有机化学实验的副产物分析引导实验创新与科研素养培育——以4-苯基丁-2-酮合成实验为例

用乙酰乙酸乙酯和氯化苄合成4-苯基丁-2-酮是经典的有机化学实验,但该实验的产率仅有20%–30%。本文记录了教师通过引导学生分离实验中的副产物,确定其为2,2-二苄基-3-氧代丁酸乙酯,并分析该副产物产生的原因,进而启发学生创新实验方案将产率提高至57.5%的过程。该教学实践不仅引导学生进行实验创新,而且培养了学生的科研素养。

The effect of anger on pulse-graph parameters in healthy college students:A pilot study

Objective:To explore the effect of anger on pulse parameters in healthy participants.Methods:Thirty healthy college students from Beijing University of Chinese Medicine were selected as volunteers.Each participant was asked to watch an anger-inducing film clip.Their discrete emotional dimensions were assessed by a self-report at three time points:10 minutes before watching the video(T1),the moment when the video ended(T2)and 15 minutes after the video ended(T3).Meanwhile,pulse-graph parameters(pulse tense,pulse force,pulse fluency,pulse rate and pulse rhythmicity)were recorded by a pulse apparatus at the same three time points.Results:The target emotion of anger was successfully elicited,and the participants also reported slight sadness and fear.After emotional elicitation,the participants showed significant changes in pulse tense,pulse force,pulse fluency and pulse rate.There was no significant change in pulse rhythm.

以Wallenberg综合征起病的椎动脉颅外段闭塞介入治疗探讨

目的探讨介入治疗对椎动脉颅外段闭塞引起的Wallenberg综合征(又称延髓背外侧综合征)的安全性和有效性。方法收集2022年9月至2023年1月在咸阳市第一人民医院(4例)和西电集团医院(2例)急诊介入再通的6例椎动脉颅外段闭塞引起的Wallenberg综合征患者的临床资料,回顾性分析患者的基本资料、术前症状、闭塞血管、血管再通分级、手术并发症、24 h临床症状及体征变化、90 d改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分等情况。结果6例发病时间:最短5 h,最长5 d;责任血管均为左侧椎动脉(VA);6例患者VA均获得开通,所有患者术后24 h头晕/眩晕等主观症状均明显减轻,1例在开通过程中发生血栓逃逸,采用中间导管抽吸后无症状。6例90 d mRS评分均预后良好。结论对于VA闭塞起始处急性闭塞引起的Wallenberg综合征急诊介入开通治疗安全可行,可明显减轻患者主观症状。