Precore/basal core promoter mutants quantification throughout phases of hepatitis B virus infection by Simpleprobe

AIM:To investigate precore/basal core promoter(PC/BCP) mutants throughout hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection and to determine their relationship to hepatitis B early antigen(HBeA g) titers.METHODS:We enrolled 191 patients in various stages of HBV infection at the Huashan Hospital and the Taizhou Municipal Hospital from 2010 to 2012.None of the patients received antiviral therapy.HBV DNA from serum,was quantified by real-time PCR.The HBV genotype was determined by direct sequencing of the S gene.We used the Simpleprobe ultrasensitivequantitative method to detect PC/BCP mutants in each patient.We compared the strain number,percentage,and the changes in PC/BCP mutants in different phases,and analyzed the relationship between PC/BCP mutants and HBe Ag by multiple linear regression and logistic regression.RESULTS:Patients with HBV infection(n = 191) were assigned to groups by phase:Immune tolerance(IT) = 55,Immune clearance(IC) = 67,Low-replicative(LR) = 49,and HBeA g-negative hepatitis(ENH) = 20.Of the patients(male,112; female,79) enrolled,122 were HBe Ag-positive and 69 were HBe Ag-negative.The median age was 33 years(range:18-78 years).PC and BCP mutation detection rates were 84.82%(162/191) and 96.86%(185/191),respectively.In five HBe Ag-negative cases,we detected double mutation G1896A/G1899 A.The logarithm value of PC mutant quantities(log10 PC) significantly differed in IT,IC,and LR phases,as well as in the ENH phase(F = 49.350,P < 0.001).The logarithm value of BCP mutant quantities(log10 BCP) also differed during the four phases(F = 25.530,P < 0.001).Log10 PC and log10 BCP values were high in the IT and IC phases,decreased in the LR phase,and increased in the ENH phase,although the absolute value at this point remained lower than that in the IT and IC phases.PC mutant quantity per total viral load(PC%) and BCP mutant quantity per total viral load(BCP%) differed between phases(F = 20.040,P < 0.001; F = 10.830,P < 0.001),with PC% and BCP% gradually increasing in successive phases.HBeA g titers negatively correlated with PC%(Spearman's rho =-0.354,P < 0.001) and BCP%(Spearman's rho =-0.395,P < 0.001).The negative correlation between PC% and HBeA g status was significant(B =-5.281,P = 0.001),but there was no such correlation between BCP% and HBeA g status(B =-0.523,P = 0.552).CONCLUSION:PC/BCP mutants become predominant in a dynamic and continuous process.Log10 PC,log10 BCP,PC% and BCP% might be combined to evaluate disease progression.PC% determines HBeA g status.

聚酰胺6/聚乙二醇/ZnO复合材料的制备与性能

以己内酰胺、聚乙二醇1000(PEG1000)、ZnO为原料,6-氨基己酸为开环剂,钛酸四丁酯为催化剂制备了PA6/PEG/ZnO复合材料,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱和X射线衍射对复合材料的分子结构进行了表征,并对复合材料的力学性能和流变可纺性进行了研究。结果表明,添加ZnO使复合材料的晶粒由α相转化为小尺寸的γ相;材料的热分解温度没有显著变化,均高于聚酰胺6 (PA6)的加工温度;通过对复合材料的流变测试得知该复合材料属于切力变稀流体,具有可纺性;当ZnO含量为10%时,断裂强度提高了55.7%,复合材料的力学性能显著提高。PA6/PEG/ZnO复合材料具有一定的工业应用价值。

木浆纤维素氨基甲酸酯法再生纤维素纤维的制备及性能

使用木浆粕和尿素为原料,以廉价的高沸点非质子极性溶剂N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为介质通过固液相法制备了纤维素氨基甲酸酯(CC)。以NaOH为溶剂,采用低温溶解法溶解所制备的CC,通过湿法纺丝在常规黏胶长丝装置上成功制得再生纤维素纤维(CC纤维)。采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、核磁共振、扫描电镜等对纤维进行了表征。并对纤维的力学性能和吸湿性能进行了研究。结果表明,所制备的CC纤维在力学性能和吸湿性能上较已经工业生产的黏胶和Lyocell纤维相差并不太大,后续有望通过改进纺丝工艺达到工业使用标准。因此,通过氨基甲酸酯法制备再生纤维素纤维提供了一种简便且环境友好的方法来克服传统再生纤维素生产工艺的缺陷。

Management of granulomatous lobular mastitis: an international multidisciplinary consensus(2021 edition)

Granulomatous lobular mastitis(GLM) is a rare and chronic benign inflammatory disease of the breast. Difficulties exist in the management of GLM for many front-line surgeons and medical specialists who care for patients with inflammatory disorders of the breast. This consensus is summarized to establish evidence-based recommendations for the management of GLM. Literature was reviewed using PubMed from January 1, 1971 to July 31, 2020. Sixty-six international experienced multidisciplinary experts from 11 countries or regions were invited to review the evidence.Levels of evidence were determined using the American College of Physicians grading system, and recommendations were discussed until consensus. Experts discussed and concluded 30 recommendations on historical definitions,etiology and predisposing factors, diagnosis criteria, treatment, clinical stages, relapse and recurrence of GLM. GLM was recommended as a widely accepted definition. In addition, this consensus introduced a new clinical stages and management algorithm for GLM to provide individual treatment strategies. In conclusion, diagnosis of GLM depends on a combination of history, clinical manifestations, imaging examinations, laboratory examinations and pathology.The approach to treatment of GLM should be applied according to the different clinical stage of GLM. This evidencebased consensus would be valuable to assist front-line surgeons and medical specialists in the optimal management of GLM.

Hepatitis B virus infection and genotype in asymptomatic people from 10 ethnic groups in Yunnan, China

AIM: To evaluate the infection and genotype distribution of hepatitis B virus(HBV) in ethnic groups in Yunnan, China.METHODS: Two thousand five hundred and eightyfour asymptomatic local people from 10 ethnic groups were investigated in Yunnan, China. Infection and genotype distribution were evaluated by serological and genetic methods. Genotyping was verified by sequencing. Ethnic genotype distribution was compared by proportion test. RESULTS: Four types of infection model based on HBV serum markers were identified, and the average HBV infection rate was 5.7% in those asymptomatic local people. The genotype prevalence was 59.6% for B, 21.1% for C and 19.3% BC; subgenotypes Ba, Cs and Ce were identified in this study. Hepatitis B surface antigen-positive rate and the proportion of genotype B were significantly lower in ethnic groups with a northern origin compared to those with a southern origin(50% vs 73.9%, P = 0.037; 4.2% vs 10.5%, P = 0.000).CONCLUSION: Genotype B is dominant and genotype BC has high occurrence in asymptomatic local ethnic groups in Yunnan. HBV infection status and genotype distribution may associate with ethnic origin.

Genetic variation and selection of introduced provenances of Siberian Pine(Pinus sibirica) in frigid regions of the Greater Xing'an Range,Northeast China

Siberian Pine （Pinus sibirica） is an ecologically and eco-nomically important species in pristine forests throughout northern Rus-sia. Four provenances of P. sibirica were introduced from Mongolia and Russia to the Greater Xing’an Range （the Daxing’anling）, northeast China in 1993. The aim of this research was to study genetic variation and selection of the introduced four Pinus sibirica provenances. Heights （H）, basal diameters （BD）, survival rates （SR） and crown lengths （CL） of different families were measured as primary outcomes in different growth years. Results of data analyses demonstrated high coefficients of phenotypic variation （PCV） and heritability （H2） for H, BD and CL at 18 years after introduction. PCV and H2 increased with age. Correlations of＆amp;nbsp;growth traits between any two growth years were all significantly positive, but the correlation coefficient was smaller when the growth year interval was larger. Correlations between H and the original environment factors decreased gradually, indicating that with long-term subsistence in the new environment, the influence of the source environment declined. Colligation of multiple traits to estimate provenances showed that Novosibirsk, Tomsk, and Altai Mountains had higher survival rates and biomass, and proved more suitable for introduction and plantation in the Greater Xing’an Range in China.

Classification of facial wrinkles among Chinese women

It is generally recognized that Caucasians and Asians have different skin aging features. The aim of this study was to develop a facial wrinkle grading scale for Chinese women. Standard photographs were taken of 242 Chinese women. Six sets of 0 to 9 wrinkle scales with reference photographs and descriptions were selected, including grading scales for resting and hyperkinetic crow＇s feet, frontalis lines, glabellar frown lines, and nasolabial folds. To identify the scale by objective quantitative measurement, skin surface measurements from the Visioscan~ VC98 were used. To test the reliability and validity of our wrinkle scale, a multi-rater consensus method was used. A double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled 12-week study was conducted to use this clinical photo-score to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Centella triterpenes cream~ in treating crow＇s feet. A newly developed 10-point photographic and descriptive scale emerged from this study. The final atlas of these photographs contained a total of 6 sets with 10 pictures each. From 0 to 9, surface evaluation of smoothness （SEsm） parametric measurements decreased progressively, indicating that the scale increased inversely. Weighted kappa coefficients for intra-assessor were between 0.75-0.87. The overall Kendall＇s coefficient is 0.86 on the first rating and 0.87 on the second rating. Thirty- six volunteers were recruited and 35 subjects completed a 12-week trial. Clinical photo-score by investigator showed a significant difference （P 〈 0.05） between the treatment side and control side after 4 weeks. Use of these scales in clinical settings to evaluate facial wrinkles in Asians individuals is recommended.

State of China’s climate in 2021

2021年,中国气候暖湿特征明显,全国平均气温10.5℃,较常年偏高1.0℃,创下了1951年以来最高纪录;全国平均降水量672.1毫米,比常年偏多6.7%,其中北方地区平均降水量较常年偏多40.2%,为1961年以来第二多.汛期暴雨过程强度大,极端性显著,河南特大暴雨灾害影响重,黄河中下游流域秋汛明显;高温过程多,夏秋南方高温持续时间长;区域性,阶段性气象干旱明显,华南干旱影响较重;台风生成和登陆均偏少,“烟花”陆地滞留时间长,影响范围广;强对流天气强发,极端大风频发,局地致灾重;寒潮过程多,强度大,极端低温频现;沙尘天气出现早,强沙尘暴过程多.

Identification and characterization of short tandem repeats in the Tibetan macaque genome based on resequencing data

The Tibetan macaque, which is endemic to China, is currently listed as a Near Endangered primate species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature （IUCN）（2017）. Short tandem repeats （STRs） refer to repetitive elements of genome sequence that range in length from 1-6 bp. They are found in many organisms and are widely applied in population genetic studies. To clarify the distribution characteristics of genome-wide STRs and understand their variation among Tibetan macaques, we conducted a genome-wide survey of STRs with next-generation sequencing of five macaque samples. A total of 1 077 790 perfect STRs were mined from our assembly, with an N50 of 4 966 bp. Mono-nucleotide repeats were the most abundant, followed by tetra- and di-nucleotide repeats. Analysis of GC content and repeats showed consistent results with other macaques. Furthermore, using STR analysis software （IobSTR）, we found that the proportion of base pair deletions in the STRs was greater than that of insertions in the five Tibetan macaque individuals （P〈0.05, t-test）. We also found a greater number of homozygous STRs than heterozygous STRs （P〈0.05, t-test）, with the Emei and Jianyang Tibetan macaques showing more heterozygous loci than Huangshan Tibetan macaques. The proportion of insertions and mean variation of alleles in the Emei and Jianyang individuals were slightly higher than those in the Huangshan individuals, thus revealing differences in STR allele size between the two populations The polymorphic STR loci identified based on the reference genome showed good amplification efficiency and could be used to study population genetics in Tibetan macaques. The neighbor-joining tree classified the five macaques into two different branches according to their geographical origin, indicating high genetic differentiation between the Huangshan and Sichuan populations. We elucidated the distribution characteristics of STRs in the Tibetan macaque genome and provided an effective method for screening polymorphic STRs. Our results also lay a foundation for future genetic variation studies of macaques.

Advances in electrical impedance tomography-based brain imaging

Novel advances in the field of brain imaging have enabled the unprecedented clinical application of various imaging modalities to facilitate disease diagnosis and treatment. Electrical impedance tomography(EIT) is a functional imaging technique that measures the transfer impedances between electrodes on the body surface to estimate the spatial distribution of electrical properties of tissues. EIT offers many advantages over other neuroimaging technologies,which has led to its potential clinical use. This qualitative review provides an overview of the basic principles,algorithms, and system composition of EIT. Recent advances in the field of EIT are discussed in the context of epilepsy,stroke, brain injuries and edema, and other brain diseases. Further, we summarize factors limiting the development of brain EIT and highlight prospects for the field. In epilepsy imaging, there have been advances in EIT imaging depth,from cortical to subcortical regions. In stroke research, a bedside EIT stroke monitoring system has been developed for clinical practice, and data support the role of EIT in multi-modal imaging for diagnosing stroke. Additionally, EIT has been applied to monitor the changes in brain water content associated with cerebral edema, enabling the early identification of brain edema and the evaluation of mannitol dehydration. However, anatomically realistic geometry,inhomogeneity, cranium completeness, anisotropy and skull type, etc., must be considered to improve the accuracy of EIT modeling. Thus, the further establishment of EIT as a mature and routine diagnostic technique will necessitate the accumulation of more supporting evidence.

Cigarette smoke‑induced malignant transformation via STAT3 signalling in pulmonary epithelial cells in a lung‑on‑a‑chip model

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a severe public health problem.Cigarette smoke(CS)is a risk factor for COPD and lung cancer.The underlying molecular mechanisms of CS-induced malignant transformation of bronchial epithelial cells remain unclear.In this study,we describe a lung-on-a-chip to explore the possible mechanistic link between cigarette smoke extract(CSE)-associated COPD and lung cancer.Methods An in vitro lung-on-a-chip model was used to simulate pulmonary epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells with CSE.The levels of IL-6 and TNF-αwere tested as indicators of inflammation using an enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay.Apical junction complex mRNA expression was detected with qRT-PCR as the index of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EMT).The effects of CSE on the phosphorylation of signal transduction and transcriptional activator 3(STAT3)were detected by Western blotting.Flow cytometry was performed to investigate the effects of this proto-oncogene on cell cycle distribution.Results Inflammation caused by CSE was achieved in a lung-on-a-chip model with a mimetic movement.CSE exposure induced the degradation of intercellular connections and triggered the EMT process.CSE exposure also activated the phosphorylation of proto-oncogene STAT3,while these effects were inhibited with HJC0152.Conclusions CSE exposure in the lung-on-a-chip model caused activation of STAT3 in epithelial cells and endothelial cells.HJC0152,an inhibitor of activated STAT3,could be a potential treatment for CS-associated COPD and lung cancer.

Evaluating the impact of sampling schemes on leaf area index measurements from digital hemispherical photography in Larix principis-rupprechtii forest plots

Background:Digital hemispherical photography(DHP)is widely used to estimate the leaf area index(LAI)of forest plots due to its advantages of high efficiency and low cost.A crucial step in the LAI estimation of forest plots via DHP is choosing a sampling scheme.However,various sampling schemes involving DHP have been used for the LAI estimation of forest plots.To date,the impact of sampling schemes on LAI estimation from DHP has not been comprehensively investigated.Methods:In this study,13 commonly used sampling schemes which belong to five sampling types(i.e.dispersed,square,cross,transect and circle)were adopted in the LAI estimation of five Larix principis-rupprechtii plots(25m×25 m).An additional sampling scheme(with a sample size of 89)was generated on the basis of all the sample points of the 13 sampling schemes.Three typical inversion models and four canopy element clumping index(Ωe)algorithms were involved in the LAI estimation.The impacts of the sampling schemes on four variables,including gap fraction,Ωe,effective plant area index(PAIe)and LAI estimation from DHP were analysed.The LAI estimates obtained with different sampling schemes were then compared with those obtained from litter collection measurements.Results:Large differences were observed for all four variable estimates(i.e.gap fraction,Ωe,PAIe and LAI)under different sampling schemes.The differences in impact of sampling schemes on LAI estimation were not obvious for the three inversion models,if the fourΩe algorithms,except for the traditional gap-size analysis algorithm were adopted in the estimation.The accuracy of LAI estimation was not always improved with an increase in sample size.Moreover,results indicated that with the appropriate inversion model,Ωe algorithm and sampling scheme,the maximum estimation error of DHP-estimated LAI at elementary sampling unit can be less than 20%,which is required by the global climate observing system,except in forest plots with extremely large LAI values(~>6.0).However,obtaining an LAI from DHP with an estimation error lower than 5%is impossible regardless of which combination of inversion model,Ωe algorithm and sampling scheme is used.Conclusion:The LAI estimation of L.principis-rupprechtii forests from DHP was largely affected by the sampling schemes adopted in the estimation.Thus,the sampling scheme should be seriously considered in the LAI estimation.One square and two transect sampling schemes(with sample sizes ranging from 3 to 9)were recommended to be used to estimate the LAI of L.principis-rupprechtii forests with the smallest mean relative error(MRE).By contrast,three cross and one dispersed sampling schemes were identified to provide LAI estimates with relatively large MREs.

胃体不典型血管球瘤1例报告及文献复习(英文)

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical pathological features of the atypical glomus tumor of the stomach, and explore its biological behavior and clinical significance. Methods: a 43-year-old female was admitted due to passing black stool for 5 months. The melena of the patient occurred after eating the crabs. The endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) was performed, showing a hypoecho nodule found at the body of the stomach, suggesting the diagnosis of gastric stromal tumor. After onset of disease, no specific clinical symptoms were observed except for the slight feeling discomfort in upper abdominal region. The gastroscopy was performed under the general anesthesia: there was a spheroidal nodule measuring 2.5 cm x 3.0 cm at the anterior wall of the body of stomach near the side of lesser curvature with the focal erosion of gastric mucosa. The DualknifeTM and the snare were used to excise the tumor in full thickness. Grossly, the tumor nodule measured 2.5 cm in diameter. The cut surface was solid, showing moderate consistency and grey red in colour. Microscopically, this tumor presented a well circumscribed nodule. It composed of the rounded neoplastic cells which were mainly arranged in solid pattern. The tumor cells had well-defined cell membranes, centrally placed, round nuclei and amphophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical staining showed the positive expression of smooth muscle actin (SMA), caldesmon and vimentin; meanwhile detecting the negative expression of desmin, pan-cytokeratin, CD34, CD117 and S-100 in tumor cells. The Ki-67 labelling index of tumor was 8%. Results: Combined with the histopathological features, immunophenotype of the tumor, deep location in abdominal cavity and with greater diameter larger than 2 cm, and the diagnosis of atypical glomus tumor of the body of the stomach in this case was established. Conclusion: The atypical glomus tumor of the body of the stomach is a rare mesenchymal tumor. The following differential diagnosis should be included as following: gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), paraganglioma, myopericytoma and the angioleiomyoma. The immunohistochemistry exerts an essential role during the diagnosis of this tumor. The deeper location and larger size implicate its undetermined biological behavior.

Study on the mechanism of Yupingfeng Powder in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking method

Objective:The mechanism of Yupingfeng Powder in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer was analyzed by network pharmacology and molecular docking method.Methods:Search the related literature and TCMSP database,query the chemical composition and action target of Yupingfeng powder,query the disease database of Genecards,OMIM,DisGeNET,Drugbank,etc.,use"non-small cell lung cancer"as the keyword to search the disease-related target,select the intersection target with Yupingfeng powder as the research target,and use Cytoscape 3.7.2 software to construct the active component-target network map.The protein-protein interaction network map was constructed by using STRING database,and the treatment core targets were further screened by topological parameters,and GO analysis and KEGG signal pathway enrichment analysis were carried out.Finally,molecular docking was verified.Results:37 active components of Yupingfeng Powder were screened,including 146 common targets and 44 core targets.GO analysis and KEGG analysis show that the core target participates in many biological processes such as angiogenesis and cell proliferation,and acts on a variety of signal pathways such as AGE-RAGE,IL-17,TNF,MAPK and so on.Molecular docking shows that the core compound has good docking activity with the target.Conclusion:Network pharmacological analysis shows that Yupingfeng powder in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer involves multi-target and multi-pathway mechanism,and the drug and target have good docking activity,which can provide theoretical basis for follow-up experimental research.

Spatiotemporal dynamics of population density in China using nighttime light and geographic weighted regression method

The distribution and dynamic changes of regional or national population data with long time series are very important for regional planning,resource allocation,government decision-making,disaster assessment,ecological protection,and other sustainability research.However,the existing population datasets such as LandScan and WorldPop all provide data from 2000 with limited time series,while GHS-POP only utilizes land use data with limited accuracy.In view of the limited remote sensing images of long time series,it is necessary to combine existing multi-source remote sensing data for population spatialization research.In this research,we developed a nighttime light desaturation index(NTLDI).Through the cross-sensor calibration model based on an autoencoder convolutional neural network,the NTLDl was calibrated with the same period Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Day/Night Band(VIRS-DNB)data.Then,the geographically weighted regression method is used to determine the population density of China from 1990 to 2020 based on the long time series NTL.Furthermore,the change characteristics and the driving factors of China's population spatial distribution are analyzed.The large-scale,long-term population spatialization results obtained in this study are of great significance in government planning and decision-making,disaster assessment,resource allocation,and other aspects.

Evolution of chemistry and selection technology for DNA-encoded library

DNA-encoded chemical library(DEL)links the power of amplifiable genetics and the nonself-replicating chemical phenotypes,generating a diverse chemical world.In analogy with the biological world,the DEL world can evolve by using a chemical central dogma,wherein DNA replicates using the PCR reactions to amplify the genetic codes,DNA sequencing transcripts the genetic information,and DNA-compatible synthesis translates into chemical phenotypes.Importantly,DNA-compatible synthesis is the key to expanding the DEL chemical space.Besides,the evolution-driven selection system pushes the chemicals to evolve under the selective pressure,i.e.,desired selection strategies.In this perspective,we summarized recent advances in expanding DEL synthetic toolbox and panning strategies,which will shed light on the drug discovery harnessing in vitro evolution of chemicals via DEL.

Traceless photodegradable polymer cocoons for universal protein delivery and light-controlled gene editing

Polymer conjugation was found highly valuable in clinic to improve the bioavailability of protein therapeutics.However,it is still a tremendous challenge to achieve a complete release of original proteins from the conjugated hybrid under external stimulus to recover active proteins in the targeted tissue.Herein,we report a general light-controlled protein delivery methodology by weaving a photodegradable polymer cocoon around proteins,which could reliably protect them from degradation in the dark while efficiently releasing them under illumination without any residual atoms.The surface charge of the polymer shell is easily tunable to facilitate efficient cell uptake.The versatility of this strategy is demonstrated by the delivery of the Cas9/sg RNA complex that realized light-controlled gene editing both in vitro and in vivo,and such repertoire is of particular value in regard to minimizing the off-target toxicity of CRISPR-Cas9-based gene therapy.

以声嘶为表现的喉神经鞘瘤1例

本文报道1例发生于中年女性的声门喉神经鞘瘤。患者女,56岁,因声嘶1年就诊。术前行喉镜检查提示左侧声带下缘可见光滑膨隆。全身麻醉下行支撑喉镜下喉肿物切除术,大体检查示,肿瘤大小0.9 cm×0.7 cm×0.5 cm,无被摸,光滑完整。术后病理为神经鞘瘤。术后2 d出院,术后1个月、3个月复查,声嘶较前明显好转,至今未见肿物复发,预后良好。

Design and Investigation of a High-Sensitivity Tilt Sensor Based on FBG

In this paper,a high-sensitivity fiber Bragg grating(FBG)tilt sensor using a cantilever-based structure is introduced.Two FBGs are fixed on a specially designed elastomer.One end of the elastomer is connected to the mass block,and the other end is connected to the shell.The principle of the tilt sensor is introduced in detail,and the mathematical model is established.The performance of the sensor is studied.The results show that there is a good linear relationship between the central wavelength difference of the two FBGs and the tilt angle in the range of-5°to 5°.The repeatability of the sensor is good,and the tilt sensitivity can reach 231.7 pm/°.The influence of the silicone oil on the damping capacity of the sensor is studied.The results show that the damping capacity of the sensor has been improved by sealing the silicone oil inside the shell of the sensor.The field test is carried out on a pier of an elevated bridge,and the result is good,which verifies the practicability of the sensor.

Shenyi Capsule Prolongs Postoperative Survival of Patients with Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial

Objective:The objective of this study was to examine the effect of the postsurgical administration of Shenyi capsules on the outcome and overall survival of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Materials and Methods:This was a multicenter,randomized,placebo-controlled,double-blind clinical trial.Patients with stages I–IIIA NSCLC were randomized to Shenyi or placebo groups(treatment duration:6 months)and followed up for 10 years.One-year,2-year,5-year,and 10-year survival rates and survival times were calculated.Symptoms,quality of life,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome,and recurrence were evaluated.Results:A total of 361 patients(treatment group,n=185;placebo group,n=176)were randomized and followed up for 10 years.The two groups had similar baseline demographic and clinical characteristics.Among all 361 patients,the treatment group had significantly longer median survival(31 months,respectively)than the placebo group(22.3 months,P<0.01).In stage II or III patients,recurrence and metastasis rates in the treatment group were lower than those in the placebo group(P<0.05).The treatment group also had significantly longer 1-year and 2-year survival rates based on the full analysis set and per-protocol set;however,there was no statistically significant difference in the 5-year and 10-year survival rates(P<0.01 for all comparisons).Multivariate analysis of variance showed that the interaction between stage and age had a significant impact on overall survival(P<0.05).Compared with the placebo group,the treatment group showed a significant decrease in TCM syndrome(P<0.01)and a significant increase in the Karnofsky Performance Score(P<0.01)and body weight(P<0.05).Conclusions:Adjunctive therapy with Shenyi capsules significantly prolonged the 1-year and 2-year survival rates after surgery and improved the quality of life.Moreover,none of the patients experienced severe adverse effects.These results suggest that Shenyi capsules may have clinical applications in treating patients with NSCLC.