文章以微生物学实验课程教学模式为研究对象,基于成果导向的教育(outcome based education,OBE)理念,从理论出发,梳理了课程主导思想及其知识框架;同时,围绕ADDIE教学模型中分析(Analyze)、设计(Design)、开发(Develop)、实施(Implement...文章以微生物学实验课程教学模式为研究对象,基于成果导向的教育(outcome based education,OBE)理念,从理论出发,梳理了课程主导思想及其知识框架;同时,围绕ADDIE教学模型中分析(Analyze)、设计(Design)、开发(Develop)、实施(Implement)和评价(Evaluate)五个环节,具体设计了实践课程教学过程,优化了实践教学内容,并形成了由基础模块和高阶模块构成的双模块实验教学模式。该模式以学生为中心,既强调基础技能的培养,又注重综合能力的提升,注重全方位调动学生的实践操作积极性,同时引入网络视频资源和虚拟仿真平台,以满足线上线下不同场景的学习要求。经过两轮实践,有效提高了学生在教学过程中的参与感,培养了学生的独立思考、团队协作、问题解决和科研创新等能力,取得了较好的学习效果。展开更多
Background Suppression of myostatin （MSTN） has been associated with skeletal muscle atrophy and insulin resistance （IR）.However,few studies link MSTN suppression by ladder-climbing training （LCT） and IR.Therefor...Background Suppression of myostatin （MSTN） has been associated with skeletal muscle atrophy and insulin resistance （IR）.However,few studies link MSTN suppression by ladder-climbing training （LCT） and IR.Therefore,we intended to identify the correlation with IR between LCT and to analyze the signaling pathways through which MSTN suppression by LCT regulates IR.Methods The rats were randomly assigned to two types of diet：normal pellet diet （NPD,n=8） and high-fat diet （HFD,n=16）.After 8 weeks,the HFD rats were randomly re-assigned to two groups （n=8 for each group）：HFD sedentary （HFD-S） and high-fat diet ladder-climbing training （HFD-LCT）.HFD-LCT rats were assigned to LCT for 8 weeks.Western blotting,immunohistochemistry and enzyme assays were used to measure expression levels and activities of MSTN,GLUT4,PI3K,Akt and Akt-activated targets （mTOR,FoxO1 and GSK-3β）.Results The LCT significantly improved IR and whole-body insulin sensitivity in HDF-fed rats.MSTN protein levels decreased in matching serum （42％,P=0.007） and muscle samples （25％,P=0.035） and its receptor mRNA expression also decreased （16％,P=0.041） from obese rats after LCT.But the mRNA expression of insulin receptor had no obvious changes in LCT group compared with NPD and HFD-S groups （P=0.074）.The ladder-climbing training significantly enhanced PI3K activity （1.7-fold,P=0.024） and Akt phosphorylation （83.3％,P=0.022） in HFD-fed rats,significantly increased GLUT4 protein expression （84.5％,P=-0.036）,enhanced phosphorylation of mTOR （4.8-fold,P ＜0.001） and inhibited phosphorylation of FoxO1 （57.7％,P=0.020）,but did not affect the phosphorylation of GSK-3β.Conclusions The LCT significantly reduced IR in diet-induced obese rats.MSTN may play an important role in regulating IR and fat accumulation by LCT via PI3K/Akt/mTOR and PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway in HFD-fed rats.展开更多
文摘文章以微生物学实验课程教学模式为研究对象,基于成果导向的教育(outcome based education,OBE)理念,从理论出发,梳理了课程主导思想及其知识框架;同时,围绕ADDIE教学模型中分析(Analyze)、设计(Design)、开发(Develop)、实施(Implement)和评价(Evaluate)五个环节,具体设计了实践课程教学过程,优化了实践教学内容,并形成了由基础模块和高阶模块构成的双模块实验教学模式。该模式以学生为中心,既强调基础技能的培养,又注重综合能力的提升,注重全方位调动学生的实践操作积极性,同时引入网络视频资源和虚拟仿真平台,以满足线上线下不同场景的学习要求。经过两轮实践,有效提高了学生在教学过程中的参与感,培养了学生的独立思考、团队协作、问题解决和科研创新等能力,取得了较好的学习效果。
基金This work was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.30900710 and 11274217）,Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China （No.2012JM3011）,Innovation Funds of Graduate Programs,SNNU （No.2013CXS026 and No.2012CXS036） and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities （No.GK201302042）.
文摘Background Suppression of myostatin （MSTN） has been associated with skeletal muscle atrophy and insulin resistance （IR）.However,few studies link MSTN suppression by ladder-climbing training （LCT） and IR.Therefore,we intended to identify the correlation with IR between LCT and to analyze the signaling pathways through which MSTN suppression by LCT regulates IR.Methods The rats were randomly assigned to two types of diet：normal pellet diet （NPD,n=8） and high-fat diet （HFD,n=16）.After 8 weeks,the HFD rats were randomly re-assigned to two groups （n=8 for each group）：HFD sedentary （HFD-S） and high-fat diet ladder-climbing training （HFD-LCT）.HFD-LCT rats were assigned to LCT for 8 weeks.Western blotting,immunohistochemistry and enzyme assays were used to measure expression levels and activities of MSTN,GLUT4,PI3K,Akt and Akt-activated targets （mTOR,FoxO1 and GSK-3β）.Results The LCT significantly improved IR and whole-body insulin sensitivity in HDF-fed rats.MSTN protein levels decreased in matching serum （42％,P=0.007） and muscle samples （25％,P=0.035） and its receptor mRNA expression also decreased （16％,P=0.041） from obese rats after LCT.But the mRNA expression of insulin receptor had no obvious changes in LCT group compared with NPD and HFD-S groups （P=0.074）.The ladder-climbing training significantly enhanced PI3K activity （1.7-fold,P=0.024） and Akt phosphorylation （83.3％,P=0.022） in HFD-fed rats,significantly increased GLUT4 protein expression （84.5％,P=-0.036）,enhanced phosphorylation of mTOR （4.8-fold,P ＜0.001） and inhibited phosphorylation of FoxO1 （57.7％,P=0.020）,but did not affect the phosphorylation of GSK-3β.Conclusions The LCT significantly reduced IR in diet-induced obese rats.MSTN may play an important role in regulating IR and fat accumulation by LCT via PI3K/Akt/mTOR and PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway in HFD-fed rats.
