Climate change is recognized to increase the frequency and severity of extreme temperature events. At flowering and grain filling stages, risk of high temperature stress （HTS） on rice might increase, and lead to dec...Climate change is recognized to increase the frequency and severity of extreme temperature events. At flowering and grain filling stages, risk of high temperature stress （HTS） on rice might increase, and lead to declining grain yields. A regulated cabinet experiment was carried out to investigate effects of high temperature stress on rice growth at flowering and grain- filling stages. Results showed that no obvious decrease pattern in net photosynthesis appeared along with the temperature rising, but the dry matter allocation in leaf, leaf sheath, culm, and panicle all changed. Dry weight of panicle decreased, and ratio of straw to total above ground crop dry weight increased 6-34% from CK, which might have great effects on carbon cycling and green house gas emission. Grain yield decreased significantly across all treatments on average from 15 to 73%. Occurrence of HTS at flowering stage showed more serious influence on grain yield than at grain filling stage. High temperature stress showed negative effects on harvest index. It might be helpful to provide valuable information for crop simulation models to capture the effects of high temperature stress on rice, and evaluate the high temperature risk.展开更多
In this paper, the authors present some new results on complete moment convergence for arrays of rowwise negatively associated random variables. These results improve some previous known theorems.
In this article, the author establishes the strong laws for linear statistics that are weighted sums of a m-negatively associated(m-NA) random sample. The obtained results extend and improve the result of Qiu and Yang...In this article, the author establishes the strong laws for linear statistics that are weighted sums of a m-negatively associated(m-NA) random sample. The obtained results extend and improve the result of Qiu and Yang in [1] to m-NA random variables.展开更多
The irrigation method used in winter wheat fields affects micro-environment factors, such as relative humidity（RH） within canopy, soil temperature, topsoil bulk density, soil matric potential, and soil nutrients, an...The irrigation method used in winter wheat fields affects micro-environment factors, such as relative humidity（RH） within canopy, soil temperature, topsoil bulk density, soil matric potential, and soil nutrients, and these changes may affect plant root growth.An experiment was carried out to explore the effects of irrigation method on micro-environments and root distribution in a winter wheat field in the 2007–2008 and 2008–2009 growing seasons.The results showed that border irrigation（BI）, sprinkler irrigation（SI）, and surface drip irrigation（SDI） had no significant effects on soil temperature.Topsoil bulk density, RH within the canopy, soil available N distribution, and soil matric potential were significantly affected by the three treatments.The change in soil matric potential was the key reason for the altered root profile distribution patterns.Additionally, more fine roots were produced in the BI treatment when soil water content was low and topsoil bulk density was high.Root growth was most stimulated in the top soil layers and inhibited in the deep layers in the SDI treatment, followed by SI and BI, which was due to the different water application frequencies.As a result, the root profile distribution differed, depending on the irrigation method used.The root distribution pattern changes could be described by the power level variation in the exponential function.A good knowledge of root distribution patterns is important when attempting to model water and nutrient movements and when studying soil-plant interactions.展开更多
试验旨在研究日粮中添加中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(MCT)和复合益生菌对产蛋后期绍兴麻鸭的生产性能、肠道菌群数量和肠道健康的影响。选取约52周龄,体重、产蛋率相近的产蛋后期绍兴麻鸭900只,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复60只。A组(对照...试验旨在研究日粮中添加中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(MCT)和复合益生菌对产蛋后期绍兴麻鸭的生产性能、肠道菌群数量和肠道健康的影响。选取约52周龄,体重、产蛋率相近的产蛋后期绍兴麻鸭900只,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复60只。A组(对照组)鸭饲喂基础日粮,B组鸭饲喂添加900 g MCT+100 g复合益生菌的基础日粮,C组鸭饲喂添加1 800 g MCT+200 g复合益生菌的基础日粮。预试期3 d,正式试验期60 d。结果显示:与A组相比,B组、C组鸭的产蛋率均极显著升高(P<0.01),料蛋比极显著降低(P<0.01)。B组鸭的产蛋率均极显著高于C组(P<0.01),料蛋比极显著低于C组(P<0.01)。与A组相比,B组、C组鸭十二指肠、空肠内容物中沙门菌数量均极显著降低(P<0.01),C组盲肠内容物中沙门菌数量极显著降低(P<0.01)。C组十二指肠内容物中沙门菌数量极显著低于B组(P<0.01),空肠内容物中沙门菌数量极显著低于B组(P<0.01)。与A组相比,B组、C组鸭的回肠内容物中大肠杆菌数量均显著降低(P<0.05),C组鸭十二指肠、空肠内容物大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P<0.05)。C组回肠内容物中大肠杆菌数量显著低于B组(P<0.05)。与A组相比,B组、C组鸭十二指肠绒隐比均显著升高(P<0.05),B组鸭空肠肠壁厚度显著升高(P<0.05)。研究表明,日粮添加MCT和复合益生菌可显著提高产蛋后期绍兴麻鸭生产性能,降低十二指肠、空肠中沙门菌和大肠杆菌的数量,以添加900 g MCT+100 g复合益生菌效果较好。展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB951302-2)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51109214 and 31101074)
文摘Climate change is recognized to increase the frequency and severity of extreme temperature events. At flowering and grain filling stages, risk of high temperature stress （HTS） on rice might increase, and lead to declining grain yields. A regulated cabinet experiment was carried out to investigate effects of high temperature stress on rice growth at flowering and grain- filling stages. Results showed that no obvious decrease pattern in net photosynthesis appeared along with the temperature rising, but the dry matter allocation in leaf, leaf sheath, culm, and panicle all changed. Dry weight of panicle decreased, and ratio of straw to total above ground crop dry weight increased 6-34% from CK, which might have great effects on carbon cycling and green house gas emission. Grain yield decreased significantly across all treatments on average from 15 to 73%. Occurrence of HTS at flowering stage showed more serious influence on grain yield than at grain filling stage. High temperature stress showed negative effects on harvest index. It might be helpful to provide valuable information for crop simulation models to capture the effects of high temperature stress on rice, and evaluate the high temperature risk.
基金Foundation item： Supported by the Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation for the Youth Schol- ars of Ministry of Education of China（12YJCZH217） Supported by the National Natural Science Foun- dation of China（l1271020）+1 种基金 Supported by the Key Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Educational Committee（KJ2011A139） Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province（1308085MA03, 1208085MA 11）
文摘In this paper, the authors present some new results on complete moment convergence for arrays of rowwise negatively associated random variables. These results improve some previous known theorems.
基金Foundation item： Supported by the Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation for the Youth Scholars of Ministry of Education of China（12YJCZH217） Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province（1308085MA03） Supported by the Key Natural Science Foundation of Educational Committe of Anhui Province（KJ2014A255）
文摘In this article, the author establishes the strong laws for linear statistics that are weighted sums of a m-negatively associated(m-NA) random sample. The obtained results extend and improve the result of Qiu and Yang in [1] to m-NA random variables.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51109214,31101074 and 51309211)the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China(2011BAD32B)the Basic Scientific Research Foundation of National Non-Profit Scientific Institute of China(BSRF201303)
文摘The irrigation method used in winter wheat fields affects micro-environment factors, such as relative humidity（RH） within canopy, soil temperature, topsoil bulk density, soil matric potential, and soil nutrients, and these changes may affect plant root growth.An experiment was carried out to explore the effects of irrigation method on micro-environments and root distribution in a winter wheat field in the 2007–2008 and 2008–2009 growing seasons.The results showed that border irrigation（BI）, sprinkler irrigation（SI）, and surface drip irrigation（SDI） had no significant effects on soil temperature.Topsoil bulk density, RH within the canopy, soil available N distribution, and soil matric potential were significantly affected by the three treatments.The change in soil matric potential was the key reason for the altered root profile distribution patterns.Additionally, more fine roots were produced in the BI treatment when soil water content was low and topsoil bulk density was high.Root growth was most stimulated in the top soil layers and inhibited in the deep layers in the SDI treatment, followed by SI and BI, which was due to the different water application frequencies.As a result, the root profile distribution differed, depending on the irrigation method used.The root distribution pattern changes could be described by the power level variation in the exponential function.A good knowledge of root distribution patterns is important when attempting to model water and nutrient movements and when studying soil-plant interactions.
文摘试验旨在研究日粮中添加中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(MCT)和复合益生菌对产蛋后期绍兴麻鸭的生产性能、肠道菌群数量和肠道健康的影响。选取约52周龄,体重、产蛋率相近的产蛋后期绍兴麻鸭900只,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复60只。A组(对照组)鸭饲喂基础日粮,B组鸭饲喂添加900 g MCT+100 g复合益生菌的基础日粮,C组鸭饲喂添加1 800 g MCT+200 g复合益生菌的基础日粮。预试期3 d,正式试验期60 d。结果显示:与A组相比,B组、C组鸭的产蛋率均极显著升高(P<0.01),料蛋比极显著降低(P<0.01)。B组鸭的产蛋率均极显著高于C组(P<0.01),料蛋比极显著低于C组(P<0.01)。与A组相比,B组、C组鸭十二指肠、空肠内容物中沙门菌数量均极显著降低(P<0.01),C组盲肠内容物中沙门菌数量极显著降低(P<0.01)。C组十二指肠内容物中沙门菌数量极显著低于B组(P<0.01),空肠内容物中沙门菌数量极显著低于B组(P<0.01)。与A组相比,B组、C组鸭的回肠内容物中大肠杆菌数量均显著降低(P<0.05),C组鸭十二指肠、空肠内容物大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P<0.05)。C组回肠内容物中大肠杆菌数量显著低于B组(P<0.05)。与A组相比,B组、C组鸭十二指肠绒隐比均显著升高(P<0.05),B组鸭空肠肠壁厚度显著升高(P<0.05)。研究表明,日粮添加MCT和复合益生菌可显著提高产蛋后期绍兴麻鸭生产性能,降低十二指肠、空肠中沙门菌和大肠杆菌的数量,以添加900 g MCT+100 g复合益生菌效果较好。
