An Approach to Achieve Carbon Neutrality with Integrated Multi-Energy Technology

1.Introduction At the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly on 22 September 2020,President Xi Jinping pledged that China would peak its carbon emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060(hereinafter referred to as“peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality”).This statement indicated that China would contribute to the global community in order to aim toward a shared future for humankind and would establish a schedule for the promotion of green,low-carbon,and highquality development,which will benefit China’s overall and long-term development.China’s total carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions surpassed those of the United States in 2005,making China the world’s largest carbon emitter.Due to the nation’s rapid and sustained economic growth,China’s emissions reached 9.83 billion tonnes in 2019,accounting for 28.8%of the global total[1].

Mortality from cerebrovascular diseases in China:Exploration of recent and future trends

Background:Cerebrovascular disease(CVD)ranks among the foremost factors responsible for mortality on a global scale.The mortality patterns of CVDs and temporal trends in China need to be well-illustrated and updated.Methods:We collected mortality data on patients with CVD from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s Disease Surveillance Points(CDC-DSP)system.The mortality of CVD in 2020 was described by age,sex,residence,and region.The temporal trend from 2013 to 2019 was evaluated using joinpoint regression,and estimated rates of decline were extrapolated until 2030 using time series models.Results:In 2019,the age-standardized mortality in China(ASMRC)per 100,000 individuals was 113.2.The ASMRC for males(137.7/10^(5))and rural areas(123.0/10^(5))were both higher when stratified by gender and urban/rural residence.The central region had the highest mortality(126.5/10^(5)),the western region had a slightly lower mortality(123.5/10^(5)),and the eastern region had the lowest mortality(97.3/10^(5)).The age-specific mortality showed an accelerated upward trend from aged 55-59 years,with maximum mortality observed in individuals over 85 years of age.The age-standardized mortality of CVD decreased by 2.43%(95%confidence interval,1.02-3.81%)annually from 2013 to 2019.Notably,the age-specific mortality of CVD increased from 2013 to 2019 for the age group of over 85 years.In 2020,both the absolute number of CVD cases and the crude mortality of CVD have increased compared to their values in 2019.The estimated total deaths due to CVD were estimated to reach 2.3 million in 2025 and 2.4 million in 2030.Conclusion:The heightened focus on the burden of CVD among males,rural areas,the central and western of China,and individuals aged 75 years and above has emerged as a pivotal determinant in further decreasing mortalities,consequently presenting novel challenges to strategies for disease prevention and control.

Investigation of the characteristics and deactivation of catalytic active center of Cr-Al_2O_3 catalysts for isobutane dehydrogenation

Deactivation mechanism of Cr-Al2O3catalyst and the interaction of Cr-A1 in the dehydrogenation of isobutane, as well as the nature of the catalytic active center, were studied using XRD, SEM, XPS, H2-TPR, isobutane-TPR and TPO techniques. The results revealed that the deactivation of Cr-Al2O3 catalyst was mainly caused by carbon deposition on its surface. The Cr3＋ ion could not be reduced by hydrogen but could be reduced to Cr2＋ by hydrocarbons and monoxide carbon. The active center for isobutane dehydrogenation could be Cr2＋/Cr3＋ produced from Cr6＋ by the on line reduction of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide. The binding energy of Al3＋ was strongly affected by the state of chromium cations in the catalysts.

Heterogeneous Catalysis for CO_(2) Conversion into Chemicals and Fuels

Catalytic conversion of CO_(2)into chemicals and fuels is a viable method to reduce carbon emissions and achieve carbon neutrality.Through thermal catalysis,electrocatalysis,and photo(electro)catalysis,CO_(2)can be converted into a wide range of valuable products,including CO,formic acid,methanol,methane,ethanol,acetic acid,propanol,light olefi ns,aromatics,and gasoline,as well as fi ne chemicals.In this mini-review,we summarize the recent progress in heterogeneous catalysis for CO_(2)conversion into chemicals and fuels and highlight some representative studies of diff erent conversion routes.The structure-performance correlations of typical catalytic materials used for the CO_(2)conversion reactions have been revealed by combining advanced in situ/operando spectroscopy and microscopy characterizations and density functional theory cal-culations.Catalytic selectivity toward a single CO_(2)reduction product/fraction should be further improved at an industrially relevant CO_(2)conversion rate with considerable stability in the future.

“双碳”目标下化石能源低碳转化方向探讨

习近平总书记多次强调,“实现‘双碳’目标,不是别人让我们做,而是我们自己必须要做”.党的二十大报告进一步指出,对于我国,“推动经济社会发展绿色化、低碳化是实现高质量发展的关键环节”,“加快推动产业结构、能源结构、交通运输结构等调整优化”.“双碳”目标的提出,是我国以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的必然要求.

面向脉搏血氧监测系统的三元阳离子锡铅钙钛矿基高灵敏、快响应近红外光电探测器

血氧饱和度已成为继心电图、呼吸和血压后的一项用于健康评价的重要生理参数.本研究中,我们制备出高质量窄带隙三元阳离子Sn-Pb钙钛矿薄膜,该光电薄膜呈现择优的生长晶向,且光吸收截止边拓宽至961 nm.通过双界面层修饰,构建的PPPB(PEDOT:PSS/perovskite/PCBM/BCP)近红外光电探测器展现出增强的光电响应,极快的响应速度(373 ns),宽的线性动态范围(LDR=159 dB),高的比探测率(D*=1.56×10^(11)Jones),以及优异的光响应度(190 mA W^(−1)).基于器件出色的光电性能,我们探索并演示了该探测器在脉搏血氧仪系统中的应用,实现了对不同生理状态下心率和血氧饱和度的准确和非侵入性评估.本研究突显了三元阳离子锡铅钙钛矿光探测器在实时监测血氧饱和度和心率方面的应用潜力.

降低Cs3Bi2Br9钙钛矿光电探测器的电流波动用于宽动态范围漫反射成像

近年来,无机金属钙钛矿作为一种优秀的光电子材料,受到了全世界广泛的关注,被认为是一种理想的光电探测材料.然而,市场上并没有出现钙钛矿光电探测器的身影.这其中有两大重要原因:一是研究者大多集中于性能稳定的铅基钙钛矿材料,而铅是一种剧毒物质,对人体有害,因此无铅基钙钛矿是未来市场化的发展方向;二是以往的钙钛矿探测器成像方面的报道大多为透射式成像模式,而现实生活中漫反射成像设备更为常见(如照相机、扫描仪等),透射成像只适用于透明物体.鉴于这种情况,本文设计制作了一种无铅的Cs3Bi2Br9钙钛矿光电探测器,并建立了一种用于测试探测器性能的漫反射成像系统.更重要的是,本文提出一个很少有研究者关注但其实极其重要的物理参数来衡量光电探测器的电流波动.通过原子层沉积的方法降低了电流波动,使得检测到的光电流值变得更加可靠,从而得到更加清晰的漫反射图像.本文提出的Cs3Bi2Br9钙钛矿光电探测器解决了钙钛矿光电探测器市场化的两大障碍,可以扩展钙钛矿材料的应用范围,并提高了光电成像质量.

All-inorganic lead-free NiO_(x)/Cs_(3)Bi_(2)Br_(9) perovskite heterojunction photodetectors for ultraviolet multispectral imaging

Bismuth-based perovskites are considered to be promising candidates to substitute the toxic lead-based perovskite in optoelectronics due to their excellent optoelectronic properties,high environmental friendliness,and(moisture,light,and heat)stability.However,there are still few reports about high performance bismuth-based perovskite ultraviolet photodetectors,and is more lacking in ultraviolet imaging demonstration.Herein,we reported a self-powered NiO_(x)/Cs_(3)Bi_(2)Br_(9) heterojunction photodetector with excellent photodetection performance by electrochemical depositing NiOx as the hole transport layer.The optimized NiO_(x)/CsaBi_(2)Brg heterojunction photodetector exhibits excellent ultraviolet detection performance with a fast response speed of 3.04/4.65 ms,wide linear dynamic range of 116.6 dB,decent responsivity of 4.33 mA·W^(-1) at 0 V bias,and high detectivity of 1.3×10^(11) jones.The outstanding performance of the optimized NiO_(x)/Cs_(3)Bi_(2)Br_(9) heterojunction photodetector is enough to meet the high-quality ultraviolet imaging.Therefore,we further integrated the optimized NiO_(x)/Cs_(3)Bi_(2)Br_(9) heterojunction photodetector to the transmission mode ultraviolet multispectral imaging system,achieving admirable imaging results at weak light condition.This work will play a positive role in promoting the development of bismuth-based ultraviolet photodetection and ultraviolet multispectral imaging.

Roadmap for single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

In the near future,single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)is expected to expand the family of popular analytical tools for single-molecule characterization.We provide a roadmap for achieving single molecule SERS through different enhancement strategies for diverse applications.We introduce some characteristic features related to single-molecule SERS,such as Raman enhancement factor,intensity fluctuation,and data analysis.We then review recent strategies for enhancing the Raman signal intensities of single molecules,including electromagnetic enhancement,chemical enhancement,and resonance enhancement strategies.To demonstrate the utility of single-molecule SERS in practical applications,we present several examples of its use in various fields,including catalysis,imaging,and nanoelectronics.Finally,we specify current challenges in the development of single-molecule SERS and propose corresponding solutions.