BACKGROUND The treatment outcome of transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)varies greatly due to the clinical heterogeneity of the patients.Therefore,several prognostic syste...BACKGROUND The treatment outcome of transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)varies greatly due to the clinical heterogeneity of the patients.Therefore,several prognostic systems have been proposed for risk stratification and candidate identification for first TACE and repeated TACE(re-TACE).AIM To investigate the correlations between prognostic systems and radiological response,compare the predictive abilities,and integrate them in sequence for outcome prediction.METHODS This nationwide multicenter retrospective cohort consisted of 1107 unresectable HCC patients in 15 Chinese tertiary hospitals from January 2010 to May 2016.The Hepatoma Arterial-embolization Prognostic(HAP)score system and its modified versions(mHAP,mHAP2 and mHAP3),as well as the six-and-twelve criteria were compared in terms of their correlations with radiological response and overall survival(OS)prediction for first TACE.The same analyses were conducted in 912 patients receiving re-TACE to evaluate the ART(assessment for re-treatment with TACE)and ABCR(alpha-fetoprotein,Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer,Child-Pugh and Response)systems for post re-TACE survival(PRTS).RESULTS All the prognostic systems were correlated with radiological response achieved by first TACE,and the six-and-twelve criteria exhibited the highest correlation(Spearman R=0.39,P=0.026)and consistency(Kappa=0.14,P=0.019),with optimal performance by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.71[95%confidence interval(CI):0.68-0.74].With regard to the prediction of OS,the mHAP3 system identified patients with a favorable outcome with the highest concordance(C)-index of 0.60(95%CI:0.57-0.62)and the best area under the receiver operating characteristic curve at any time point during follow-up;whereas,PRTS was well-predicted by the ABCR system with a C-index of 0.61(95%CI:0.59-0.63),rather than ART.Finally,combining the mHAP3 and ABCR systems identified candidates suitable for TACE with an improved median PRTS of 36.6 mo,compared with non-candidates with a median PRTS of 20.0 mo(logrank test P<0.001).CONCLUSION Radiological response to TACE is closely associated with tumor burden,but superior prognostic prediction could be achieved with the combination of mHAP3 and ABCR in patients with unresectable liver-confined HCC.展开更多
Rapid metastasis to vital organs such as the lung,liver,and brain is responsible for the vast majority of pancreatic cancer deaths.Liver metastasis of pancreatic cancer accounts for the high mortality rate in patients...Rapid metastasis to vital organs such as the lung,liver,and brain is responsible for the vast majority of pancreatic cancer deaths.Liver metastasis of pancreatic cancer accounts for the high mortality rate in patients.Exosomes derived from pancreatic cancer cells tend to be enriched in proteins that are anchored to the cell membrane,supporting the reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment and the progression of distant metastatic lesions.For the first time,our study has demonstrated that cluster of differentiation 44(CD44),a transmembrane glycoprotein delivered by exosomes,is involved in the metastatic process of pancreatic cancer.Moreover,CD44 was found to interact with integrin a6b4 to form a complex,thereby remodeling intracellular skeleton proteins,and to promote tumor cell motility through the activation of the Src and Ras signaling cascades.Notably,we also demonstrated that the CD44–a6b4 complex can be delivered to the target region via the paracrine effects of exosomes.The selective uptake of CD44-competent tumor exosomes by liver cells activated fibrotic pathways and generated a pre-metastatic niche by stimulating the cytokines,proinflammatory factors,and growth factors that ultimately support tumor metastasis.Our results suggest the potential application of exosomal CD44 as a biomarker for the clinical diagnosis of and therapy for pancreatic cancer.展开更多
[Objectives]To determine relationship of the adverse drug reaction(ADR)occurrence of the single use and combined use of Huangkui Capsule and Haikun Shenxi Capsule.[Methods]To determine relationship of the ADR occurren...[Objectives]To determine relationship of the adverse drug reaction(ADR)occurrence of the single use and combined use of Huangkui Capsule and Haikun Shenxi Capsule.[Methods]To determine relationship of the ADR occurrence of the single use and combined use of Huangkui Capsule and Haikun Shenxi Capsule.[Results]The main adverse drug reactions of the single use of Huangkui Capsule or Haikun Shenxi Capsule was severe diarrhea(n=7,n=9),however the combined use of the two resulted in more occurrence of adverse drug reactions(n=23)with significant difference in contrast to the single use group(P=0.0015,P=0.0069).[Conclusions]When traditional Chinese patent medicines are used in combination to treat kidney damp-heat syndrome and damp-turbid syndrome,it is necessary to pay close attention to the occurrence of adverse drug reactions,especially the digestive system.展开更多
Stable angina pectoris is a common condition that affects a wide group of patients with coronary artery diseases.A number of Chinese patent drugs based on classic herbal formulations are available for angina managemen...Stable angina pectoris is a common condition that affects a wide group of patients with coronary artery diseases.A number of Chinese patent drugs based on classic herbal formulations are available for angina management.A network meta-analysis is proposed to assess the relative efficacy and safety of commonly used drugs for stable angina and generate a clinically meaningful ranking for each important outcome.We composed a list of 24 widely-used oral blood-quickening Chinese patent drugs from literature review and expert consultation.Three English and five Chinese electronic databases will be searched up to July 2021 for randomised clinical trials comparing between drugs on the list or with nitrates or placebo for stable angina.Unpublished data or grey literature will be sought through trial registries and correspondence to the report authors.Two reviewers independently screen literature,extract data and assess clinical and methodological features of included studies.The WinBUGS software will be used to perform network meta-analysis and the Stata 13.0 software to generate graphic demonstrations of the results.Primary outcomes are the incidence of cardiovascular events and changes in angina frequency,duration and intensity.We will use the surface under the cumulative ranking curve and the mean value for the numeric presentation of efficacy and safety ranking probabilities of multiple treatments.Heterogeneity and inconsistency will be assessed using appropriate statistical tests,and subgroup analysis and network meta-regression will be resorted when necessary.The quality of evidence for each outcome will be graded with the web-based GRADEpro GDT.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)clinical efficacy evaluation runs through the development of TCM and has been progressing so far.With the introduction of evidence-based medicine(EBM)in recent 20 years,TCM clinical ef...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)clinical efficacy evaluation runs through the development of TCM and has been progressing so far.With the introduction of evidence-based medicine(EBM)in recent 20 years,TCM clinical efficacy evaluation has developed rapidly,accumulated research and experience,improved the quality and standardization of research,but also gradually found deep-seated deficiencies.In 2019,the China Center for Evidence-based Traditional Chinese Medicine(CCEBTCM)was established,and TCM was included in the 11th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases(ICD-11).In above opportunities for TCM clinical efficacy evaluation,it is necessary to face up to the previous deficiencies,so that the TCM clinical efficacy evaluation can truly reflect the actual clinical practice characteristics,including TCM clinical problems,TCM thinking and TCM diagnosis&treatment mode.Based on the summary and analysis of past research,development concepts are proposed in this article.On the one hand,original concepts of TCM should be confidently paid more attention to the design and implementation of TCM clinical efficacy evaluation to be close to TCM clinical practice.On the other hand,it is necessary to consolidate the foundation of TCM clinical practice before evaluating efficacy.Evaluated object built on TCM ontology knowledge should be demonstrated based on clinical practice,and unknown evaluated object combined with new methods,technologies and concepts should be maturely integrated in clinical practice firstly.展开更多
Modern diets,which often feature high levels of fat and charcoal-grilled meat,contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),resulting in liver cancer progression.Benzo(a)pyrene...Modern diets,which often feature high levels of fat and charcoal-grilled meat,contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),resulting in liver cancer progression.Benzo(a)pyrene(B[a]P)is a common environ-mental and foodborne pollutant found in smoke and fire-grilled foods,which can have an adverse effect on human health.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the fifth leading cause of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.The epidemiological studies suggest that both environmental risk factors and chronic liver injury including NAFL are important for HCC development,but the precise mechanisms linking eating habits to hepato-carcinogenesis remain unclear.In the present study,we demonstrated that various miRNAs in B[a]P-exposed tumor cells contribute to tumor metastasis,among which miR-650 could be the most potent inducer.Furthermore,we found that the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3(SOCS3)is directly regulated by miR-650 and its suppression regulates the activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3)cascade.Our findings reveal a possible adverse outcome pathway of SOCS3/JAK/STAT3 regulation in B[a]P-induced HCC progress.These results provide a better understanding of the adverse effects of chronic exposure to B[a]P on human health.展开更多
There is considerable potential for integrating transarterial chemoembolization(TACE),programmed death-(ligand)1(PD-[L]1)inhibitors,and molecular targeted treatments(MTT)in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).It is necessar...There is considerable potential for integrating transarterial chemoembolization(TACE),programmed death-(ligand)1(PD-[L]1)inhibitors,and molecular targeted treatments(MTT)in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).It is necessary to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of TACE combined with PD-(L)1 inhibitors and MTT in real-world situations.In this nationwide,retrospective,cohort study,826 HCC patients receiving either TACE plus PD-(L)1 blockades and MTT(combination group,n=376)or TACE monotherapy(monotherapy group,n=450)were included from January 2018 to May 2021.The primary endpoint was progression-free survival(PFS)according to modified RECIST.The secondary outcomes included overall survival(OS),objective response rate(ORR),and safety.We performed propensity score matching approaches to reduce bias between two groups.After matching,228 pairs were included with a predominantly advanced disease population.Median PFS in combination group was 9.5 months(95%confidence interval[CI],8.4-11.0)versus 8.0 months(95%CI,6.6-9.5)(adjusted hazard ratio[HR],0.70,P=0.002).OS and ORR were also significantly higher in combination group(median OS,19.2[16.1-27.3]vs.15.7 months[13.0-20.2];adjusted HR,0.63,P=0.001;ORR,60.1%vs.32.0%;P<0.001).Grade 3/4 adverse events were observed at a rate of 15.8%and 7.5%in combination and monotherapy groups,respectively.Our results suggest that TACE plus PD-(L)1 blockades and MTT could significantly improve PFS,OS,and ORR versus TACE monotherapy for Chinese patients with predominantly advanced HCC in real-world practice,with an acceptable safety profile.展开更多
T cells engineered with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) have been successfully applied to treat advanced refractory B cell malignancy. However, many challenges remain in extending its application toward the treatmen...T cells engineered with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) have been successfully applied to treat advanced refractory B cell malignancy. However, many challenges remain in extending its application toward the treatment of solid tumors. The immunosuppressive nature of tumor microenvironment is considered one of the key factors limiting CART efficacy. One negative regulator of T cell activity is lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3). We successfully generated LAG-3 knockout T and CAR-T cells with high efficiency using CRISPR-Cas9 mediated gene editing and found that the viability and immune phenotype were not dramatically changed during in vitro culture. LAG-3 knockout CART cells displayed robust antigen-specific antitumor activity in cell culture and in murine xenograft model, which is comparable to standard CAR-T cells. Our study demonstrates an efficient approach to silence immune checkpoint in CAR-T cells via gene editing.展开更多
Bispecific chimeric antigen receptor T-cell(CAR-T)therapies have shown promising results in clinical trials for advanced B-cell malignancies.However,it is challenging to broaden the success of bispecific CAR-T therapi...Bispecific chimeric antigen receptor T-cell(CAR-T)therapies have shown promising results in clinical trials for advanced B-cell malignancies.However,it is challenging to broaden the success of bispecific CAR-T therapies to treat refractory/relapse(r/r)T-cell leukemia/lymphoma because targeting multiple T-cell-expressing antigens leads to exacerbated CAR-T cell fratricide and potential safety concerns.Fully human heavy chain variable(FHVH)antibodies that specifically target CD5 or CD7 were screened and constructed to CD5/CD7 bispecific CARs.A truncated Epidermal growth factor receptor were integrated into CAR constructs to address safety concerns.To tackle the fratricidal issue of CAR-T cells targeting T-cell-pan marker(s),CRISPR/Cas9-based CD5 and CD7 genes knockout were performed before lentiviral transduction of bispecific CARs.Functional comparison between different bispecific CAR structures:tandem CARs and dual CAR were performed in vitro and in vivo to determine the optimal construct suitable for addressing T-cell malignancy antigen escape in clinical setting.Knockout of CD5 and CD7 prevents fratricide of CD5/CD7 bispecific CAR-T cells,and FHVH-derived CD5/CD7 bispecific CAR-T cells demonstrate potent antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo.The fratricide-resistant FHVH-derived CD5/CD7 bispecific CAR-T cells have potent antitumor activity against T-cell malignancies,and tandem CARs are more effective than dual CAR in preventing tumor escape in heterogeneous leukemic cells.The meaningful clinical efficacy and safety of tandem CD5/CD7 CAR-T cells deserve to be explored urgently.展开更多
Dear editor The clustered regularly in terspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and the CRISPR-associated proteins 9 (Cas9) systems are powerful tools for gene editing. Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex composed of ...Dear editor The clustered regularly in terspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and the CRISPR-associated proteins 9 (Cas9) systems are powerful tools for gene editing. Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex composed of Cas9 pro? tein and sgRNA binds to specific genomic loci and gen erate DNA double strand breaks. While plasmids expressing Cas9 protein and sgRNA are routinely transfected into various cell lines to perform gene editing (Cong et al., 2013;Mali et al., 2013;Ran et al., 2013), direct delivery of Cas9-sgRNA RNP has shown higher efficiency and lower off-target effects (Kim et al., 2014), especially in human primary cells such as T cells (Hendel et al., 2015;Schumann et al., 2015). SgRNA can be gen erated by either in vitro transcript! on (IVT) or chemical syn thesis. IVT is widely used to gen erate sgRNAs, since it can be easily performed in most labs.展开更多
Dear Editor,The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-associated(Cas)system is an adaptive immune system in a variety of bacteria and archaea(Terns and Terns,2011).The most commonly used St...Dear Editor,The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-associated(Cas)system is an adaptive immune system in a variety of bacteria and archaea(Terns and Terns,2011).The most commonly used Streptococcus pyogenes type II CRISPR-Cas9 system consists of Cas9 nuclease and two short RNAs,crRNA and tracrRNA,which can be linked together forming one chimeric single guide RNA(sgRNA)(Jinek et al.,2012).展开更多
The adoptive transfer of engineered T cells for the treatment of cancer, autoimmunity, and infectious disease is a rapidly growing field that has shown great promise. Gene editing holds tremendous potential for furthe...The adoptive transfer of engineered T cells for the treatment of cancer, autoimmunity, and infectious disease is a rapidly growing field that has shown great promise. Gene editing holds tremendous potential for further improvements of T cell therapy. Here we review the applications of gene editing in various T cell therapies, focusing on antiviral strategies and cancer immunotherapies, and discuss the challenges and future prospects.展开更多
Objective To assess the effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for women with diminished ovarian reserve(DOR).Methods A literature search was conducted in eight electronic databases for rando...Objective To assess the effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for women with diminished ovarian reserve(DOR).Methods A literature search was conducted in eight electronic databases for randomized controlled trials.Results Seventeen randomized controlled trials involving 1174 patients were included.Meta-analysis indicated that TCM was superior to Western medicine(WM)in reducing basal serum FSH level[MD=-1.70,95%CI(-2.63,-0.77);P=0.0004]and FSH/LH(MD=-0.43,95%CI[-0.56,-0.30];P=0.0001),and the effect was more obvious two months after the last treatment(MD=-4.60,95%CI[-6.26,-2.90],P〈0.000 01 and MD=-0.56,95%CI[-0.85,-0.28],P=0.0001),and increasing antral follicle count(AFC)(MD=0.44,95%CI[0.04-0.83];P=0.03).The review also revealed the positive role of CMM as an adjuvant to IVF-ET in improving pregnancy rate(PR=1.75,95%CI[1.25,2.46];P=0.001).Conclusion TCM,with its unique way of replenishing the kidney,may provide an effective and safe alternative therapy to patients with DOR.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND The treatment outcome of transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)varies greatly due to the clinical heterogeneity of the patients.Therefore,several prognostic systems have been proposed for risk stratification and candidate identification for first TACE and repeated TACE(re-TACE).AIM To investigate the correlations between prognostic systems and radiological response,compare the predictive abilities,and integrate them in sequence for outcome prediction.METHODS This nationwide multicenter retrospective cohort consisted of 1107 unresectable HCC patients in 15 Chinese tertiary hospitals from January 2010 to May 2016.The Hepatoma Arterial-embolization Prognostic(HAP)score system and its modified versions(mHAP,mHAP2 and mHAP3),as well as the six-and-twelve criteria were compared in terms of their correlations with radiological response and overall survival(OS)prediction for first TACE.The same analyses were conducted in 912 patients receiving re-TACE to evaluate the ART(assessment for re-treatment with TACE)and ABCR(alpha-fetoprotein,Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer,Child-Pugh and Response)systems for post re-TACE survival(PRTS).RESULTS All the prognostic systems were correlated with radiological response achieved by first TACE,and the six-and-twelve criteria exhibited the highest correlation(Spearman R=0.39,P=0.026)and consistency(Kappa=0.14,P=0.019),with optimal performance by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.71[95%confidence interval(CI):0.68-0.74].With regard to the prediction of OS,the mHAP3 system identified patients with a favorable outcome with the highest concordance(C)-index of 0.60(95%CI:0.57-0.62)and the best area under the receiver operating characteristic curve at any time point during follow-up;whereas,PRTS was well-predicted by the ABCR system with a C-index of 0.61(95%CI:0.59-0.63),rather than ART.Finally,combining the mHAP3 and ABCR systems identified candidates suitable for TACE with an improved median PRTS of 36.6 mo,compared with non-candidates with a median PRTS of 20.0 mo(logrank test P<0.001).CONCLUSION Radiological response to TACE is closely associated with tumor burden,but superior prognostic prediction could be achieved with the combination of mHAP3 and ABCR in patients with unresectable liver-confined HCC.
基金This work was sponsored by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81803269 and 81427805)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(18YF1412100 and 2019Y0150)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC2000700)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDRW-ZS-2017-1)Shanghai Municipality Health Commission(GWV-10.2-YQ17 and 2019Y0150).
文摘Rapid metastasis to vital organs such as the lung,liver,and brain is responsible for the vast majority of pancreatic cancer deaths.Liver metastasis of pancreatic cancer accounts for the high mortality rate in patients.Exosomes derived from pancreatic cancer cells tend to be enriched in proteins that are anchored to the cell membrane,supporting the reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment and the progression of distant metastatic lesions.For the first time,our study has demonstrated that cluster of differentiation 44(CD44),a transmembrane glycoprotein delivered by exosomes,is involved in the metastatic process of pancreatic cancer.Moreover,CD44 was found to interact with integrin a6b4 to form a complex,thereby remodeling intracellular skeleton proteins,and to promote tumor cell motility through the activation of the Src and Ras signaling cascades.Notably,we also demonstrated that the CD44–a6b4 complex can be delivered to the target region via the paracrine effects of exosomes.The selective uptake of CD44-competent tumor exosomes by liver cells activated fibrotic pathways and generated a pre-metastatic niche by stimulating the cytokines,proinflammatory factors,and growth factors that ultimately support tumor metastasis.Our results suggest the potential application of exosomal CD44 as a biomarker for the clinical diagnosis of and therapy for pancreatic cancer.
基金Supported by the Medical Project of Jiangsu Commission of Health(M2021094)Gusu Health Key Talents Program Training Project in Suzhou(GSWS2022107)。
文摘[Objectives]To determine relationship of the adverse drug reaction(ADR)occurrence of the single use and combined use of Huangkui Capsule and Haikun Shenxi Capsule.[Methods]To determine relationship of the ADR occurrence of the single use and combined use of Huangkui Capsule and Haikun Shenxi Capsule.[Results]The main adverse drug reactions of the single use of Huangkui Capsule or Haikun Shenxi Capsule was severe diarrhea(n=7,n=9),however the combined use of the two resulted in more occurrence of adverse drug reactions(n=23)with significant difference in contrast to the single use group(P=0.0015,P=0.0069).[Conclusions]When traditional Chinese patent medicines are used in combination to treat kidney damp-heat syndrome and damp-turbid syndrome,it is necessary to pay close attention to the occurrence of adverse drug reactions,especially the digestive system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81603495)the Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Tianjin Health Commission(No.2019072).
文摘Stable angina pectoris is a common condition that affects a wide group of patients with coronary artery diseases.A number of Chinese patent drugs based on classic herbal formulations are available for angina management.A network meta-analysis is proposed to assess the relative efficacy and safety of commonly used drugs for stable angina and generate a clinically meaningful ranking for each important outcome.We composed a list of 24 widely-used oral blood-quickening Chinese patent drugs from literature review and expert consultation.Three English and five Chinese electronic databases will be searched up to July 2021 for randomised clinical trials comparing between drugs on the list or with nitrates or placebo for stable angina.Unpublished data or grey literature will be sought through trial registries and correspondence to the report authors.Two reviewers independently screen literature,extract data and assess clinical and methodological features of included studies.The WinBUGS software will be used to perform network meta-analysis and the Stata 13.0 software to generate graphic demonstrations of the results.Primary outcomes are the incidence of cardiovascular events and changes in angina frequency,duration and intensity.We will use the surface under the cumulative ranking curve and the mean value for the numeric presentation of efficacy and safety ranking probabilities of multiple treatments.Heterogeneity and inconsistency will be assessed using appropriate statistical tests,and subgroup analysis and network meta-regression will be resorted when necessary.The quality of evidence for each outcome will be graded with the web-based GRADEpro GDT.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81725024).
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)clinical efficacy evaluation runs through the development of TCM and has been progressing so far.With the introduction of evidence-based medicine(EBM)in recent 20 years,TCM clinical efficacy evaluation has developed rapidly,accumulated research and experience,improved the quality and standardization of research,but also gradually found deep-seated deficiencies.In 2019,the China Center for Evidence-based Traditional Chinese Medicine(CCEBTCM)was established,and TCM was included in the 11th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases(ICD-11).In above opportunities for TCM clinical efficacy evaluation,it is necessary to face up to the previous deficiencies,so that the TCM clinical efficacy evaluation can truly reflect the actual clinical practice characteristics,including TCM clinical problems,TCM thinking and TCM diagnosis&treatment mode.Based on the summary and analysis of past research,development concepts are proposed in this article.On the one hand,original concepts of TCM should be confidently paid more attention to the design and implementation of TCM clinical efficacy evaluation to be close to TCM clinical practice.On the other hand,it is necessary to consolidate the foundation of TCM clinical practice before evaluating efficacy.Evaluated object built on TCM ontology knowledge should be demonstrated based on clinical practice,and unknown evaluated object combined with new methods,technologies and concepts should be maturely integrated in clinical practice firstly.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82173543,81803269,and 81902939)Shanghai Municipality Health Commission(GWV-10.2-YQ17 and 2019Y0150)+1 种基金Innovative Research Team of High-level Local Universities in Shanghai(YG2017QN68)the Major Science and Technology Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(2019-01-07-00-01-E00059).
文摘Modern diets,which often feature high levels of fat and charcoal-grilled meat,contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),resulting in liver cancer progression.Benzo(a)pyrene(B[a]P)is a common environ-mental and foodborne pollutant found in smoke and fire-grilled foods,which can have an adverse effect on human health.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the fifth leading cause of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.The epidemiological studies suggest that both environmental risk factors and chronic liver injury including NAFL are important for HCC development,but the precise mechanisms linking eating habits to hepato-carcinogenesis remain unclear.In the present study,we demonstrated that various miRNAs in B[a]P-exposed tumor cells contribute to tumor metastasis,among which miR-650 could be the most potent inducer.Furthermore,we found that the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3(SOCS3)is directly regulated by miR-650 and its suppression regulates the activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3)cascade.Our findings reveal a possible adverse outcome pathway of SOCS3/JAK/STAT3 regulation in B[a]P-induced HCC progress.These results provide a better understanding of the adverse effects of chronic exposure to B[a]P on human health.
基金The study was supported by National Key Research and Development Program(2018YFA0704100,2018YFA0704104)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81827805,82130060)Jiangsu Provincial Special Program of Medical Science(BE2019750).The funding sources had no role in the writing of the report,or decision to submit the paper for publication.
文摘There is considerable potential for integrating transarterial chemoembolization(TACE),programmed death-(ligand)1(PD-[L]1)inhibitors,and molecular targeted treatments(MTT)in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).It is necessary to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of TACE combined with PD-(L)1 inhibitors and MTT in real-world situations.In this nationwide,retrospective,cohort study,826 HCC patients receiving either TACE plus PD-(L)1 blockades and MTT(combination group,n=376)or TACE monotherapy(monotherapy group,n=450)were included from January 2018 to May 2021.The primary endpoint was progression-free survival(PFS)according to modified RECIST.The secondary outcomes included overall survival(OS),objective response rate(ORR),and safety.We performed propensity score matching approaches to reduce bias between two groups.After matching,228 pairs were included with a predominantly advanced disease population.Median PFS in combination group was 9.5 months(95%confidence interval[CI],8.4-11.0)versus 8.0 months(95%CI,6.6-9.5)(adjusted hazard ratio[HR],0.70,P=0.002).OS and ORR were also significantly higher in combination group(median OS,19.2[16.1-27.3]vs.15.7 months[13.0-20.2];adjusted HR,0.63,P=0.001;ORR,60.1%vs.32.0%;P<0.001).Grade 3/4 adverse events were observed at a rate of 15.8%and 7.5%in combination and monotherapy groups,respectively.Our results suggest that TACE plus PD-(L)1 blockades and MTT could significantly improve PFS,OS,and ORR versus TACE monotherapy for Chinese patients with predominantly advanced HCC in real-world practice,with an acceptable safety profile.
文摘T cells engineered with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) have been successfully applied to treat advanced refractory B cell malignancy. However, many challenges remain in extending its application toward the treatment of solid tumors. The immunosuppressive nature of tumor microenvironment is considered one of the key factors limiting CART efficacy. One negative regulator of T cell activity is lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3). We successfully generated LAG-3 knockout T and CAR-T cells with high efficiency using CRISPR-Cas9 mediated gene editing and found that the viability and immune phenotype were not dramatically changed during in vitro culture. LAG-3 knockout CART cells displayed robust antigen-specific antitumor activity in cell culture and in murine xenograft model, which is comparable to standard CAR-T cells. Our study demonstrates an efficient approach to silence immune checkpoint in CAR-T cells via gene editing.
文摘Bispecific chimeric antigen receptor T-cell(CAR-T)therapies have shown promising results in clinical trials for advanced B-cell malignancies.However,it is challenging to broaden the success of bispecific CAR-T therapies to treat refractory/relapse(r/r)T-cell leukemia/lymphoma because targeting multiple T-cell-expressing antigens leads to exacerbated CAR-T cell fratricide and potential safety concerns.Fully human heavy chain variable(FHVH)antibodies that specifically target CD5 or CD7 were screened and constructed to CD5/CD7 bispecific CARs.A truncated Epidermal growth factor receptor were integrated into CAR constructs to address safety concerns.To tackle the fratricidal issue of CAR-T cells targeting T-cell-pan marker(s),CRISPR/Cas9-based CD5 and CD7 genes knockout were performed before lentiviral transduction of bispecific CARs.Functional comparison between different bispecific CAR structures:tandem CARs and dual CAR were performed in vitro and in vivo to determine the optimal construct suitable for addressing T-cell malignancy antigen escape in clinical setting.Knockout of CD5 and CD7 prevents fratricide of CD5/CD7 bispecific CAR-T cells,and FHVH-derived CD5/CD7 bispecific CAR-T cells demonstrate potent antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo.The fratricide-resistant FHVH-derived CD5/CD7 bispecific CAR-T cells have potent antitumor activity against T-cell malignancies,and tandem CARs are more effective than dual CAR in preventing tumor escape in heterogeneous leukemic cells.The meaningful clinical efficacy and safety of tandem CD5/CD7 CAR-T cells deserve to be explored urgently.
文摘Dear editor The clustered regularly in terspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and the CRISPR-associated proteins 9 (Cas9) systems are powerful tools for gene editing. Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex composed of Cas9 pro? tein and sgRNA binds to specific genomic loci and gen erate DNA double strand breaks. While plasmids expressing Cas9 protein and sgRNA are routinely transfected into various cell lines to perform gene editing (Cong et al., 2013;Mali et al., 2013;Ran et al., 2013), direct delivery of Cas9-sgRNA RNP has shown higher efficiency and lower off-target effects (Kim et al., 2014), especially in human primary cells such as T cells (Hendel et al., 2015;Schumann et al., 2015). SgRNA can be gen erated by either in vitro transcript! on (IVT) or chemical syn thesis. IVT is widely used to gen erate sgRNAs, since it can be easily performed in most labs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31471215)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA16010205)+2 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFA0101402)National High-tech R&D Program(863 Program)(No.2015AA020307)H.Wang is supported by the"Young Thousand Talents Plan".
文摘Dear Editor,The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-associated(Cas)system is an adaptive immune system in a variety of bacteria and archaea(Terns and Terns,2011).The most commonly used Streptococcus pyogenes type II CRISPR-Cas9 system consists of Cas9 nuclease and two short RNAs,crRNA and tracrRNA,which can be linked together forming one chimeric single guide RNA(sgRNA)(Jinek et al.,2012).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31471215)the National High-tech R&D Program (863 Program) (2015AA020307)supported by the "Young Thousand Talent Project"
文摘The adoptive transfer of engineered T cells for the treatment of cancer, autoimmunity, and infectious disease is a rapidly growing field that has shown great promise. Gene editing holds tremendous potential for further improvements of T cell therapy. Here we review the applications of gene editing in various T cell therapies, focusing on antiviral strategies and cancer immunotherapies, and discuss the challenges and future prospects.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81273791)
文摘Objective To assess the effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for women with diminished ovarian reserve(DOR).Methods A literature search was conducted in eight electronic databases for randomized controlled trials.Results Seventeen randomized controlled trials involving 1174 patients were included.Meta-analysis indicated that TCM was superior to Western medicine(WM)in reducing basal serum FSH level[MD=-1.70,95%CI(-2.63,-0.77);P=0.0004]and FSH/LH(MD=-0.43,95%CI[-0.56,-0.30];P=0.0001),and the effect was more obvious two months after the last treatment(MD=-4.60,95%CI[-6.26,-2.90],P〈0.000 01 and MD=-0.56,95%CI[-0.85,-0.28],P=0.0001),and increasing antral follicle count(AFC)(MD=0.44,95%CI[0.04-0.83];P=0.03).The review also revealed the positive role of CMM as an adjuvant to IVF-ET in improving pregnancy rate(PR=1.75,95%CI[1.25,2.46];P=0.001).Conclusion TCM,with its unique way of replenishing the kidney,may provide an effective and safe alternative therapy to patients with DOR.