AI in Human-computer Gaming:Techniques,Challenges and Opportunities

With the breakthrough of AlphaGo,human-computer gaming AI has ushered in a big explosion,attracting more and more researchers all over the world.As a recognized standard for testing artificial intelligence,various human-computer gaming AI systems(AIs)have been developed,such as Libratus,OpenAI Five,and AlphaStar,which beat professional human players.The rapid development of human-computer gaming AIs indicates a big step for decision-making intelligence,and it seems that current techniques can handle very complex human-computer games.So,one natural question arises:What are the possible challenges of current techniques in human-computer gaming and what are the future trends?To answer the above question,in this paper,we survey recent successful game AIs,covering board game AIs,card game AIs,first-person shooting game AIs,and real-time strategy game AIs.Through this survey,we 1)compare the main difficulties among different kinds of games and the corresponding techniques utilized for achieving professional human-level AIs;2)summarize the mainstream frameworks and techniques that can be properly relied on for developing AIs for complex human-computer games;3)raise the challenges or drawbacks of current techniques in the successful AIs;and 4)try to point out future trends in human-computer gaming AIs.Finally,we hope that this brief review can provide an introduction for beginners and inspire insight for researchers in the field of AI in human-computer gaming.