon atmosphere in an Al2O3-SiO2 ceramic mold by standard Bridgman method. The microstructure of the as-fabricated alloy was studied using optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer, and scanning electron microscope. The alloy consisting of dendritic β- NiAl phase, interdendritic γ/γ′ phase, and transient layer γ′ phase, has been investigated. This alloy exhibits superplastic deformation behavior at 1 273-1 373 K over an initial strain rate range of 8. 35×10 ^-4 -1. 67×10^-2s^-1. The maximum elongation of 280% with strain rate sensitivity index m= 0. 22 was obtained at the temperature of 1 323 K and an initial strain rate of 8. 35×10^-3s^-1. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations indicate that the superplastic deformation stems from the balance between high resistance (by dislocation sliding) and strain softening (by dynamic recovery and recrystallization).展开更多
文摘电子回旋共振离子推力器(electron cyclotron resonance ion thruster,ECRIT)离子源内等离子体分布会影响束流引出,而磁场结构决定的ECR区与天线的相对位置共同影响了等离子体分布.在鞘层作用下,等离子体中的离子或电子被加速对壁面产生溅射,形成壁面离子或电子电流,造成壁面磨损和等离子体损失,因此研究壁面电流与等离子体特征十分重要.为此本文建立2 cm ECRIT的粒子PIC/MCC(particle-in-cell with Monte Carlo collision)仿真模型,数值模拟研究磁场结构对离子源内等离子体与壁面电流特性的影响.计算表明,当ECR区位于天线上游时,等离子体集中在天线上游和内外磁环间,栅极前离子密度最低,故离子源引出束流、磁环端面电流和天线壁面电流较低.ECR区位于天线下游时,天线和栅极上游附近的等离子体密度较高,故离子源引出束流、天线壁面电流和磁环端面电流较高.腔体壁面等离子体分布与电流受磁场影响最小.
文摘为了研究华山松球蚜(Pineus armandicola)的生物学特性以及预测预报规律,本研究采用室内饲养与林间观察相结合的办法,记录了华山松球蚜形态特征、生活史及种群变化特征,比较了20℃、25℃、30℃和35℃4个不同温度下各虫态的发育历期。结果表明:华山松球蚜在大箐梁子1年11代,春夏季平均30 d 1代,秋冬季35 d 1代,世代重叠。在35℃处理下,各虫态的发育历期显著低于其他3个温度(P<0.05);而夏季(6—8月),卵、若虫和无翅成蚜3个虫态的数量显著高于其他3个季节(P<0.05)。华山松球蚜产卵期与毛叶蔷薇(Rosa mairei)、桤木(Alnus cremastogyne)、荞麦(Fagopyrum esculentum)物候之间关系密切。
文摘Ni-25Al-15Cr (atomic percent, %) alloy was directionally solidified (DS) under argon atmosphere in an Al2O3-SiO2 ceramic mold by standard Bridgman method. The microstructure of the as-fabricated alloy was studied using optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer, and scanning electron microscope. The alloy consisting of dendritic β- NiAl phase, interdendritic γ/γ′ phase, and transient layer γ′ phase, has been investigated. This alloy exhibits superplastic deformation behavior at 1 273-1 373 K over an initial strain rate range of 8. 35×10 ^-4 -1. 67×10^-2s^-1. The maximum elongation of 280% with strain rate sensitivity index m= 0. 22 was obtained at the temperature of 1 323 K and an initial strain rate of 8. 35×10^-3s^-1. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations indicate that the superplastic deformation stems from the balance between high resistance (by dislocation sliding) and strain softening (by dynamic recovery and recrystallization).