The actual incidence of human H7N9 infection is supposed to be much higher than the documented laboratoryconfirmed cases.In this study,we estimated the number of the actual H7N9 cases in Jiangsu,China using a probabil...The actual incidence of human H7N9 infection is supposed to be much higher than the documented laboratoryconfirmed cases.In this study,we estimated the number of the actual H7N9 cases in Jiangsu,China using a probabilistic multiplier model.Then,disability adjusted life years(DALYs),direct and indirect economic loss caused by this disease were calculated and analyzed.Till September 2017,the estimated total number of H7N9 cases was 2952[median,90%probability range(PR):1487-22094],which was 11.8 times(5.9-88.4)as large as the reported number.The median morbidity was estimated to be 4(90%PR:2-29)per 100000 population.The total DALYs loss was 16548 years,and the total economic loss(direct and indirect)was estimated to be RMB 1044618758(US$16.7 M).The average economic loss for per case and for per year was RMB 353868(US$56440)and RMB 232137502(US$37.0 M),respectively.The actual burden of human H7N9 infections was much heavier than what was documented.Our study provided an approach to estimate actual burden of infectious diseases using laboratory-confirmation.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the relationship between the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor(ECFR) in gastric cancer and the clinicopalhological features and prognosis. Methods:A total of 78 paraffin specimens...Objective:To investigate the relationship between the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor(ECFR) in gastric cancer and the clinicopalhological features and prognosis. Methods:A total of 78 paraffin specimens of gastric cancer operation were collected.The immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of ECFR in 78 cases of gastric cancer and 20 cases of adjacent normal tissue.The relationship between the high expression of ECFR and clinicopathological features was analyzed.Results:ECFR positive expression rate in the 78 cases of gastric cancer tissue was 57.7%(43/78),while ECFR was not expressed in 20 cases of adjacent normal tissue.The high ECFR expression was positively correlated with the position of gastric cancer,tumor size,cell differentiation,invasive depth,lymph node metastasis and TNM staging,yet having no obvious relation with gender or age.Conclusions:ECFR expression level in gastric cancer is closely related to the incidence and development of gastric cancer,which can provide a theoretical basis for the targeted therapy for gastric cancer with ECFR as the target.展开更多
Background Nitrogen-and water-use efficiency(NUE and WUE)reflect the capacity of plants to take up and utilize resources in the environments.Although N deposition and drought are known to affect plant growth and persi...Background Nitrogen-and water-use efficiency(NUE and WUE)reflect the capacity of plants to take up and utilize resources in the environments.Although N deposition and drought are known to affect plant growth and persistence,it remains elusive how plants adjust NUE,WUE and their relationship to adapt to the concurrent N deposition and drought under the context of global change.We conducted a field experiment in a temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia,in which N addition(10 g m^(–2)yr^(-1)),drought(reduced 66%precipitation during growing season)and their combination were manipulated,and we explored the responses of both instantaneous(NUE_(INST)and WUE_(INST))and long-term(NUE_(LT)and WUE_(LT))WUE and NUE for six common plant species(Leymus chinensis,Stipa baicalensis,Thermopsis lanceolata,Potentilla bifurca,Thalictrum squarrosum,Klasea centauroide).Results Across all the six species,NUE_(INST)decreased and WUE_(INST)increased with both N addition and drought;NUE_(LT)decreased with both N addition and drought,while WUE_(LT)decreased with N addition and increased with drought.A significant interactive effect between N addition and drought was detected,in that,drought weakened the negative effect of N addition on WUE_(LT)and NUE_(LT),and N addition weakened the negative effect of drought on NUE_(LT),but enhanced the positive effect of drought on WUE_(LT).As a consequence,drought caused a trade-off between NUE and WUE,and N addition brought forth positive correlation between NUE and WUE.Meanwhile,the relationship between NUE and WUE varied among the species of different functional groups.Conclusions Our study demonstrated that NUE,WUE and their relationship play an important role in determining their responses and adaptability to changes in soil nitrogen and water availability induced by N deposition and drought.Our results shed light on the antagonistic,synergetic and neutral effects between nitrogen deposition and drought on resource use efficiency,and further clarified the different adaptability among species of different functional groups,which will conduce to a comprehensive understanding on the role of NUE and WUE in plant persistence and coexistence in grassland ecosystems.展开更多
The increasing integration of photovoltaic generators(PVGs) and the uneven economic development in different regions may cause the unbalanced spatial-temporal distribution of load demands in an urban distribution netw...The increasing integration of photovoltaic generators(PVGs) and the uneven economic development in different regions may cause the unbalanced spatial-temporal distribution of load demands in an urban distribution network(UDN). This may lead to undesired consequences, including PVG curtailment, load shedding, and equipment inefficiency, etc. Global dynamic reconfiguration provides a promising method to solve those challenges. However, the power flow transfer capabilities for different kinds of switches are diverse, and the willingness of distribution system operators(DSOs) to select them is also different. In this paper, we formulate a multi-objective dynamic reconfiguration optimization model suitable for multi-level switching modes to minimize the operation cost, load imbalance, and the PVG curtailment. The multi-level switching includes feeder-level switching, transformer-level switching, and substation-level switching. A novel load balancing index is devised to quantify the global load balancing degree at different levels. Then, a stochastic programming model based on selected scenarios is established to address the uncertainties of PVGs and loads. Afterward, the fuzzy c-means(FCMs) clustering is applied to divide the time periods of reconfiguration. Furthermore, the modified binary particle swarm optimization(BPSO)and Cplex solver are combined to solve the proposed mixed-integer second-order cone programming(MISOCP) model. Numerical results based on the 148-node and 297-node systems are obtained to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
Mississippi Valley-type(MVT)Pb-Zn deposits serve as the world’s major supply of Pb-Zn resources.However,the age constraint of MVT Pb-Zn deposits has long been a big challenge,due to the lack of minerals that are uneq...Mississippi Valley-type(MVT)Pb-Zn deposits serve as the world’s major supply of Pb-Zn resources.However,the age constraint of MVT Pb-Zn deposits has long been a big challenge,due to the lack of minerals that are unequivocally related to ore deposition and that can be used for radioisotopic dating.Here we show sporopollens can provide useful chronological information on the Changdong MVT Pb-Zn deposit in the Simao basin,Sanjiang belt,West China.The Pb-Zn ores in the Changdong deposit are hosted by internal sediments in paleo-karst caves of meteoric origin.Sphalerite and galena occur as replacements of carbonate minerals and void infillings in the internal sediments.The relations suggest that the Pb-Zn mineralization occurred after the deposition of the internal sediments.A palynological assemblage mainly composed of angiosperm pollen dominated by Castanea,Quercus,and Carya and fern spores dominated by Polypodiaceae,Pteris,and Athyriaceae was identified.These pollen and spores place the ore-hosting internal sediments and the Changdong paleo-karst at early to middle Oligocene.Consequently,the Changdong Pb-Zn deposit must have formed after the early Oligocene(~34 Ma).These age constraints,together with the geological characteristics,indicate that the Changdong Pb-Zn deposit is a paleo-karst-controlled MVT deposit related to fold-thrust systems in the Sanjiang belt.The Changdong deposit is similar to other MVT Pb-Zn deposits in the northern part of the Sanjiang belt,making it possible to extend this Pb-Zn belt 500 km further to the South.Results presented here highlights the potential of sporopollens in dating the age of MVT deposits related to paleo-karst formation in young orogenic belts.展开更多
基金supported by the Science&Technology Demonstration Project for Emerging Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention under Grant(BE2015714&BE2017749)supported by the Key Medical Discipline of Jiangsu Science&Technology Project under Grant(epidemiology,ZDXKA2016008)+1 种基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project under Grant(2015ZX09101044)the Jiangsu Provincial Medical Youth Talents under Grant(QNRC2016539)
文摘The actual incidence of human H7N9 infection is supposed to be much higher than the documented laboratoryconfirmed cases.In this study,we estimated the number of the actual H7N9 cases in Jiangsu,China using a probabilistic multiplier model.Then,disability adjusted life years(DALYs),direct and indirect economic loss caused by this disease were calculated and analyzed.Till September 2017,the estimated total number of H7N9 cases was 2952[median,90%probability range(PR):1487-22094],which was 11.8 times(5.9-88.4)as large as the reported number.The median morbidity was estimated to be 4(90%PR:2-29)per 100000 population.The total DALYs loss was 16548 years,and the total economic loss(direct and indirect)was estimated to be RMB 1044618758(US$16.7 M).The average economic loss for per case and for per year was RMB 353868(US$56440)and RMB 232137502(US$37.0 M),respectively.The actual burden of human H7N9 infections was much heavier than what was documented.Our study provided an approach to estimate actual burden of infectious diseases using laboratory-confirmation.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Plan of Henan provinre(No.122102310245)Fund for Key Medical Science and Technology Program of Henan province(No.201203055)
文摘Objective:To investigate the relationship between the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor(ECFR) in gastric cancer and the clinicopalhological features and prognosis. Methods:A total of 78 paraffin specimens of gastric cancer operation were collected.The immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of ECFR in 78 cases of gastric cancer and 20 cases of adjacent normal tissue.The relationship between the high expression of ECFR and clinicopathological features was analyzed.Results:ECFR positive expression rate in the 78 cases of gastric cancer tissue was 57.7%(43/78),while ECFR was not expressed in 20 cases of adjacent normal tissue.The high ECFR expression was positively correlated with the position of gastric cancer,tumor size,cell differentiation,invasive depth,lymph node metastasis and TNM staging,yet having no obvious relation with gender or age.Conclusions:ECFR expression level in gastric cancer is closely related to the incidence and development of gastric cancer,which can provide a theoretical basis for the targeted therapy for gastric cancer with ECFR as the target.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(31870442,42230515).
文摘Background Nitrogen-and water-use efficiency(NUE and WUE)reflect the capacity of plants to take up and utilize resources in the environments.Although N deposition and drought are known to affect plant growth and persistence,it remains elusive how plants adjust NUE,WUE and their relationship to adapt to the concurrent N deposition and drought under the context of global change.We conducted a field experiment in a temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia,in which N addition(10 g m^(–2)yr^(-1)),drought(reduced 66%precipitation during growing season)and their combination were manipulated,and we explored the responses of both instantaneous(NUE_(INST)and WUE_(INST))and long-term(NUE_(LT)and WUE_(LT))WUE and NUE for six common plant species(Leymus chinensis,Stipa baicalensis,Thermopsis lanceolata,Potentilla bifurca,Thalictrum squarrosum,Klasea centauroide).Results Across all the six species,NUE_(INST)decreased and WUE_(INST)increased with both N addition and drought;NUE_(LT)decreased with both N addition and drought,while WUE_(LT)decreased with N addition and increased with drought.A significant interactive effect between N addition and drought was detected,in that,drought weakened the negative effect of N addition on WUE_(LT)and NUE_(LT),and N addition weakened the negative effect of drought on NUE_(LT),but enhanced the positive effect of drought on WUE_(LT).As a consequence,drought caused a trade-off between NUE and WUE,and N addition brought forth positive correlation between NUE and WUE.Meanwhile,the relationship between NUE and WUE varied among the species of different functional groups.Conclusions Our study demonstrated that NUE,WUE and their relationship play an important role in determining their responses and adaptability to changes in soil nitrogen and water availability induced by N deposition and drought.Our results shed light on the antagonistic,synergetic and neutral effects between nitrogen deposition and drought on resource use efficiency,and further clarified the different adaptability among species of different functional groups,which will conduce to a comprehensive understanding on the role of NUE and WUE in plant persistence and coexistence in grassland ecosystems.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2019YFE0123600)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52077146)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CSEE (No.CESS-YESS-2019027)。
文摘The increasing integration of photovoltaic generators(PVGs) and the uneven economic development in different regions may cause the unbalanced spatial-temporal distribution of load demands in an urban distribution network(UDN). This may lead to undesired consequences, including PVG curtailment, load shedding, and equipment inefficiency, etc. Global dynamic reconfiguration provides a promising method to solve those challenges. However, the power flow transfer capabilities for different kinds of switches are diverse, and the willingness of distribution system operators(DSOs) to select them is also different. In this paper, we formulate a multi-objective dynamic reconfiguration optimization model suitable for multi-level switching modes to minimize the operation cost, load imbalance, and the PVG curtailment. The multi-level switching includes feeder-level switching, transformer-level switching, and substation-level switching. A novel load balancing index is devised to quantify the global load balancing degree at different levels. Then, a stochastic programming model based on selected scenarios is established to address the uncertainties of PVGs and loads. Afterward, the fuzzy c-means(FCMs) clustering is applied to divide the time periods of reconfiguration. Furthermore, the modified binary particle swarm optimization(BPSO)and Cplex solver are combined to solve the proposed mixed-integer second-order cone programming(MISOCP) model. Numerical results based on the 148-node and 297-node systems are obtained to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41922022,41773042,41773043,41772088,and 41472067)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,China(Grant No.XDA20070304)+2 种基金the Key Laboratory of Deep-Earth Dynamics of the Ministry of Natural Resources(Grant No.J1901-6)the Basic Scientific Research Foundation of the Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences(Grant No.2105)the IGCP-662 Program。
文摘Mississippi Valley-type(MVT)Pb-Zn deposits serve as the world’s major supply of Pb-Zn resources.However,the age constraint of MVT Pb-Zn deposits has long been a big challenge,due to the lack of minerals that are unequivocally related to ore deposition and that can be used for radioisotopic dating.Here we show sporopollens can provide useful chronological information on the Changdong MVT Pb-Zn deposit in the Simao basin,Sanjiang belt,West China.The Pb-Zn ores in the Changdong deposit are hosted by internal sediments in paleo-karst caves of meteoric origin.Sphalerite and galena occur as replacements of carbonate minerals and void infillings in the internal sediments.The relations suggest that the Pb-Zn mineralization occurred after the deposition of the internal sediments.A palynological assemblage mainly composed of angiosperm pollen dominated by Castanea,Quercus,and Carya and fern spores dominated by Polypodiaceae,Pteris,and Athyriaceae was identified.These pollen and spores place the ore-hosting internal sediments and the Changdong paleo-karst at early to middle Oligocene.Consequently,the Changdong Pb-Zn deposit must have formed after the early Oligocene(~34 Ma).These age constraints,together with the geological characteristics,indicate that the Changdong Pb-Zn deposit is a paleo-karst-controlled MVT deposit related to fold-thrust systems in the Sanjiang belt.The Changdong deposit is similar to other MVT Pb-Zn deposits in the northern part of the Sanjiang belt,making it possible to extend this Pb-Zn belt 500 km further to the South.Results presented here highlights the potential of sporopollens in dating the age of MVT deposits related to paleo-karst formation in young orogenic belts.
