目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)测定面制食品中Al元素含量的方法。方法面制食品样品经微波消解后,使用ICP-MS测定,并对方法的线性范围、检出限、精密度和回收率等进行...目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)测定面制食品中Al元素含量的方法。方法面制食品样品经微波消解后,使用ICP-MS测定,并对方法的线性范围、检出限、精密度和回收率等进行考察。结果 Al元素在20.0~200.0μg/kg范围内的相关系数大于0.999,线性良好,方法检出限为0.2μg/kg,定量限为0.6μg/kg。加标浓度为5.0~15.0μg/kg时,回收率在99.3%~105.0%之间,且相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)在0.93%~2.11%之间。结论该检测方法简单、快速、准确、灵敏度高,适用于面制食品中Al元素的测定。展开更多
磁约束等离子体中杂质(特别是高Z杂质)的存在将大大增强等离子体辐射功率损失,破坏等离子体的约束性能。杂质行为的定量研究首先要求对杂质测量的光谱诊断系统进行绝对强度标定,获得灵敏度响应曲线。介绍了EAST托卡马克上的快速极紫外...磁约束等离子体中杂质(特别是高Z杂质)的存在将大大增强等离子体辐射功率损失,破坏等离子体的约束性能。杂质行为的定量研究首先要求对杂质测量的光谱诊断系统进行绝对强度标定,获得灵敏度响应曲线。介绍了EAST托卡马克上的快速极紫外光谱仪系统绝对强度的原位标定方法。在波长范围20~150内,通过对比极紫外(EUV)波段连续轫致辐射强度的计算值和测量值得到光谱仪的绝对强度标定。在此过程中,首先由(523±1)nm范围内可见连续轫致辐射强度的绝对测量值计算出有效电荷数Z_(eff),进而结合电子温度和密度分布计算EUV波段连续轫致辐射强度;EUV波段连续轫致辐射强度的测量值即为不同波长处探测器的连续本底计数扣除背景噪声计数值。对于较长波段范围130~280,通过对比等离子体中类锂杂质离子(Fe^(23+),Cr^(21+),Ar^(15+))和类钠杂质离子(Mo^(31+),Fe^(15+))发出的共振谱线对(跃迁分别为1s^22s^(2 )S_(1/2)—1s^22p^(2 )P_(1/2,3/2)及2p^63s ^(2 )S_(1/2)—2p^63p^(2 )P_(1/2,3/2))强度比的理论和实验值进行相对强度标定。其中共振谱线对强度比的理论值由辐射碰撞模型计算得到,模型中处在各个能级的离子数主要由电子碰撞激发,去激发以及辐射衰变三个过程决定。两种方法相结合,实现了光谱仪20~280范围的绝对强度标定。考虑轫致辐射、电子温度及电子密度的测量误差,绝对标定误差约为30%。在绝对标定的基础上,我们对杂质特征谱线强度进行绝对测量,并将测量结果与杂质输运程序结合ADAS(Atomic Data and Analysis Structure)原子数据库计算得到的模拟值进行比较,进而估算等离子体中的杂质浓度。展开更多
目的建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定大米中16种稀土元素含量。方法称取0.2 g左右的大米,加入7mL硝酸,在120℃下进行预消解,预消解完成后进行微波消解,定容摇匀待测。在已优化过的电感耦合等离子体质谱仪上测定大米中16种稀土元素,并对...目的建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定大米中16种稀土元素含量。方法称取0.2 g左右的大米,加入7mL硝酸,在120℃下进行预消解,预消解完成后进行微波消解,定容摇匀待测。在已优化过的电感耦合等离子体质谱仪上测定大米中16种稀土元素,并对其线性回归方程、检出限、精密度和回收率等进行考察。结果16种稀土元素在一定范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.995,方法检出限为0.002~0.440μg/kg,定量限为0.006~1.480μg/kg。各元素加标回收率在85.7%~107.9%,测定结果相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)在1.8%~4.5%。结论该检测方法简单、快速、选择性好、灵敏度和回收率高,适用于大米中多种稀土元素的测定。展开更多
Electron heat diffusivity inferred from the electron power balance was studied in the ohmically heated plasma on an HT-7 tokamak.The results obtained before and after siliconization were compared and it is found that ...Electron heat diffusivity inferred from the electron power balance was studied in the ohmically heated plasma on an HT-7 tokamak.The results obtained before and after siliconization were compared and it is found that the diffusivity is reduced obviously in the half of the outer region(r/a>0.5)after siliconization,which was the reason why energy confinement was improved after siliconization.展开更多
Lower hybrid current drive experiments on the HT-7 device have been carried out by scanning the following parameters: central line averaged electron density (ne = 0.6 - 2.0 × 1019m-3) and toroidal magnetic field ...Lower hybrid current drive experiments on the HT-7 device have been carried out by scanning the following parameters: central line averaged electron density (ne = 0.6 - 2.0 × 1019m-3) and toroidal magnetic field (Bt = 1.62 - 2.0 T). The dependence of current drive efficiency on these parameters has been studied and the experimental curves of current drive efficiency as a function of ne and Bt have also been obtained. From these experimental results, it can be seen that current drive efficiency rises with the increase of toroidal magnetic field. As plasma density increases, the current drive efficiency first increases to a certain value, then gradually decreases, that is, there exists an optimized density regime where a better drive efficiency can be obtained. The analysis shows that the current drive efficiency is mainly affected by wave accessibility and impurity concentration, and the competition of these two factors determines the current drive efficiency.展开更多
文摘介绍了东方超环(experimental advanced supereonducting tokamak, EAST)托卡马克上的两套快速极紫外(EUV)光谱仪系统波长的原位标定方法、结果及其应用。这两套谱仪均为掠入射平场谱仪,时间分辨均为5 ms·frame -1 。两套谱仪分别工作在20~500和10~130 的波段范围,由步进电机控制探测器在焦平面上移动实现整个观测波段上的波长扫描。利用这两套谱仪系统观测极紫外波段光谱,计算EAST中低-高Z杂质离子特征线辐射强度随时间的演化,监测和研究等离子体中杂质的行为。高Z杂质尤其是钨、钼等金属元素,发出的EUV波段光谱的构成非常复杂,准确识谱对谱仪精确的波长测量能力以及谱分辨能力要求很高,因此精确的波长标定是识别钨、钼等高Z杂质谱线以及研究它们行为的最关键的技术之一。利用EAST等离子体中类氢到类铍的低、中Z杂质的特征谱线以及它们的二阶甚至三阶谱线,结合谱仪系统的色散能力,对这两套快速极紫外光谱仪的波长进行了精确的原位标定。用于波长标定的杂质谱线有O Ⅷ 18.97 , O Ⅶ 21.60 , C Ⅵ 33.73 , Li Ⅲ 113.9 , Li Ⅲ 135.0 , Li Ⅱ 199.28 , Ar ⅩⅤ 221.15 , He Ⅱ 256.317 , He Ⅱ 303.78 , Ar ⅩⅥ 353.853 及C Ⅳ 384.174 等。利用波长标定的结果对观测到的EUV光谱进行谱线识别,两套谱仪观测到的绝大多数谱线波长与美国技术标准局(National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST)数据库的标准波长相差分别小于0.08和0.03 。开发了谱仪波长原位标定程序模块,将这个模块内嵌到谱仪数据实时上传的交互式软件中,实现了全谱数据以及特征谱线强度随时间演化数据的实时处理和上传。同时利用开发的全谱分析交互式软件以及EAST上的数据查看软件,最终实现了快速EUV谱仪自采数据的准实时分析、读取和查看。
文摘目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)测定面制食品中Al元素含量的方法。方法面制食品样品经微波消解后,使用ICP-MS测定,并对方法的线性范围、检出限、精密度和回收率等进行考察。结果 Al元素在20.0~200.0μg/kg范围内的相关系数大于0.999,线性良好,方法检出限为0.2μg/kg,定量限为0.6μg/kg。加标浓度为5.0~15.0μg/kg时,回收率在99.3%~105.0%之间,且相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)在0.93%~2.11%之间。结论该检测方法简单、快速、准确、灵敏度高,适用于面制食品中Al元素的测定。
文摘磁约束等离子体中杂质(特别是高Z杂质)的存在将大大增强等离子体辐射功率损失,破坏等离子体的约束性能。杂质行为的定量研究首先要求对杂质测量的光谱诊断系统进行绝对强度标定,获得灵敏度响应曲线。介绍了EAST托卡马克上的快速极紫外光谱仪系统绝对强度的原位标定方法。在波长范围20~150内,通过对比极紫外(EUV)波段连续轫致辐射强度的计算值和测量值得到光谱仪的绝对强度标定。在此过程中,首先由(523±1)nm范围内可见连续轫致辐射强度的绝对测量值计算出有效电荷数Z_(eff),进而结合电子温度和密度分布计算EUV波段连续轫致辐射强度;EUV波段连续轫致辐射强度的测量值即为不同波长处探测器的连续本底计数扣除背景噪声计数值。对于较长波段范围130~280,通过对比等离子体中类锂杂质离子(Fe^(23+),Cr^(21+),Ar^(15+))和类钠杂质离子(Mo^(31+),Fe^(15+))发出的共振谱线对(跃迁分别为1s^22s^(2 )S_(1/2)—1s^22p^(2 )P_(1/2,3/2)及2p^63s ^(2 )S_(1/2)—2p^63p^(2 )P_(1/2,3/2))强度比的理论和实验值进行相对强度标定。其中共振谱线对强度比的理论值由辐射碰撞模型计算得到,模型中处在各个能级的离子数主要由电子碰撞激发,去激发以及辐射衰变三个过程决定。两种方法相结合,实现了光谱仪20~280范围的绝对强度标定。考虑轫致辐射、电子温度及电子密度的测量误差,绝对标定误差约为30%。在绝对标定的基础上,我们对杂质特征谱线强度进行绝对测量,并将测量结果与杂质输运程序结合ADAS(Atomic Data and Analysis Structure)原子数据库计算得到的模拟值进行比较,进而估算等离子体中的杂质浓度。
文摘目的建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定大米中16种稀土元素含量。方法称取0.2 g左右的大米,加入7mL硝酸,在120℃下进行预消解,预消解完成后进行微波消解,定容摇匀待测。在已优化过的电感耦合等离子体质谱仪上测定大米中16种稀土元素,并对其线性回归方程、检出限、精密度和回收率等进行考察。结果16种稀土元素在一定范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.995,方法检出限为0.002~0.440μg/kg,定量限为0.006~1.480μg/kg。各元素加标回收率在85.7%~107.9%,测定结果相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)在1.8%~4.5%。结论该检测方法简单、快速、选择性好、灵敏度和回收率高,适用于大米中多种稀土元素的测定。
文摘Electron heat diffusivity inferred from the electron power balance was studied in the ohmically heated plasma on an HT-7 tokamak.The results obtained before and after siliconization were compared and it is found that the diffusivity is reduced obviously in the half of the outer region(r/a>0.5)after siliconization,which was the reason why energy confinement was improved after siliconization.
文摘Lower hybrid current drive experiments on the HT-7 device have been carried out by scanning the following parameters: central line averaged electron density (ne = 0.6 - 2.0 × 1019m-3) and toroidal magnetic field (Bt = 1.62 - 2.0 T). The dependence of current drive efficiency on these parameters has been studied and the experimental curves of current drive efficiency as a function of ne and Bt have also been obtained. From these experimental results, it can be seen that current drive efficiency rises with the increase of toroidal magnetic field. As plasma density increases, the current drive efficiency first increases to a certain value, then gradually decreases, that is, there exists an optimized density regime where a better drive efficiency can be obtained. The analysis shows that the current drive efficiency is mainly affected by wave accessibility and impurity concentration, and the competition of these two factors determines the current drive efficiency.
