目的对比加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)方案和常规康复外科(conventional recovery after surgery,CRAS)方案在腹腔镜泌尿外科上尿路手术中的安全性和有效性。方法收集本中心2016年6月至2017年9月行腹腔镜泌尿外...目的对比加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)方案和常规康复外科(conventional recovery after surgery,CRAS)方案在腹腔镜泌尿外科上尿路手术中的安全性和有效性。方法收集本中心2016年6月至2017年9月行腹腔镜泌尿外科上尿路手术治疗的患者共62例,其中2016年6月至2017年5月,33例采用CRAS方案,2017年5月至2017年9月29例采用ERAS方案。两组患者年龄、体质量指数、中位查尔森合并症指数、中位麻醉评分及术前实验室检查等差异均无统计学意义。对两组患者的围术期资料和术后30 d内的合并症进行比较。结果所有手术均顺利完成。两组患者在术中入晶体液量[1 000(525~1 100) mL vs 1 100(1 000~1 350) mL]、术中入胶体液量[500(500~500) mL vs 500(500~1 000) mL]、胃管拔出时间[0 d vs 1(1~1) d]、恢复普食时间[1(1~2) d vs 2(1~3) d]差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。在手术时间、术中出血量、引流管拔出时间、术后住院时间、腹腔镜术式构成比例等方面均差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。ERAS方案组和CRAS方案组分别有3例(10. 3%)和5例(15. 2%) Clavien-Dindo 1级合并症,差异不具有统计学意义(P=0. 573)。两组均无患者术后再入院。结论 ERAS方案对比CRAS方案可以在不增加合并症的基础上缩短患者恢复普通饮食时间,推进患者术后康复,在腹腔镜泌尿外科上尿路手术中的应用是安全和可行的,但还需要大样本量随机对照研究进行全面评估。展开更多
目的探讨围术期加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery, ERAS)在腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术患者麻醉管理中的应用效果及对患者术后疼痛及恢复质量的改善作用。方法 2016年6月至2018年3月行腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术治疗患者70例,男57例,...目的探讨围术期加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery, ERAS)在腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术患者麻醉管理中的应用效果及对患者术后疼痛及恢复质量的改善作用。方法 2016年6月至2018年3月行腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术治疗患者70例,男57例,女13例,年龄18~75岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为两组:ERAS组(E组,n=31)和对照组(C组,n=39)。ERAS组基本要素包括:术前积极宣教、取消常规肠道准备、术前2h摄入含糖饮料、术中体温监测、优化液体管理、避免或减少放置引流、多模式镇痛、术后早期进食及下床活动等。记录术后2、6、12、24 h VAS评分及PCIA有效按压次数以及术后引流管拔管时间、胃管拔除时间、首次排气时间、首次下地时间、首次普食时间和术后住院时间。结果与C组比较,E组术中瑞芬太尼用量明显减少(P<0.01),术后2、6、12和24 h VAS评分明显降低,术后24 h内有效按压次数明显减少(P<0.05);E组术后引流管拔管时间、胃管拔除时间、首次排气时间、首次下地时间和首次普食时间明显缩短(P<0.05);E组术后恶心呕吐发生率明显降低(P<0.05)。两组术后住院时间差异无统计学意义。结论在行腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术的患者围术期麻醉管理中实施ERAS策略可以明显改善术后恢复质量。展开更多
泌尿外科专业临床实践教学是研究生逐渐过渡成为一名临床医生的关键时刻。由于泌尿外科研究生临床实践时间有限以及对临床知识理解和应用的局限性,如何更好地让研究生开展临床工作是目前临床带教中最为关键的问题之一。加速康复外科(enh...泌尿外科专业临床实践教学是研究生逐渐过渡成为一名临床医生的关键时刻。由于泌尿外科研究生临床实践时间有限以及对临床知识理解和应用的局限性,如何更好地让研究生开展临床工作是目前临床带教中最为关键的问题之一。加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)是通过多模式,多学科的方式,在围手术期采用一系列经循证医学证实的有效的优化处理措施,以减轻患者治疗过程中生理和心理方面的应激,实际上是将分散的临床管理重点整合成标准化的操作流程。本文探讨通过教授ERAS理念让研究生掌握围手术期管理重点,在临床工作中形成系统的程序化的思维,逐步培养研究生的临床思维和沟通能力,提高临床实践能力和自信心,在参与临床研究的过程中促进临床科研思维的建立,有利于泌尿外科专业人才的培养。以ERAS理念提高泌尿外科研究生的临床实践能力,最终使泌尿外科研究生综合能力得以全面提升。展开更多
We investigated the expression of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) in human and rat lower urinary tract (including bladder, prostate and urethra) tissues, and we sought to determine whether H2S induces relaxation of human ...We investigated the expression of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) in human and rat lower urinary tract (including bladder, prostate and urethra) tissues, and we sought to determine whether H2S induces relaxation of human and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat bladder strips. Human normal lower urinary tract tissue was obtained for the evaluation of endogenous H2S productivity using a sulphide-sensitive electrode and for the analysis of the expression levels of all three synthases of endogenous H2S, cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine y lyase (CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphur transferase (MPST, as known as 3-MST) by Western blot assay. CBS, CSE and MPST were located in human sample slides by immunohistochemistry. Human and male adult SD rat bladder strips were tested for H2S function with a transducer and recorded. All experiments were repeated six times. The endogenous H2S productivity and the H2S synthases had various distributions in the human and rat lower urinary tract tissues and were located in both epithelial and stromal sections. L-cysteine (L-Cys, a substrate of CBS, CSE and MPST) elicited relaxation in a dose-dependent manner on human bladder strips ere-contracted by acetylcholine chloride. This effect could be diminished by the ATe-sensitive potassium ion (KATe) channel blocker glibenclamide (GLB), the CSE inhibitor DL-propargylglycine (PEG) and the CBS inhibitor hydroxylamine (HA). H2S and its three synthases were present in the human and rat lower urinary tract tissues and relaxed human and rat bladder strips, which implied that endogenous H2S might play a role in physiological function and pathological disorders of the lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) or overactive bladder (OAB).展开更多
With the development and introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)in cancer patients,immune-related side effects have increasingly attracted attention.However,the risks of immune-related renal toxicity are po...With the development and introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)in cancer patients,immune-related side effects have increasingly attracted attention.However,the risks of immune-related renal toxicity are poorly characterized.In this study,we performed a network meta-analysis(NMA)of ICI-related randomized clinical trials(RCTs)to elucidate the comparative risk of acute kidney injury(AKI)in cancer patients receiving different ICIs.We also sought to identify other factors potentially affecting the risk of AKI.PubMed and EMBASE were searched for peer-reviewed trial reports published between January 2000 and May 2021.Eligible studies were RCTs studying ICIs in cancer patients and reporting AKI data.We performed a frequentist NMA to evaluate the risk ratios for grade 1-5 and grade 3-5 AKI between the treatment groups.We also assessed the absolute incidence of AKI in the ICI-containing arm using traditional direct meta-analysis.Once significant heterogeneity was detected in a traditional direct meta-analysis,multivariable meta-regression analysis was applied to identify factors that significantly affected the absolute incidence of AKI.A total of 85 RCTs were included in this study.In the NMA for the risk of grade 1-5 and 3-5 AKI,ipilimumab showed a significantly higher risk than avelumab and durvalumab,whereas 1 mg/kg nivolumab plus 3 mg/kg ipilimumab(N1I3)showed a significantly higher risk than other groups.In terms of treatment ranking,durvalumab±low-dose tremelimumab and avelumab were consistently among the top three safest treatments for grade 1-5 or 3-5 AKI,whereas N1I3,ipilimumab and tremelimumab were consistently among the top three treatments with the highest risk for grade 1-5 or 3-5 AKI.Compared with other cancers,renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma showed a significantly higher risk of AKI.The incidence of AKI was significantly higher with ICI+chemotherapy than with ICI monotherapy.In this NMA involving largescale up-to-date ICI trials,we demonstrated the comparative safety of existing ICI drugs for grade 1-5 and grade 3-5 AKI.Based on data from the ICI arms of these trials,we also revealed several potential risk factors for immune-related AKI,including tumor type and treatment paradigm.展开更多
文摘目的对比加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)方案和常规康复外科(conventional recovery after surgery,CRAS)方案在腹腔镜泌尿外科上尿路手术中的安全性和有效性。方法收集本中心2016年6月至2017年9月行腹腔镜泌尿外科上尿路手术治疗的患者共62例,其中2016年6月至2017年5月,33例采用CRAS方案,2017年5月至2017年9月29例采用ERAS方案。两组患者年龄、体质量指数、中位查尔森合并症指数、中位麻醉评分及术前实验室检查等差异均无统计学意义。对两组患者的围术期资料和术后30 d内的合并症进行比较。结果所有手术均顺利完成。两组患者在术中入晶体液量[1 000(525~1 100) mL vs 1 100(1 000~1 350) mL]、术中入胶体液量[500(500~500) mL vs 500(500~1 000) mL]、胃管拔出时间[0 d vs 1(1~1) d]、恢复普食时间[1(1~2) d vs 2(1~3) d]差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。在手术时间、术中出血量、引流管拔出时间、术后住院时间、腹腔镜术式构成比例等方面均差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。ERAS方案组和CRAS方案组分别有3例(10. 3%)和5例(15. 2%) Clavien-Dindo 1级合并症,差异不具有统计学意义(P=0. 573)。两组均无患者术后再入院。结论 ERAS方案对比CRAS方案可以在不增加合并症的基础上缩短患者恢复普通饮食时间,推进患者术后康复,在腹腔镜泌尿外科上尿路手术中的应用是安全和可行的,但还需要大样本量随机对照研究进行全面评估。
文摘目的探讨围术期加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery, ERAS)在腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术患者麻醉管理中的应用效果及对患者术后疼痛及恢复质量的改善作用。方法 2016年6月至2018年3月行腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术治疗患者70例,男57例,女13例,年龄18~75岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为两组:ERAS组(E组,n=31)和对照组(C组,n=39)。ERAS组基本要素包括:术前积极宣教、取消常规肠道准备、术前2h摄入含糖饮料、术中体温监测、优化液体管理、避免或减少放置引流、多模式镇痛、术后早期进食及下床活动等。记录术后2、6、12、24 h VAS评分及PCIA有效按压次数以及术后引流管拔管时间、胃管拔除时间、首次排气时间、首次下地时间、首次普食时间和术后住院时间。结果与C组比较,E组术中瑞芬太尼用量明显减少(P<0.01),术后2、6、12和24 h VAS评分明显降低,术后24 h内有效按压次数明显减少(P<0.05);E组术后引流管拔管时间、胃管拔除时间、首次排气时间、首次下地时间和首次普食时间明显缩短(P<0.05);E组术后恶心呕吐发生率明显降低(P<0.05)。两组术后住院时间差异无统计学意义。结论在行腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术的患者围术期麻醉管理中实施ERAS策略可以明显改善术后恢复质量。
文摘泌尿外科专业临床实践教学是研究生逐渐过渡成为一名临床医生的关键时刻。由于泌尿外科研究生临床实践时间有限以及对临床知识理解和应用的局限性,如何更好地让研究生开展临床工作是目前临床带教中最为关键的问题之一。加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)是通过多模式,多学科的方式,在围手术期采用一系列经循证医学证实的有效的优化处理措施,以减轻患者治疗过程中生理和心理方面的应激,实际上是将分散的临床管理重点整合成标准化的操作流程。本文探讨通过教授ERAS理念让研究生掌握围手术期管理重点,在临床工作中形成系统的程序化的思维,逐步培养研究生的临床思维和沟通能力,提高临床实践能力和自信心,在参与临床研究的过程中促进临床科研思维的建立,有利于泌尿外科专业人才的培养。以ERAS理念提高泌尿外科研究生的临床实践能力,最终使泌尿外科研究生综合能力得以全面提升。
基金We thank Professor Jun-Bao Du for providing experimental suggestions and advice, and our study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30571851 to Jie Jill, No. 81201527 to Hui Guo).
文摘We investigated the expression of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) in human and rat lower urinary tract (including bladder, prostate and urethra) tissues, and we sought to determine whether H2S induces relaxation of human and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat bladder strips. Human normal lower urinary tract tissue was obtained for the evaluation of endogenous H2S productivity using a sulphide-sensitive electrode and for the analysis of the expression levels of all three synthases of endogenous H2S, cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine y lyase (CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphur transferase (MPST, as known as 3-MST) by Western blot assay. CBS, CSE and MPST were located in human sample slides by immunohistochemistry. Human and male adult SD rat bladder strips were tested for H2S function with a transducer and recorded. All experiments were repeated six times. The endogenous H2S productivity and the H2S synthases had various distributions in the human and rat lower urinary tract tissues and were located in both epithelial and stromal sections. L-cysteine (L-Cys, a substrate of CBS, CSE and MPST) elicited relaxation in a dose-dependent manner on human bladder strips ere-contracted by acetylcholine chloride. This effect could be diminished by the ATe-sensitive potassium ion (KATe) channel blocker glibenclamide (GLB), the CSE inhibitor DL-propargylglycine (PEG) and the CBS inhibitor hydroxylamine (HA). H2S and its three synthases were present in the human and rat lower urinary tract tissues and relaxed human and rat bladder strips, which implied that endogenous H2S might play a role in physiological function and pathological disorders of the lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) or overactive bladder (OAB).
基金National Key R&D Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2020AAA0109500National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:82030025,32100631,82003269,82122053+3 种基金Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the China Association for Science and Technology,Grant/Award Number:YESS20210056CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences,Grant/Award Number:2021-I2M-1-067Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Grant/Award Number:2021-PT310-001Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,Grant/Award Number:2021B0101420005。
文摘With the development and introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)in cancer patients,immune-related side effects have increasingly attracted attention.However,the risks of immune-related renal toxicity are poorly characterized.In this study,we performed a network meta-analysis(NMA)of ICI-related randomized clinical trials(RCTs)to elucidate the comparative risk of acute kidney injury(AKI)in cancer patients receiving different ICIs.We also sought to identify other factors potentially affecting the risk of AKI.PubMed and EMBASE were searched for peer-reviewed trial reports published between January 2000 and May 2021.Eligible studies were RCTs studying ICIs in cancer patients and reporting AKI data.We performed a frequentist NMA to evaluate the risk ratios for grade 1-5 and grade 3-5 AKI between the treatment groups.We also assessed the absolute incidence of AKI in the ICI-containing arm using traditional direct meta-analysis.Once significant heterogeneity was detected in a traditional direct meta-analysis,multivariable meta-regression analysis was applied to identify factors that significantly affected the absolute incidence of AKI.A total of 85 RCTs were included in this study.In the NMA for the risk of grade 1-5 and 3-5 AKI,ipilimumab showed a significantly higher risk than avelumab and durvalumab,whereas 1 mg/kg nivolumab plus 3 mg/kg ipilimumab(N1I3)showed a significantly higher risk than other groups.In terms of treatment ranking,durvalumab±low-dose tremelimumab and avelumab were consistently among the top three safest treatments for grade 1-5 or 3-5 AKI,whereas N1I3,ipilimumab and tremelimumab were consistently among the top three treatments with the highest risk for grade 1-5 or 3-5 AKI.Compared with other cancers,renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma showed a significantly higher risk of AKI.The incidence of AKI was significantly higher with ICI+chemotherapy than with ICI monotherapy.In this NMA involving largescale up-to-date ICI trials,we demonstrated the comparative safety of existing ICI drugs for grade 1-5 and grade 3-5 AKI.Based on data from the ICI arms of these trials,we also revealed several potential risk factors for immune-related AKI,including tumor type and treatment paradigm.