Pharmacological effects of denervated muscle atrophy due to metabolic imbalance in different periods

Denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy can potentially cause the decline in the quality of life of patients and an increased risk of mortality.Complex pathophysiological mechanisms with dynamic alterations have been documented in skeletal muscle atrophy resulting from innervation loss.Hence,an in-depth comprehension of the key mechanisms and molecules governing skeletal muscle atrophy at varying stages,along with targeted treatment and protection,becomes essential for effective atrophy management.Our preliminary research categorizes the skeletal muscle atrophy process into four stages using microarray analysis.This review extensively discusses the pathways and molecules potentially implicated in regulating the four stages of denervation and muscle atrophy.Notably,drugs targeting the reactivare oxygen species stage and the inflammation stage assume critical roles.Timely intervention during the initial atrophy stages can expedite protection against skeletal muscle atrophy.Additionally,pharmaceutical intervention in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway associated with atrophy and autophagy lysosomes can effectively slow down skeletal muscle atrophy.Key molecules within this stage encompass MuRF1,MAFbx,LC3II,p62/SQSTM1,etc.This review also compiles a profile of drugs with protective effects against skeletal muscle atrophy at distinct postdenervation stages,thereby augmenting the evidence base for denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy treatment.

Residential Differentiation Based on Reachability and Spatial Clustering : A Case Study of the Main Urban Area of Wuhan City

The differentiation of urban residential space is a key and hot topic in urban research, which has very important theoretical significance for urban development and residential choice. In this paper, web crawler technology is used to collect urban big data. Using spatial analysis and clustering, the differentiation law of residential space in the main urban area of Wuhan is revealed. The residential differentiation is divided into five types: "Garden" community, "Guozi" community, "Wangjiangshan" community, "Yashe" community, and "Shuxin" community. The "Garden" community is aimed at the elderly, with good medical accessibility and open space around the community. The "Guozi Community" is aimed at young people, and the community has accessibility to good educational and commercial facilities. The "Wangjiangshan" community is oriented towards the social elite group, with beautiful natural living environment, close to the city core, and convenient transportation. The "Yashe" community is aimed at the general income group, and its location is characterized by being adjacent to commercial districts and convenient transportation. The "Shuxin" community is aimed at the middle and lower income groups, far from the city center, and the living environment quality is not high.

中远海运客滚船舵空泡的优化计算

针对舵空泡水池试验方法耗时长、费用高的问题。采用全尺度CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)仿真计算指导舵型优化,并通过舵空泡评估计算,达到减少水池试验次数和费用的目的。

聚合物/氮化硼复合导热材料研究进展

随着电子信息技术的发展,电子器件逐步趋于小型化、高功率与高密度集成化,其散热问题成为保障器件可靠性运转的关键。目前,聚合物材料由于成本低,成型工艺完善等优势,成为高性能导热材料研究重点。受制于聚合物较低的本征热导率,以高导热六方氮化硼(h-BN)作为填料改性的聚合物/BN复合材料,因兼具高导热性能与电气绝缘的双重优势,最有潜力解决电子器件高效散热问题。文中从h-BN片层剥离、表面改性及在基体中的取向排列等方面,介绍聚合物/BN复合导热材料近年来的研究进展。

Comparison of the hygrothermal performance of two light-framed timber structure buildings under different operation modes

Light-framed timber structure(LTS)buildings have been highly valued in recent years due to their low-carbon characteristics.However,the applicability of the building envelope is closely related to indoor and outdoor conditions.The hot summer and cold winter(HSCW)climate zone in China has high humidity and great temperature variation throughout the year,resulting in distinct outdoor environments in different seasons.The indoor environment is greatly affected by energy-consumption patterns and window-opening habits,which largely depend upon the regulation operations of occupants.All these interrelated factors lead to extremely complex boundary conditions on each side of the building envelope.Whether the structures of LTS buildings are applicable in this climate zone,therefore,needs to be carefully considered.In this study,two LTS buildings with different envelopes were established in Haining,China,situated in the HSCW climate zone,and selected as the study objects.Different operation modes were adopted to create a variety of indoor environments.Under each condition,the processes of heat and moisture transfer within the building envelopes and the indoor environment were monitored and compared.The comparison indicated that the building envelope with high moisture storage and insulation ability maintained a relatively stable indoor environment,especially when the environment changed abruptly.Conversely,if the outdoor environment was equable(e.g.,relative humidity within the range of 30%–60%)or intermittent energy consumption modes were adopted,the building envelope with a low thermal inertia index and weak moisture-buffering ability performed better because it enabled a faster response of the indoor environment to air conditioning.Moreover,a high risk of moisture accumulation between the thermal insulation layer and other materials with a large water vapour transfer resistance factor was also identified,suggesting a higher requirement for the vapour insulation of the envelopes of LTS buildings.

lncR-GAS5 upregulates the splicing factor SRSF10 to impair endothelial autophagy,leading to atherogenesis

Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)play a critical role in the regulation of atherosclerosis.Here,we investigated the role of the lncRNA growth arrest-specific 5(lncR-GAS5)in atherogenesis.We found that the enforced expression of lncR-GAS5 contributed to the development of atherosclerosis,which presented as increased plaque size and reduced collagen content.Moreover,impaired autophagy was observed,as shown by a decreased LC3II/LC3I protein ratio and an elevated P62 level in lncR-GAS5-overexpressing human aortic endothelial cells.By contrast,lncR-GAS5 knockdown promoted autophagy.Moreover,serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 10(SRSF10)knockdown increased the LC3II/LC3I ratio and decreased the P62 level,thus enhancing the formation of autophagic vacuoles,autolysosomes,and autophagosomes.Mechanistically,lncR-GAS5 regulated the downstream splicing factor SRSF10 to impair autophagy in the endothelium,which was reversed by the knockdown of SRSF10.Further results revealed that overexpression of the lncR-GAS5-targeted gene miR-193-5p promoted autophagy and autophagic vacuole accumulation by repressing its direct target gene,SRSF10.Notably,miR-193-5p overexpression decreased plaque size and increased collagen content.Altogether,these findings demonstrate that lncR-GAS5 partially contributes to atherogenesis and plaque instability by impairing endothelial autophagy.In conclusion,lncR-GAS5 overexpression arrested endothelial autophagy through the miR-193-5p/SRSF10 signaling pathway.Thus,miR-193-5p/SRSF10 may serve as a novel treatment target for atherosclerosis.

Transmission risk of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Global evidence on the transmission of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection needs to be synthesized.Methods:A search of 4 electronic databases(PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science databases)as of January 24,2021 was performed.Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines were followed.Studies which reported the transmission rate among close contacts with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 cases were included,and transmission activities occurred were considered.The trans-mission rates were pooled by zero-inflated beta distribution.The risk ratios(RRs)were calculated using random-effects models.Results:Of 4923 records retrieved and reviewed,15 studies including 3917 close contacts with asymptomatic indexes were eligible.The pooled transmission rates were 1.79 per 100 person-days(or 1.79%,95%confidence interval[CI]0.41%-3.16%)by asymptomatic index,which is significantly lower than by presymptomatic(5.02%,95%CI 2.37%-7.66%;p<0.001),and by symptomatic(5.27%,95%CI 2.40%-8.15%;p<0.001).Subgroup anal-yses showed that the household transmission rate of asymptomatic index was(4.22%,95%CI 0.91%-7.52%),four times significantly higher than non-household transmission(1.03%,95%CI 0.73%-1.33%;p=0.03),and the asymptomatic transmission rate in China(1.82%,95%CI 0.11%-3.53%)was lower than in other countries(2.22%,95%CI 0.67%-3.77%;p=0.01).Conclusions:People with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection are at risk of transmitting the virus to their close contacts,particularly in household settings.The transmission potential of asymptomatic infection is lower than symptomatic and presymptomatic infections.This meta-analysis provides evidence for predict-ing the epidemic trend and promulgating vaccination and other control measures.Registered with PROS-PERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews,CRD42021269446;https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=269446.