武南河立交枢纽关键技术研究与应用

结合武南河立交枢纽工程实例,提出一种新型闸泵涵共体式设计思路,在此基础上运用三维有限元数值仿真技术,对新型结构的应力应变、位移沉降、水力衔接等进行了方案优化。成功解决了在条件复杂、空间狭小的场区内布置多功能水利枢纽的难题。所提出的共体式结构布置型式给类似工程的设计提供了一种新理念,具有参考价值。

Trends in the Mincerian Rates of Return to Education in Urban China:1989-2009

This study examines the trends in the Mincerian rates of return(MRRs)to education in urban China between 1989 and 2009 using two sources of data:the China Urban Household Survey and the China Health and Nutrition Survey,and attempts to explain the underlying causes of the trends.The authors find that while the rates of return to education had been rising steadily since 1992 in urban China,a trend consistent with earlier studies,they have stagnated and even shown a statistically insignificant and very small decline between 2004 and 2009.Using the conceptual framework of supply,demand and institution in labor economics,the authors show evidence that the rapid rise in MRRs since 1992 has been driven by the strong relative demand for skills and productivity unleashed by the market-oriented economic reforms of the late 1980s and 1990s when relative supply of skilled labor was by and large stable.However,the“great leap forward”in senior secondary and tertiary education since the late 1990s produced huge numbers of graduates by the mid-2000s,outpacing the growth of relative demand for skilled labor due to the economy’s overdependence on low value-added industries such as manufacturing and construction.The apparent slowdown in the deepening of marketization since the mid-2000s may have also contributed to the stagnation or slight decline in the returns to education in urban China.

When Students Become“Prisoners”:A Game Theory Analysis of Internship by Beijing College Students

Purpose-The oversupply of college graduates and increasing competition in the Chinese urban labor market have forced college students to undertake internships much earlier and to a greater intensity in the hope of boosting their employment prospects.It may be argued that the considerable time and energy thus spent on internships is deleterious to their university studies.The paper considers the factors that determine the intensity of an internship experience.Design/Approach/Methods-Building on a Cobb-Douglas utility function,the paper constructs a Prisoners’Dilemma game to model the internship behavior of Chinese college students,and then examines the determinants of internship using data from a 2011 survey of approximately 10,000 Chinese college students from 47 higher education institutions in the Beijing metropolitan area and multivariate regression analysis.Findings-Empirical results confirm three key hypotheses derived from our model:first,students’perceptions of higher differentials across available jobs in the labor market entice them to intern excessively;second,the improving quality of college teaching and the consequent benefit for knowledge acquisition mitigates the need for excessive internship;third,student preferences for fundamental knowledge acquisition also tilts the balance towards more study and less internship.Originality/Value-These findings suggest that in the context of a tight graduate labor market,improving the quality of college teaching provides a viable alternative to excessive internship by students.

Crossing the Rivers by Touching the Stones:Alternative Approaches in Technical and Vocational Education and Training From the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of Korea

Purpose:This study aims to answer the following questions:(1)Why have attempts to transplant Western vocational education models failed?(2)Is there anything we can learn from the experiences of Eastern Asian countries when developing their own vocational education models?Design/Approach/Methods:This study reviews the history of transplanting Western skill formation schemes into developing countries,an often-failed die-hard practice supported by both bilateral and multilateral donors.Findings:Our findings suggest that developing countries should design their technical and vocational education and training systems based on their unique cultural,sociological,and economic contexts.It offers two alternative pathways based on the experiences of the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of Korea.Originality/Value:These East Asian examples could broaden the perspectives of policymakers in developing countries aspiring to develop functional skill formation schemes.

Are Confucius Institutes Building Blocks or Stumbling Blocks for Foreign Students in China: An Empirical Study of 190 Countries (1999–2015)

Purpose:This study investigates the impact of Confucius Institutes on China’s international education initiatives.First,it examines whether the establishment of Confucius Institutes has a gravitational effect on the scale of foreign students coming to China.Second,it discerns whether there are any association between the establishment of Confucius Institutes and the attributes of foreign students based on the type of program they select.Third,it identifies whether there are any differences in the impact of Confucius Institutes based on constraints such as the number of foreign students,income levels,cultural distance,and geographical endowment.Design/Approach/Methods:Based on the trade gravity model and the push–pull theory,we estimated a two-way fixed-effects model using panel data of all source countries from 1999 to 2015.Findings:Results show that Confucius Institutes have helped China attract more foreign students on Chinese government scholarships,with each Institute increasing such enrolment by 1.3%.However,Confucius Institutes have resulted in a drop in the total number of foreign students studying in China,especially nondegree students.This substitution effect means that the Institutes actually help China improve the composition of its foreign students.Further heterogeneity analysis shows that the substitution effect is primarily driven by the main source countries.Accordingly,this study suggests that China should establish more Confucius Institutes in Africa and Eastern Europe to maximize the catalyzing effect of Confucius Institutes.Originality/Value:In contrast to previous studies on foreign scholarship in China,this study examines all 190 source countries from 1999 to 2015.This comprehensive study also explores the heterogeneous effects of foreign students on trade across economic,cultural,and geographical domains.