Objective To elucidate the characteristics and metastastic pattern of skipping mediastinal lymph node metastasis (skipping N2) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and investigate reasonable extent of lymph node dis...Objective To elucidate the characteristics and metastastic pattern of skipping mediastinal lymph node metastasis (skipping N2) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and investigate reasonable extent of lymph node dissection. Methods From 1990 to 1998, lobectomy combined with systematic mediastinal lymph node dissection was performed in 109 patients with NSCLC. A retrospective study was carried out to elucidate the characteristics of skipping N2 disease and to compare the difference between skipping N2 and non-skipping N2 diseases. Results Twenty-one patients (19%) had skipping N2 diseases. Of the skipping N2 group, 18 cases (86%) were adenocarcinoma. Skipping N2 disease was more common in T1 and T2 group than that in T3 and T4 group (P<0.01). All skipping N2 diseases only involved one nodal station, and most of them were regional mediastinal nodal metastasis. Skipping N2 from upper lobe tumors mainly involved superior tracheobronchial or subaortic lymph nodes, and skipping N2 from lower lobe tumors involved subcarinal lymph nodes. Conclusion Skipping N2 disease presents certain clinical characteristics and metastastic pattern, and mediastinal nodal dissection might be modified according to the pattern.展开更多
The authors establish the approximations to the distribution of M-estimates in a linear model by the bootstrap and the linear representation of bootstrap M-estimation, and prove that the approximation is valid in prob...The authors establish the approximations to the distribution of M-estimates in a linear model by the bootstrap and the linear representation of bootstrap M-estimation, and prove that the approximation is valid in probability 1. A simulation is made to show the effects of bootstrap approximation, randomly weighted approximation and normal approximation.展开更多
文摘Objective To elucidate the characteristics and metastastic pattern of skipping mediastinal lymph node metastasis (skipping N2) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and investigate reasonable extent of lymph node dissection. Methods From 1990 to 1998, lobectomy combined with systematic mediastinal lymph node dissection was performed in 109 patients with NSCLC. A retrospective study was carried out to elucidate the characteristics of skipping N2 disease and to compare the difference between skipping N2 and non-skipping N2 diseases. Results Twenty-one patients (19%) had skipping N2 diseases. Of the skipping N2 group, 18 cases (86%) were adenocarcinoma. Skipping N2 disease was more common in T1 and T2 group than that in T3 and T4 group (P<0.01). All skipping N2 diseases only involved one nodal station, and most of them were regional mediastinal nodal metastasis. Skipping N2 from upper lobe tumors mainly involved superior tracheobronchial or subaortic lymph nodes, and skipping N2 from lower lobe tumors involved subcarinal lymph nodes. Conclusion Skipping N2 disease presents certain clinical characteristics and metastastic pattern, and mediastinal nodal dissection might be modified according to the pattern.
基金supported by Fund of 211 Program of SHUFEFund of Educational Committee of Shanghai
文摘The authors establish the approximations to the distribution of M-estimates in a linear model by the bootstrap and the linear representation of bootstrap M-estimation, and prove that the approximation is valid in probability 1. A simulation is made to show the effects of bootstrap approximation, randomly weighted approximation and normal approximation.
