水稻主栽品种和气象因素对稻瘟病田间流行的影响

为明确稻瘟病易感水稻品种和气象因素对稻瘟病田间发生流行的影响,调查分析了杭州地区2015—2016年水稻主栽品种上稻瘟病的发生情况及不同种植区的发病特点。结果表明,不同品种类型感病性有差异,粳稻总体发病重于籼稻,且不同种植区域发病特点差异较大。平原地区以浙粳88等常规粳稻发病面积较大,西部山区以中浙优1号等籼型杂交稻品种发生重。年度间发病面积也有差异,2015年发病品种多、面积大,2016年发病相对较轻。基于2011—2015年杭州地区稻瘟病发生情况及气象数据资料,对稻瘟病发生流行与气象因素的相关性进行分析,建立了稻瘟病发生及实际产量损失的预测模型,经逐步回归法分析表明,叶瘟、穗颈瘟发生面积及实际产量损失与气温、湿度、雨量、日照等气象因素均相关。经检验,3个相关性分析模型均在比较准确或准确的范围,可以应用于稻瘟病的适时、准确预报。建议稻瘟病的综合防控策略为:根据主栽品种田间抗性调整品种布局,针对山区、老病区及气候条件的变化及时预防,实现病害的可持续控制。

整地方式对亚热带低山新垦耕地土壤性状的影响

山地红黄壤是亚热带地区耕地的重要来源,目前,这一地区土地开垦主要采用机械平整和人工平整方式。为了解整地方式对新造梯田耕地质量的影响,在浙江省选择酸性火山岩和泥页岩2类母质发育的红黄壤,采用多地采样分析的方法,比较机械平整和人工平整对新造梯田耕地土壤性状的影响。结果表明,与开垦前的土壤比较,无论是机械平整还是人工平整,都明显增加了表层土壤(0~20 cm)中砾石和砂粒含量,降低了土壤有机质、有效养分的含量。人工平整的新造梯田耕地质量好于机械平整,前者土壤黏粒、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别是后者的1.25~1.27、1.42~1.57、1.35~1.39、1.26~1.37和1.13~1.14倍,土壤中>0.25 mm水稳定性团聚体含量前者是后者的1.44~1.59倍。人工平整的新造梯田耕地土壤保蓄性和保水性高于机械平整。

杭州市农药废弃包装物回收处置工作现状与问题对策

本文介绍了近年来杭州市农药废弃包装物回收处置工作基本情况,分析了存在的问题,提出了今后加强农药废弃包装物回收处置工作的意见建议。

杭州市新垦耕地土壤质量状况及提升途径

为了解新垦耕地地力状况,为垦造耕地土壤质量全面提升提供依据,以杭州市2013—2016年新垦耕地为对象,布设99个样点,进行新垦耕地耕层厚度、砾石度、容重、pH、阳离子交换量、有机质、有效磷、速效钾8项指标的检测。结果表明,杭州市新垦耕地耕层厚度≤20 cm的占85.2%,砾石度≥10%的占77.1%,pH<5.5的占46.1%,有机质≤20 g·kg^(-1)的占90.2%,有效磷≤10 mg·kg^(-1)的占84.3%,速效钾≤80 mg·kg^(-1)的占47.4%,容重>1.1 g·cm^(-3)的占94.4%,阳离子交换量<15 cmol·kg^(-1)的占86.8%。总体上,新垦耕地土壤具有“酸、瘦、薄、粗”4个方面的特点,表现为土壤偏酸,有机质、有效磷等主要养分偏低,耕层偏薄,砾石度和容重偏高,板结现象较严重,保肥保水性能差。针对存在的问题,提出从多途径增加有机肥料的投入、适量施用碱性改良剂和增加养分投入与平衡施肥等方面提升新垦耕地土壤质量的思路。

Occurrence Regularity and Prediction Model of Underground Pest Adults in Hangzhou District of China

To improve forecasting and sustained control level of underground pests, trapping quantity of underground pests （black cutworm,mole cricket and scar-ab） by lamps and their field dynamics in Hangzhou district from 2005 to 2011 were investigated in the paper. The results showed that different pests had obvious differences in population dynamic. The black cutworm （Agrotis ypsilon） had several damage peaks （late May, late June and late July） and the moth amount in early period was relatively high. The mole cricket （ Gryllotalpa africana） had two damage peaks （late May to early July, early September to mid and late October）. The scarab （Anomala corpulenta） had one damage peak （late May to late June）. There were periodic changes in total quantity of underground pests among years, and the peak period appeared in the year of 2005, 2007 to 2009 and 2011, respectively. On this basis, temperature, humidity, rainfall and light were used as forecas- ting factors, using the method of stepwise regression, 19 factors with significant correlation were screened out and prediction models for occurrence quantity and oc- currence period of the three pests were established. By using accuracy degree judge model for verification, the score values of prediction model for occurrence quan-tity and occurrence period of the three underground pests were more than 58 and 70, which indicated that the historical coincident rate and prediction accuracy of estabhshed prediction models were good.

Resistance of Major Rice Cultivars in Hangzhou Area of China against Southern Rice Black-streaked Dwarf Virus

Resistance of 17 major rice cultivars in Hangzhou region of China against southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus was tested in the paper. The results showed that the incidence rate of southern rice black-streWed dwarf virus had certain positive correlation with quantity of white-backed planthopper （Sogatellafurci-fera） and resistance among various cultivars was significant. Two varieties, Yueyou 9113 and Tianyouhuazhan, were most susceptible ; Yongyou 8, Jiayou 2 and Xi-ushui 134 had best resistance and could be used as disease-resistant varieties to prevent the disease.

经皮椎间孔脊柱内窥镜技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效

目的观察经皮椎间孔脊柱内窥镜技术(TESSYS)治疗腰椎间盘突出症的安全性和有效性。方法 75例腰椎间盘突出症患者行TESSYS治疗,记录手术时间和住院时间,并采用VAS疼痛评分和改良MacNab标准评估术后疗效。结果 75例患者顺利完成手术,手术时间为55~180(92.40±23.02)min,术后住院时间为1~6(2.92±1.09)d。术后1、6个月和1年VAS疼痛评分均较术前减少[(2.31±0.81)分、(1.83±0.62)分和(1.39±1.25)分vs.(7.33±0.58)分](P<0.05)。术后改良MacNab标准优良率均在90%以上。结论采用TESSYS治疗椎间盘突出症的疗效可靠,具有创伤小、术后恢复快、并发症少等优点。