为提高稻草秸秆在厌氧消化过程中的产气能力,试验采用两相厌氧发酵反应器中产生的水解酸化液对秸秆进行生物预处理,考察了空气供应量对预处理后秸秆成分及预处理后秸秆厌氧产气特性的影响,同时还研究了除菌水解液、乙酸溶液及未处理水...为提高稻草秸秆在厌氧消化过程中的产气能力,试验采用两相厌氧发酵反应器中产生的水解酸化液对秸秆进行生物预处理,考察了空气供应量对预处理后秸秆成分及预处理后秸秆厌氧产气特性的影响,同时还研究了除菌水解液、乙酸溶液及未处理水解液对秸秆预处理的影响。结果表明,经预处理后的稻草秸秆中的VS,TS,木质素、纤维素和半纤维素的降解率都随空气供应量的升高而升高。但降解率的提高并没有使预处理过后秸秆的产气量得到提高,当空气供应量达到95 m L·g-1VS·d-1时,累积产气量达到最高为384.9 m L·g-1TS,比未处理秸秆提高了83%,且产气速率常数(kt)达到最高为0.1132 d-1。水解液中的微生物菌群在预处理过程中起关键作用,且除微生物外还有一些有机酸能促进秸秆的降解。展开更多
Sepsis can cause a series of damages to various organs of the body,so it has always been regarded as a hot research topic in veterinary clinic.Aiming at the present situation of high morbidity and mortality of canine ...Sepsis can cause a series of damages to various organs of the body,so it has always been regarded as a hot research topic in veterinary clinic.Aiming at the present situation of high morbidity and mortality of canine sepsis,in order to further explore the pathogenesis of this disease,it need to establish a stable and repeatable canine sepsis model that is in line with the clinical characteristics of the disease.The study selected 12 local dogs and randomly divided into three groups:rapid bolus injection group(Group A),continuous infusion group within 30 min(Group B)and continuous infusion group(Group C).Then,the lipopolysaccharides(LPS)with 2 mg·kg^-1 were injected through the brachial vein in different modes of administration,thus the model was fully established.During the modeling period,body temperature(T),respiratory rate(RR),heart rate(HR)and mean arterial pressure(MAP)were monitored at 0,10,20,30,40,50 min and 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,12 and 24 h.Blood was collected from the canine brachial vein at 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,12 and 24 h,respectively,for the detection of white blood cells(WBC).The test showed that the values of T,RR,HR,MAP,WBC of the dogs in group A all changed but did not exceed the normal range,and the clinical symptoms were not significant.There were no significant changes in the values of RR,HR,T,MAP and WBC of the dogs in Group B,and the clinical symptoms were not significant.The value of T of the dogs in Group C were significantly increased at 40 min(p<0.05),which reached the fever standard and lasted for 7 h;the value of RR increased significantly at 20 min(p<0.05),and a downward trend could be observed at 12 h,then it returned to normal at 24 h;the value of HR increased significantly at 50 min(p<0.05)and recovered at 8 h;the value of HR decreased significantly at 20 min(p<0.05),which remained at 12 h(p<0.05),and returned back to normal at 24 h;the value of WBC decreased significantly from 1 h to 4 h(p<0.05),which was lower than the normal value,and increased significantly at 24 h(p<0.01);all of the four dogs in this group had clinical symptoms such as vomiting,diarrhea and depression.Based on the above results,the changes of indexes and clinical symptoms in Groups A and B did not meet the standards of sepsis.After a long-term continuous intravenous infusion of LPS,the experimental dogs in Group C showed varying degrees of clinical symptoms,such as vomiting,diarrhea and depression one after another.The indexes and clinical symptoms reached the sepsis standard about 3 h after infusion.In brief,this model not only had good stability and good regularity of repeatability,but also lasted for a long time and could be suitable for other subsequent studies.展开更多
The model of acute lung injury(ALI)was established by intraperitoneal administration,but there was no time-point observation and comparison.ALI model was established by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide(...The model of acute lung injury(ALI)was established by intraperitoneal administration,but there was no time-point observation and comparison.ALI model was established by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)at the concentration of 10 mg·kg^-1 (10 mg LPS dissolved in 1 mL normal saline to prepare 1 mL·kg^-1solution)in rats.The control group(CG)was intraperitoneally injected with saline of the same dose.In the LPS group,lung tissues were collected at 4,6,8,12 and 24 h after administration.Then,the morphology changes,the ratio of wet-to-dry weight(W/D),the expression of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)proteins,the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH)were measured.To verify the success of the model,the degrees of lung injury via Western blot,RT-PCR,ELISA and other techniques were detected at different time points,and the severe time of the ALI model established was deterimined by intraperitoneal administration,which provided a stable model basis for the study of the pathogenesis of ALI in the future.The results showed that the lung injury occurred in LPS group.W/D and lung pathological changes at 12 and 24 h of LPS group were significantly different from those in the CG.Compared with the CG,the expression of IL-1βand TNF-αproteins and the content of MDA in lung tissues of LPS group increased and most significant difference was found at 12 and 24 h(p<0.01).Compared with the CG,the activities of SOD and GSH in LPS 12 h group decreased significantly(p<0.01).In conclusion,inflammation and oxidative damage were the main causes of the ALI in rats.Lung injury was most obvious 12 h after intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg·kg^-1 LPS.展开更多
文摘为提高稻草秸秆在厌氧消化过程中的产气能力,试验采用两相厌氧发酵反应器中产生的水解酸化液对秸秆进行生物预处理,考察了空气供应量对预处理后秸秆成分及预处理后秸秆厌氧产气特性的影响,同时还研究了除菌水解液、乙酸溶液及未处理水解液对秸秆预处理的影响。结果表明,经预处理后的稻草秸秆中的VS,TS,木质素、纤维素和半纤维素的降解率都随空气供应量的升高而升高。但降解率的提高并没有使预处理过后秸秆的产气量得到提高,当空气供应量达到95 m L·g-1VS·d-1时,累积产气量达到最高为384.9 m L·g-1TS,比未处理秸秆提高了83%,且产气速率常数(kt)达到最高为0.1132 d-1。水解液中的微生物菌群在预处理过程中起关键作用,且除微生物外还有一些有机酸能促进秸秆的降解。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772806)Undergraduate Innovative Entrepreneurship Program in Heilongjiang Province(201810224054)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YED0501008)
文摘Sepsis can cause a series of damages to various organs of the body,so it has always been regarded as a hot research topic in veterinary clinic.Aiming at the present situation of high morbidity and mortality of canine sepsis,in order to further explore the pathogenesis of this disease,it need to establish a stable and repeatable canine sepsis model that is in line with the clinical characteristics of the disease.The study selected 12 local dogs and randomly divided into three groups:rapid bolus injection group(Group A),continuous infusion group within 30 min(Group B)and continuous infusion group(Group C).Then,the lipopolysaccharides(LPS)with 2 mg·kg^-1 were injected through the brachial vein in different modes of administration,thus the model was fully established.During the modeling period,body temperature(T),respiratory rate(RR),heart rate(HR)and mean arterial pressure(MAP)were monitored at 0,10,20,30,40,50 min and 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,12 and 24 h.Blood was collected from the canine brachial vein at 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,12 and 24 h,respectively,for the detection of white blood cells(WBC).The test showed that the values of T,RR,HR,MAP,WBC of the dogs in group A all changed but did not exceed the normal range,and the clinical symptoms were not significant.There were no significant changes in the values of RR,HR,T,MAP and WBC of the dogs in Group B,and the clinical symptoms were not significant.The value of T of the dogs in Group C were significantly increased at 40 min(p<0.05),which reached the fever standard and lasted for 7 h;the value of RR increased significantly at 20 min(p<0.05),and a downward trend could be observed at 12 h,then it returned to normal at 24 h;the value of HR increased significantly at 50 min(p<0.05)and recovered at 8 h;the value of HR decreased significantly at 20 min(p<0.05),which remained at 12 h(p<0.05),and returned back to normal at 24 h;the value of WBC decreased significantly from 1 h to 4 h(p<0.05),which was lower than the normal value,and increased significantly at 24 h(p<0.01);all of the four dogs in this group had clinical symptoms such as vomiting,diarrhea and depression.Based on the above results,the changes of indexes and clinical symptoms in Groups A and B did not meet the standards of sepsis.After a long-term continuous intravenous infusion of LPS,the experimental dogs in Group C showed varying degrees of clinical symptoms,such as vomiting,diarrhea and depression one after another.The indexes and clinical symptoms reached the sepsis standard about 3 h after infusion.In brief,this model not only had good stability and good regularity of repeatability,but also lasted for a long time and could be suitable for other subsequent studies.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YED0501008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772806)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(C2017022)。
文摘The model of acute lung injury(ALI)was established by intraperitoneal administration,but there was no time-point observation and comparison.ALI model was established by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)at the concentration of 10 mg·kg^-1 (10 mg LPS dissolved in 1 mL normal saline to prepare 1 mL·kg^-1solution)in rats.The control group(CG)was intraperitoneally injected with saline of the same dose.In the LPS group,lung tissues were collected at 4,6,8,12 and 24 h after administration.Then,the morphology changes,the ratio of wet-to-dry weight(W/D),the expression of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)proteins,the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH)were measured.To verify the success of the model,the degrees of lung injury via Western blot,RT-PCR,ELISA and other techniques were detected at different time points,and the severe time of the ALI model established was deterimined by intraperitoneal administration,which provided a stable model basis for the study of the pathogenesis of ALI in the future.The results showed that the lung injury occurred in LPS group.W/D and lung pathological changes at 12 and 24 h of LPS group were significantly different from those in the CG.Compared with the CG,the expression of IL-1βand TNF-αproteins and the content of MDA in lung tissues of LPS group increased and most significant difference was found at 12 and 24 h(p<0.01).Compared with the CG,the activities of SOD and GSH in LPS 12 h group decreased significantly(p<0.01).In conclusion,inflammation and oxidative damage were the main causes of the ALI in rats.Lung injury was most obvious 12 h after intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg·kg^-1 LPS.
