在对综合能源系统进行规划和运行决策的过程中,面临设备容量选取和运行策略优化的双重问题。为此以降低成本和碳排放为目标,提出电-热一体化综合能源系统容量与运行双层优化模型,其中容量配置模型采用多目标粒子群算法得到设备容量配置...在对综合能源系统进行规划和运行决策的过程中,面临设备容量选取和运行策略优化的双重问题。为此以降低成本和碳排放为目标,提出电-热一体化综合能源系统容量与运行双层优化模型,其中容量配置模型采用多目标粒子群算法得到设备容量配置方案,运行调度模型以容量配置模型确定的配置方案作为约束条件,采用混合整数线性规划得到最优运行方案。在得到Pareto前沿解集后,利用基于熵权的优劣解距离法(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)评价方法对方案进行评价。通过某园区综合能源系统进行算例验证,分析了多目标优化和单目标优化所得到的配置方案的不同特点,并通过对容量配置和运行方案的分析证明了模型的合理性和有效性。展开更多
Since Westman(1977) and Ehrlich(1982) put forward the concepts of "the service of nature" and "ecosystem service functions",respectively,methods for conducting value accounting for them,and their p...Since Westman(1977) and Ehrlich(1982) put forward the concepts of "the service of nature" and "ecosystem service functions",respectively,methods for conducting value accounting for them,and their practical application have become the subjects of intense study.Based on an overview of available research findings,we discuss three scientific hypotheses.First,the terrestrial ecosystem offers both positive and negative service functions.Second,changes in terrestrial ecosystem service functions lie not only in the number of ecosystem types and the coverage area of each type,but also in their quality.Third,the value of terrestrial ecosystem service functions should be assessed both in terms of the value stocked and the value added.We collected land use data from China during the period 1999-2008,and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data based on remote sensing images from the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies for the same period.We then calculated and analyzed spatial and temporal changes in China's terrestrial ecosystem service values over the 10-year period.Considering temporal change,the total value(stocked) of China's terrestrial ecosystem service functions decreased from 6.82 trillion Yuan RMB in 1999 to 6.57 trillion Yuan RMB in 2008.During that period,the positive value decreased by 240.17 billion Yuan RMB and the negative value increased by 8.85 billion Yuan RMB.The decrease in total value lies mainly in the humidity control,soil formation,and waste recycling functions.The total value(added) of China's terrestrial ecosystem service functions increased by 4.31 billion Yuan RMB in 2000,but decreased by 0.13 billion Yuan RMB in 2008(based on the constant price of China in 1999).The value(added) was a negative figure.From the perspective of spatial change,we can see that the supply of China's terrestrial ecosystem service functions fell slightly over the past 10 years,mainly in Northeast and Southern China.As a result of human activities on ecosystems,the loss of ecosystem service functions' value was relatively prominent in Shanxi and Gansu provinces,compared with an increase in value in Shaanxi Province.Terrestrial ecosystem service functions' value per unit area was relatively high in mid-and East China,showing a prominent spatial change over the 10-year period,but low in Western China.Some conclusions are drawn after an in-depth analysis of the factors causing the spatial and temporal changes in China's terrestrial ecosystem service functions,in the hope that our suggestions will be helpful for the management of China's terrestrial ecosystems.展开更多
文摘在对综合能源系统进行规划和运行决策的过程中,面临设备容量选取和运行策略优化的双重问题。为此以降低成本和碳排放为目标,提出电-热一体化综合能源系统容量与运行双层优化模型,其中容量配置模型采用多目标粒子群算法得到设备容量配置方案,运行调度模型以容量配置模型确定的配置方案作为约束条件,采用混合整数线性规划得到最优运行方案。在得到Pareto前沿解集后,利用基于熵权的优劣解距离法(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)评价方法对方案进行评价。通过某园区综合能源系统进行算例验证,分析了多目标优化和单目标优化所得到的配置方案的不同特点,并通过对容量配置和运行方案的分析证明了模型的合理性和有效性。
基金supported by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (71033005)
文摘Since Westman(1977) and Ehrlich(1982) put forward the concepts of "the service of nature" and "ecosystem service functions",respectively,methods for conducting value accounting for them,and their practical application have become the subjects of intense study.Based on an overview of available research findings,we discuss three scientific hypotheses.First,the terrestrial ecosystem offers both positive and negative service functions.Second,changes in terrestrial ecosystem service functions lie not only in the number of ecosystem types and the coverage area of each type,but also in their quality.Third,the value of terrestrial ecosystem service functions should be assessed both in terms of the value stocked and the value added.We collected land use data from China during the period 1999-2008,and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data based on remote sensing images from the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies for the same period.We then calculated and analyzed spatial and temporal changes in China's terrestrial ecosystem service values over the 10-year period.Considering temporal change,the total value(stocked) of China's terrestrial ecosystem service functions decreased from 6.82 trillion Yuan RMB in 1999 to 6.57 trillion Yuan RMB in 2008.During that period,the positive value decreased by 240.17 billion Yuan RMB and the negative value increased by 8.85 billion Yuan RMB.The decrease in total value lies mainly in the humidity control,soil formation,and waste recycling functions.The total value(added) of China's terrestrial ecosystem service functions increased by 4.31 billion Yuan RMB in 2000,but decreased by 0.13 billion Yuan RMB in 2008(based on the constant price of China in 1999).The value(added) was a negative figure.From the perspective of spatial change,we can see that the supply of China's terrestrial ecosystem service functions fell slightly over the past 10 years,mainly in Northeast and Southern China.As a result of human activities on ecosystems,the loss of ecosystem service functions' value was relatively prominent in Shanxi and Gansu provinces,compared with an increase in value in Shaanxi Province.Terrestrial ecosystem service functions' value per unit area was relatively high in mid-and East China,showing a prominent spatial change over the 10-year period,but low in Western China.Some conclusions are drawn after an in-depth analysis of the factors causing the spatial and temporal changes in China's terrestrial ecosystem service functions,in the hope that our suggestions will be helpful for the management of China's terrestrial ecosystems.
