Grain number per spike （GNPS） is a major factor in wheat yield breeding. A new wheat germplasm Pubing 3504 shows superior features in spike traits. To elucidate the genetic basis of spike and yield related traits in...Grain number per spike （GNPS） is a major factor in wheat yield breeding. A new wheat germplasm Pubing 3504 shows superior features in spike traits. To elucidate the genetic basis of spike and yield related traits in Pubing 3504, 282 F2：3 families were generated from the cross Pubing 3504xJing 4839, and seven spike and yield related traits, including GNPS, spike length （SL）, kernel number per spikelet （KPS）, spikelet number per spike （SNS）, thousand-grain weight （TGW）, spike number per plant （SNP）, and plant height （HT） were investigated. Correlation analysis indicated significant positive correlations between GNPS and spike-related traits, including KPS, SNS, and SL, especially KPS. A genetic map was constructed using 190 polymorphic simple sequence repeat （SSR）, expressed sequence tag （EST）-SSR, and sequence- tagged-site （STS） markers. For the seven traits measured, a total of 37 quantitative trait loci （QTLs） in a single-environment analysis and 25 QTLs in a joint-environment analysis were detected. Additive effects of 70.3% （in a single environment） and 57.6% （in a joint environment） of the QTLs were positively contributed by Pubing 3504 alleles. Five important genomic regions on chromosomes 1A, 4A, 4B, 2D, and 4D could be stably detected in different environments. Among these regions, the marker interval Xmag834-Xbarc83 on the short arm of chromosome 1A was a novel important genomic region that included QTLs controlling GNPS, KPS, SNS, TGW, and SNP with stable environmental repeatability. This genomic region can improve the spike trait and may play a key role in improving wheat yield in the future. We deduced that this genomic region was vital to the high GNPS of Pubing 3504.展开更多
Waxy maize is one of the main fresh-eating maize types,and a mutation of the waxy gene causes the waxy character of maize grains.China is rich in waxy maize landraces,and Yunnan and its surrounding areas,are the place...Waxy maize is one of the main fresh-eating maize types,and a mutation of the waxy gene causes the waxy character of maize grains.China is rich in waxy maize landraces,and Yunnan and its surrounding areas,are the place of origin and genetic diversity center of Chinese waxy maize.The six known waxy alleles of Chinese waxy maize are wx-D7,wx-D10,wx-Cin4,wx-124,wx-Reina,and wx-Xuanwei.The mutation sites of these alleles all occur in the coding region of the waxy gene,however,the mechanism by which the waxy characteristic is caused by the mutation in the regulatory region has only been reported rarely in maize.In this study,405 waxy maize landraces from Yunnan were used as materials to identify the insertion and deletion of a large sequence fragment in the upstream~3.5 kb regulatory region of the waxy gene by molecular marker detection.Three different waxy alleles were identifed in this study:wx-PIF/Harbinger,wx-hAT and wxElote2.These three types of mutations all represented transposons inserted into the regulatory region of the waxy gene.Wx-PIF/Harbinger was a 304-bp MITE class transposon insertion belonging to the PIF/Harbinger family,while wx-hAT was a 560-bp MITE class transposon insertion belonging to the hAT family,and wx-Elote2 was a 6560-bp LTR-like transposon insertion.In this study,the alleles were identifed for more than 70%of the waxy maize landraces in Yunnan,which provids a basis for the utilization of these waxy maize landraces.展开更多
The wheat grain number per spike （GNPS） is a major yield-limiting factor in wheat-breeding programs. Germplasms with a high GNPS are therefore valuable for increasing wheat yield potential. To investigate the molecu...The wheat grain number per spike （GNPS） is a major yield-limiting factor in wheat-breeding programs. Germplasms with a high GNPS are therefore valuable for increasing wheat yield potential. To investigate the molecular characteristics of young spike development in large-spike wheat germplasms with high GNPS, we performed gene and protein expression profiling analysis with three high-GNPS wheat lines （Pubing 3228, Pubing 3504 and 4844-12） and one Iow-GNPS control variety （Fukuho）. The phenotypic data for the spikes in two growth seasons showed that the GNPS of the three large-spike wheat lines were significantly higher than that of the Fukuho control line. The Affymetrix wheat chip and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation-tandam mass spectrometry （iTRAQ-MS/MS） technology were employed for gene and protein expression profiling analyses of young spike development, respectively, at the floret primordia differentiation stage. A total of 598 differentially expressed transcripts （270 up-regulated and 328 down-regulated） and 280 proteins （122 up- regulated and 158 down-regulated） were identified in the three high-GNPS lines compared with the control line. We found that the expression of some floral development-related genes, including Wknoxlb, the AP2 domain protein kinase and the transcription factor HUA2, were up-regulated in the high-GNPS lines. The expression of the SHEPHERD （SHD） gene was up-regulated at both the transcript and protein levels. Overall, these results suggest that multiple regulatory pathways, including the CLAVATA pathway and the meristem-maintaining KNOX protein pathway, take part in the development of the high-GNPS phenotype in our wheat germplasms.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2011CB100104)the National High-Tech R&D Program of China(2011AA100101)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31071416)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciencesthe National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period(2013BAD01B02)
文摘Grain number per spike （GNPS） is a major factor in wheat yield breeding. A new wheat germplasm Pubing 3504 shows superior features in spike traits. To elucidate the genetic basis of spike and yield related traits in Pubing 3504, 282 F2：3 families were generated from the cross Pubing 3504xJing 4839, and seven spike and yield related traits, including GNPS, spike length （SL）, kernel number per spikelet （KPS）, spikelet number per spike （SNS）, thousand-grain weight （TGW）, spike number per plant （SNP）, and plant height （HT） were investigated. Correlation analysis indicated significant positive correlations between GNPS and spike-related traits, including KPS, SNS, and SL, especially KPS. A genetic map was constructed using 190 polymorphic simple sequence repeat （SSR）, expressed sequence tag （EST）-SSR, and sequence- tagged-site （STS） markers. For the seven traits measured, a total of 37 quantitative trait loci （QTLs） in a single-environment analysis and 25 QTLs in a joint-environment analysis were detected. Additive effects of 70.3% （in a single environment） and 57.6% （in a joint environment） of the QTLs were positively contributed by Pubing 3504 alleles. Five important genomic regions on chromosomes 1A, 4A, 4B, 2D, and 4D could be stably detected in different environments. Among these regions, the marker interval Xmag834-Xbarc83 on the short arm of chromosome 1A was a novel important genomic region that included QTLs controlling GNPS, KPS, SNS, TGW, and SNP with stable environmental repeatability. This genomic region can improve the spike trait and may play a key role in improving wheat yield in the future. We deduced that this genomic region was vital to the high GNPS of Pubing 3504.
基金supported by the National Crop Sharing and Service Platform-Yunnan sub Platform,China(NICGR2018-030)the Post-doctoral Targeted Funding of Yunnan Province,China(YRST 2018[168])。
文摘Waxy maize is one of the main fresh-eating maize types,and a mutation of the waxy gene causes the waxy character of maize grains.China is rich in waxy maize landraces,and Yunnan and its surrounding areas,are the place of origin and genetic diversity center of Chinese waxy maize.The six known waxy alleles of Chinese waxy maize are wx-D7,wx-D10,wx-Cin4,wx-124,wx-Reina,and wx-Xuanwei.The mutation sites of these alleles all occur in the coding region of the waxy gene,however,the mechanism by which the waxy characteristic is caused by the mutation in the regulatory region has only been reported rarely in maize.In this study,405 waxy maize landraces from Yunnan were used as materials to identify the insertion and deletion of a large sequence fragment in the upstream~3.5 kb regulatory region of the waxy gene by molecular marker detection.Three different waxy alleles were identifed in this study:wx-PIF/Harbinger,wx-hAT and wxElote2.These three types of mutations all represented transposons inserted into the regulatory region of the waxy gene.Wx-PIF/Harbinger was a 304-bp MITE class transposon insertion belonging to the PIF/Harbinger family,while wx-hAT was a 560-bp MITE class transposon insertion belonging to the hAT family,and wx-Elote2 was a 6560-bp LTR-like transposon insertion.In this study,the alleles were identifed for more than 70%of the waxy maize landraces in Yunnan,which provids a basis for the utilization of these waxy maize landraces.
基金supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2011CB100104)the National High-Tech R&D Program of China(2011AA100101)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31071416)the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th FiveYear Plan period(2013BAD01B02)
文摘The wheat grain number per spike （GNPS） is a major yield-limiting factor in wheat-breeding programs. Germplasms with a high GNPS are therefore valuable for increasing wheat yield potential. To investigate the molecular characteristics of young spike development in large-spike wheat germplasms with high GNPS, we performed gene and protein expression profiling analysis with three high-GNPS wheat lines （Pubing 3228, Pubing 3504 and 4844-12） and one Iow-GNPS control variety （Fukuho）. The phenotypic data for the spikes in two growth seasons showed that the GNPS of the three large-spike wheat lines were significantly higher than that of the Fukuho control line. The Affymetrix wheat chip and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation-tandam mass spectrometry （iTRAQ-MS/MS） technology were employed for gene and protein expression profiling analyses of young spike development, respectively, at the floret primordia differentiation stage. A total of 598 differentially expressed transcripts （270 up-regulated and 328 down-regulated） and 280 proteins （122 up- regulated and 158 down-regulated） were identified in the three high-GNPS lines compared with the control line. We found that the expression of some floral development-related genes, including Wknoxlb, the AP2 domain protein kinase and the transcription factor HUA2, were up-regulated in the high-GNPS lines. The expression of the SHEPHERD （SHD） gene was up-regulated at both the transcript and protein levels. Overall, these results suggest that multiple regulatory pathways, including the CLAVATA pathway and the meristem-maintaining KNOX protein pathway, take part in the development of the high-GNPS phenotype in our wheat germplasms.
