The controversy between the IPCC and Non-governmental IPCC(NIPCC) on the attribution of global warming are reviewed.IPCC holds that today's global warming is mainly due to anthropogenic activities rather than natu...The controversy between the IPCC and Non-governmental IPCC(NIPCC) on the attribution of global warming are reviewed.IPCC holds that today's global warming is mainly due to anthropogenic activities rather than natural variability,which is emphasized by NIPCC.The surface temperature observations since the mid-20th century support the hypothesis of anthropogenic impact,but for the last one hundred years or so,natural forcings such as solar activity, volcanic eruptions and thermohaline circulation variations also have had great influences on the Earth's climate,especially on inter-decadal timescales.In addition,evidence suggests that the Medieval Warm Period(MWP) and Little Ice Age (LIA) are closely associated with the solar activity over the past 1 thousand years.Over the past 10 thousand years, the North Atlantic cold events and solar activity are closely correlated.Nevertheless,the physical mechanisms of the solar-climate variability and interrelation are not well understood,yet.Notably,a prevailing view recently indicates that galactic cosmic rays may result in climatic cooling through modulating global low cloud cover.However,its process and mechanism need to be further investigated.展开更多
Treatment of indolyl-3-aldimines（3-~tBuN=CH）C8H5NH with AlMe3 afforded the deprotonated indolyl aluminum complex cis-[（μ-η~1：η~1-3-~tBuN=CH）C8H5NAlMe2]2,and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray single...Treatment of indolyl-3-aldimines（3-~tBuN=CH）C8H5NH with AlMe3 afforded the deprotonated indolyl aluminum complex cis-[（μ-η~1：η~1-3-~tBuN=CH）C8H5NAlMe2]2,and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction.The crystal belongs to the orthorhombic system,space group P21212 with a = 14.590（9）,b = 15.860（2）,c = 13.266（8） A,μ=0.118 mm^（-1）,Mr = 512.64,V= 3069.5（3） A^3,Z = 4,Dc= 1.109 g/cm^3,F（000） = 1104,R= 0.0451 and wR = 0.0937 for 4978 observed reflections with I 2σ（I）.In addition,the title compound exhibited a high catalytic activity toward the addition of amines to carbodiimide to form guanidines.展开更多
Global warming is unequivocal, as is manifested in three internationally known global temperature records with the global average temperature rising at a rate of 0.70-0.75℃ per 100 years during 1910-2009 [Wen et al.,...Global warming is unequivocal, as is manifested in three internationally known global temperature records with the global average temperature rising at a rate of 0.70-0.75℃ per 100 years during 1910-2009 [Wen et al., 2011]. In other words, the earth has warmed more than 0.8℃ since the Industrial Revolution. If it is true that 2℃ above pre-industrial level is a threshold of climate ＂safety＂, we will have to confront a serious situation where less than 1.2℃ warmins is oermissible in the future [Liu et al.. 2011].展开更多
According to the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report （AR4） [IPCC, 2007], the global mean surface temperature in 2100 is projected to be 1.1-6.4℃ higher than the 1980 1999 mean state, with the best estimation of increase ...According to the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report （AR4） [IPCC, 2007], the global mean surface temperature in 2100 is projected to be 1.1-6.4℃ higher than the 1980 1999 mean state, with the best estimation of increase at 1.8-4.0℃. It should be noted that this is the projected range of increase rather than the so-called uncertainties in global warming projection. Specifically, 1.1℃ and 1.8℃ are the lower limit and the best estimation for the B1 emissions scenario （the low emissions scenario）, respectively; while 4.0℃ and 6.4℃ are the corresponding upper limit and the best estimation for the A1F1 emissions scenario （the high emissions scenario）. Therefore,展开更多
Equilibrium climate sensitivity （ECS） is usually defined as the global mean equilibrium temperature response to a doubling CO2 concentration of its preindustrial level in the atmosphere[Hegerl et al., 2007;Meehl et ...Equilibrium climate sensitivity （ECS） is usually defined as the global mean equilibrium temperature response to a doubling CO2 concentration of its preindustrial level in the atmosphere[Hegerl et al., 2007;Meehl et al., 2007].展开更多
The complex(C_5H_5)2 Yb(NC4H4)(OC_4H_8) crystallizes in orthorhombic system with space group Pnma and a=15.552(4),b=12.491(3),c=8. 711(3),V=1692. 2(7),Z=4 and Dc=1.733 g/cm3. Crystal study has shown that the molecule ...The complex(C_5H_5)2 Yb(NC4H4)(OC_4H_8) crystallizes in orthorhombic system with space group Pnma and a=15.552(4),b=12.491(3),c=8. 711(3),V=1692. 2(7),Z=4 and Dc=1.733 g/cm3. Crystal study has shown that the molecule has crystallographic mirror symmetry.The Yb(Ⅲ) has a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry.展开更多
This procedure specifies production area environment, production technology, prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests, and production files of pollution-free foods by taking tomato as an example. This...This procedure specifies production area environment, production technology, prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests, and production files of pollution-free foods by taking tomato as an example. This procedure is applicable to greenhouse production of pollution-free food in Shandong Province.展开更多
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(No.2010CB950104)
文摘The controversy between the IPCC and Non-governmental IPCC(NIPCC) on the attribution of global warming are reviewed.IPCC holds that today's global warming is mainly due to anthropogenic activities rather than natural variability,which is emphasized by NIPCC.The surface temperature observations since the mid-20th century support the hypothesis of anthropogenic impact,but for the last one hundred years or so,natural forcings such as solar activity, volcanic eruptions and thermohaline circulation variations also have had great influences on the Earth's climate,especially on inter-decadal timescales.In addition,evidence suggests that the Medieval Warm Period(MWP) and Little Ice Age (LIA) are closely associated with the solar activity over the past 1 thousand years.Over the past 10 thousand years, the North Atlantic cold events and solar activity are closely correlated.Nevertheless,the physical mechanisms of the solar-climate variability and interrelation are not well understood,yet.Notably,a prevailing view recently indicates that galactic cosmic rays may result in climatic cooling through modulating global low cloud cover.However,its process and mechanism need to be further investigated.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21372010,21372009)
文摘Treatment of indolyl-3-aldimines（3-~tBuN=CH）C8H5NH with AlMe3 afforded the deprotonated indolyl aluminum complex cis-[（μ-η~1：η~1-3-~tBuN=CH）C8H5NAlMe2]2,and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction.The crystal belongs to the orthorhombic system,space group P21212 with a = 14.590（9）,b = 15.860（2）,c = 13.266（8） A,μ=0.118 mm^（-1）,Mr = 512.64,V= 3069.5（3） A^3,Z = 4,Dc= 1.109 g/cm^3,F（000） = 1104,R= 0.0451 and wR = 0.0937 for 4978 observed reflections with I 2σ（I）.In addition,the title compound exhibited a high catalytic activity toward the addition of amines to carbodiimide to form guanidines.
基金funded by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2010CB950104)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No. 9-XDA05090104)
文摘Global warming is unequivocal, as is manifested in three internationally known global temperature records with the global average temperature rising at a rate of 0.70-0.75℃ per 100 years during 1910-2009 [Wen et al., 2011]. In other words, the earth has warmed more than 0.8℃ since the Industrial Revolution. If it is true that 2℃ above pre-industrial level is a threshold of climate ＂safety＂, we will have to confront a serious situation where less than 1.2℃ warmins is oermissible in the future [Liu et al.. 2011].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41005035)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA05080801 and XDA05090104)
文摘According to the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report （AR4） [IPCC, 2007], the global mean surface temperature in 2100 is projected to be 1.1-6.4℃ higher than the 1980 1999 mean state, with the best estimation of increase at 1.8-4.0℃. It should be noted that this is the projected range of increase rather than the so-called uncertainties in global warming projection. Specifically, 1.1℃ and 1.8℃ are the lower limit and the best estimation for the B1 emissions scenario （the low emissions scenario）, respectively; while 4.0℃ and 6.4℃ are the corresponding upper limit and the best estimation for the A1F1 emissions scenario （the high emissions scenario）. Therefore,
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41005035)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDA05080801 and XDA05090104)
文摘Equilibrium climate sensitivity （ECS） is usually defined as the global mean equilibrium temperature response to a doubling CO2 concentration of its preindustrial level in the atmosphere[Hegerl et al., 2007;Meehl et al., 2007].
文摘The complex(C_5H_5)2 Yb(NC4H4)(OC_4H_8) crystallizes in orthorhombic system with space group Pnma and a=15.552(4),b=12.491(3),c=8. 711(3),V=1692. 2(7),Z=4 and Dc=1.733 g/cm3. Crystal study has shown that the molecule has crystallographic mirror symmetry.The Yb(Ⅲ) has a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry.
基金Supported by the Project of Agricultural Standardization Committee of Shandong Province
文摘This procedure specifies production area environment, production technology, prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests, and production files of pollution-free foods by taking tomato as an example. This procedure is applicable to greenhouse production of pollution-free food in Shandong Province.
