【目的】基因聚合是实现水稻稻瘟病广谱抗性的有效途径之一。通过构建粳稻背景下不同双基因聚合系,利用长江下游粳型稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe oryzea)菌株评价其抗性效应并解析其抗性效应产生的构成因子,为长江下游粳稻抗稻瘟病育种提供广...【目的】基因聚合是实现水稻稻瘟病广谱抗性的有效途径之一。通过构建粳稻背景下不同双基因聚合系,利用长江下游粳型稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe oryzea)菌株评价其抗性效应并解析其抗性效应产生的构成因子,为长江下游粳稻抗稻瘟病育种提供广谱抗性基因组合模式和种质资源。【方法】以粳稻07GY31为背景的Piz基因座不同复等位基因(Pigm、Pi40、Pi9、Pi2、Pizt和Piz)单基因系为核心,利用不完全NCII交配设计,分别与其他广谱抗性基因(Pi1、Pi54和Pi33)单基因系杂交,经分子标记辅助选择和农艺性状筛选,共构建18种不同基因组合的双基因聚合系。2019年利用长江下游粳稻种植区采集、分离的109个稻瘟病代表性菌株进行苗瘟、穗瘟人工接种鉴定及不同病圃的自然诱发鉴定,评价不同双基因聚合系的抗性效应,并分析双基因聚合系抗性效应的构成因子。【结果】Genotyping by sequencing(GBS)分析表明所构建的双基因聚合系均具有较高的背景恢复率,分布于97.08%(PPL^(Piz/Pi33))—99.08%(PPL^(Pigm/Pi1))。表明除了目标基因区域不同外,所有双基因聚合系的遗传背景几乎完全与受体亲本07GY31一致。同时人工接菌鉴定表明绝大部分双基因聚合系苗瘟和穗瘟抗性水平都优于单基因系。其中苗瘟抗性效应较好的聚合系分别为PPL^(Pigm/Pi1)、PPL^(Pigm/Pi54)、PPL^(Pigm/Pi33)、PPL^(Pi9/Pi33)、PPL^(Pi9/Pi54)、PPL^(Pi40/Pi54)、PPL^(Pi40/Pi33)、PPL^(Pi40/Pi1)、PPL^(Pi9/Pi1),而穗瘟抗性效应较好的聚合系分别为PPL^(Pigm/Pi1)、PPL^(Pigm/Pi54)、PPL^(Pigm/Pi33)、PPL^(Pi40/Pi33)、PPL^(Pi40/Pi54)、PPL^(Pi40/Pi1)、PPL^(Pizt/Pi33)。不同抗性基因聚合后产生不同的效应,其中互补效应高且能有效表达是提高双基因聚合系苗瘟和穗瘟抗性的关键因子。双基因聚合系PPL^(Pigm/Pi1)、PPL^(Pigm/Pi54)和PPL^(Pigm/Pi33)在苗瘟和穗瘟的人工接种,以及在不同病圃的自然诱发鉴定中均表现稳定的广谱抗性,同时,农艺性状调查结果也表明这3个双基因聚合系的基本农艺性状与轮回亲本07GY31基本一致,因此,基因组合Pigm/Pi1、Pigm/Pi54和Pigm/Pi33是适于长江下游粳稻的广谱抗性基因组合模式。【结论】抗性基因的组合方式影响聚合系的抗性水平,互补效应高且能有效表达是粳型双基因聚合系抗性效应提高的关键因子。本研究构建的双基因聚合系及其抗性效应分析为长江下游广谱稻瘟病抗性粳稻品种的精准培育提供了种质资源和理论支撑。展开更多
Rice blast is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice production worldwide.The development and rational use of resistant varieties has been the most effective and economical measure to control blast.In thi...Rice blast is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice production worldwide.The development and rational use of resistant varieties has been the most effective and economical measure to control blast.In this review,we summarized the cloning and utilization of rice blast resistance genes,such as Pi1,Pi2,Pi9,Pi54,Pigm and Piz-t.We concluded that three main problems in the current breeding of rice blast resistance are:availability of few R(resistance)genes that confer resistance to both seedling and panicle blast,the resistance effect of pyramided lines is not the result of a simple accumulation of resistance spectrum,and only a few R genes have been successfully used for molecular breeding.Therefore,novel utilization strategies for rice blast R genes in molecular breeding were proposed,such as accurately understanding the utilization of R genes in main modern rice varieties,creating a core resistant germplasm with excellent comprehensive traits,screening and utilizing broadspectrum and durable resistance gene combinations.Lastly,the trends and possible development direction of blast resistance improvement were also discussed,including new genes regulating resistance identified via GWAS(genome-wide association study)and improving rice blast resistance using genetic editing.展开更多
文摘【目的】基因聚合是实现水稻稻瘟病广谱抗性的有效途径之一。通过构建粳稻背景下不同双基因聚合系,利用长江下游粳型稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe oryzea)菌株评价其抗性效应并解析其抗性效应产生的构成因子,为长江下游粳稻抗稻瘟病育种提供广谱抗性基因组合模式和种质资源。【方法】以粳稻07GY31为背景的Piz基因座不同复等位基因(Pigm、Pi40、Pi9、Pi2、Pizt和Piz)单基因系为核心,利用不完全NCII交配设计,分别与其他广谱抗性基因(Pi1、Pi54和Pi33)单基因系杂交,经分子标记辅助选择和农艺性状筛选,共构建18种不同基因组合的双基因聚合系。2019年利用长江下游粳稻种植区采集、分离的109个稻瘟病代表性菌株进行苗瘟、穗瘟人工接种鉴定及不同病圃的自然诱发鉴定,评价不同双基因聚合系的抗性效应,并分析双基因聚合系抗性效应的构成因子。【结果】Genotyping by sequencing(GBS)分析表明所构建的双基因聚合系均具有较高的背景恢复率,分布于97.08%(PPL^(Piz/Pi33))—99.08%(PPL^(Pigm/Pi1))。表明除了目标基因区域不同外,所有双基因聚合系的遗传背景几乎完全与受体亲本07GY31一致。同时人工接菌鉴定表明绝大部分双基因聚合系苗瘟和穗瘟抗性水平都优于单基因系。其中苗瘟抗性效应较好的聚合系分别为PPL^(Pigm/Pi1)、PPL^(Pigm/Pi54)、PPL^(Pigm/Pi33)、PPL^(Pi9/Pi33)、PPL^(Pi9/Pi54)、PPL^(Pi40/Pi54)、PPL^(Pi40/Pi33)、PPL^(Pi40/Pi1)、PPL^(Pi9/Pi1),而穗瘟抗性效应较好的聚合系分别为PPL^(Pigm/Pi1)、PPL^(Pigm/Pi54)、PPL^(Pigm/Pi33)、PPL^(Pi40/Pi33)、PPL^(Pi40/Pi54)、PPL^(Pi40/Pi1)、PPL^(Pizt/Pi33)。不同抗性基因聚合后产生不同的效应,其中互补效应高且能有效表达是提高双基因聚合系苗瘟和穗瘟抗性的关键因子。双基因聚合系PPL^(Pigm/Pi1)、PPL^(Pigm/Pi54)和PPL^(Pigm/Pi33)在苗瘟和穗瘟的人工接种,以及在不同病圃的自然诱发鉴定中均表现稳定的广谱抗性,同时,农艺性状调查结果也表明这3个双基因聚合系的基本农艺性状与轮回亲本07GY31基本一致,因此,基因组合Pigm/Pi1、Pigm/Pi54和Pigm/Pi33是适于长江下游粳稻的广谱抗性基因组合模式。【结论】抗性基因的组合方式影响聚合系的抗性水平,互补效应高且能有效表达是粳型双基因聚合系抗性效应提高的关键因子。本研究构建的双基因聚合系及其抗性效应分析为长江下游广谱稻瘟病抗性粳稻品种的精准培育提供了种质资源和理论支撑。
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFD0100400)the Key Studying and Developing Project of Jiangsu Province for Modern Agriculture(Grant No.BE2018351)+9 种基金the Major Project of Jiangsu Province for Significant New Varieties Development(Grant No.PZCZ201702)the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding(Grant No.BM2018003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31971868)the National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Special Fund(Grant No.CARS-01-60)the‘333’Project of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BRA2017163)the Key Studying and Developing Project of Yangzhou City for Modern Agriculture(Grant No.YZ2018048)the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund[(Grant Nos.CX(18)1003)and CX(18)2022)]Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests(Grant No.SKLOF 201909)Opening Foundation of Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education(Grant No.ML201806)Fund of Institute of Agricultural Sciences for Lixiahe Region in Jiangsu(Grant No.SJ17201).
文摘Rice blast is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice production worldwide.The development and rational use of resistant varieties has been the most effective and economical measure to control blast.In this review,we summarized the cloning and utilization of rice blast resistance genes,such as Pi1,Pi2,Pi9,Pi54,Pigm and Piz-t.We concluded that three main problems in the current breeding of rice blast resistance are:availability of few R(resistance)genes that confer resistance to both seedling and panicle blast,the resistance effect of pyramided lines is not the result of a simple accumulation of resistance spectrum,and only a few R genes have been successfully used for molecular breeding.Therefore,novel utilization strategies for rice blast R genes in molecular breeding were proposed,such as accurately understanding the utilization of R genes in main modern rice varieties,creating a core resistant germplasm with excellent comprehensive traits,screening and utilizing broadspectrum and durable resistance gene combinations.Lastly,the trends and possible development direction of blast resistance improvement were also discussed,including new genes regulating resistance identified via GWAS(genome-wide association study)and improving rice blast resistance using genetic editing.
