原发性骨质疏松症(primary osteoporosis,POP)是一种以骨代谢改变、骨量降低、骨折风险增加为主要表现的常见慢性骨骼疾病。随着人口老龄化进程加快,亟须更为简便廉验的综合干预方案防治POP。中医药治疗POP具有独特优势,其中补肾填精、...原发性骨质疏松症(primary osteoporosis,POP)是一种以骨代谢改变、骨量降低、骨折风险增加为主要表现的常见慢性骨骼疾病。随着人口老龄化进程加快,亟须更为简便廉验的综合干预方案防治POP。中医药治疗POP具有独特优势,其中补肾填精、益气健脾、活血祛瘀类中药的配伍是POP中医临证常用思路。本文基于中国知网、万方、Web of Science等数据库总结归纳补肾健脾活血类方药治疗POP的临床和基础研究证据。提示补肾健脾活血类方药在提高患者骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、缓解疼痛、改善骨代谢标志物如血清碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、血清钙、白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-6等方面收效显著。补肾健脾活血方药的作用机制是通过骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)/核因子(nuclear factor,NF)κB受体激活因子/核因子κB受体激活因子配体(receptor activator for NF-κB ligand,RANKL)、Wnt/β-连环蛋白(Wnt/β-catenin)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)与骨形成蛋白(bone morphogenic protein,BMP)-Smad等信号通路影响骨稳态进而治疗POP。补肾健脾活血类方药防治POP的临床疗效已经被证实,未来需要深化补肾健脾活血类方药“有效成分-单药-复方-作用机制-疾病靶点”的有机串联,深入挖掘其防治POP的科学内涵。展开更多
背景确立手法治疗中医骨伤科领域的优势病种,将对推动手法技术和骨伤科优势专科的发展起到促进作用,但目前其评价和筛选尚缺乏基于循证医学证据的量化评价过程。目的应用证据图方法,系统梳理手法治疗中医骨伤科领域疾病的系统评价,探索...背景确立手法治疗中医骨伤科领域的优势病种,将对推动手法技术和骨伤科优势专科的发展起到促进作用,但目前其评价和筛选尚缺乏基于循证医学证据的量化评价过程。目的应用证据图方法,系统梳理手法治疗中医骨伤科领域疾病的系统评价,探索手法治疗中医骨伤科领域的优势病种。方法计算机检索Pub Med、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献服务系统、中国知网、维普网和万方数据知识服务平台,搜集手法治疗中医骨伤科领域疾病的系统评价,检索时限均为建库至2023-03-05,运用图表结合文字的方式呈现证据分布特点。结果纳入的126篇系统评价发表年限为2003—2023年,国内外相关研究数量总体呈增长趋势。方法学质量评价结果显示13篇为中等质量、64篇为低质量、49篇为极低质量。证据图显示,手法治疗中医骨伤科领域研究证据主要分布于18个临床病种包括颈椎病、腰痛、膝关节炎、腰椎间盘突出症、踝关节扭伤、肩周炎、颈源性头痛、寰枢关节半脱位、桡骨远端骨折、肱骨外上髁炎、腕管综合征、腰扭伤、脊柱侧弯、髋关节炎、纤维肌痛综合征、肌筋膜疼痛综合征、肩袖损伤、肱骨髁上骨折,呈现出有益或可能有益的效应。结论手法治疗在中医骨伤科的临床应用广泛,但由于方法学质量存在不足,并且缺乏安全性和经济性的研究证据,未来仍需多层级机构间联动合作,建立健全评价标准和体系,提高研究质量,更新研究证据,进一步探索手法在中医骨伤科领域中的优势所在。展开更多
The subthalamic nucleus(STN)is considered the best target for deep brain stimulation treatments of Parkinson’s disease(PD).It is difficult to localize the STN due to its small size and deep location.Multichannel micr...The subthalamic nucleus(STN)is considered the best target for deep brain stimulation treatments of Parkinson’s disease(PD).It is difficult to localize the STN due to its small size and deep location.Multichannel microelectrode arrays(MEAs)can rapidly and precisely locate the STN,which is important for precise stimulation.In this paper,16-channel MEAs modified with multiwalled carbon nanotube/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(MWCNT/PEDOT:PSS)nanocomposites were designed and fabricated,and the accurate and rapid identification of the STN in PD rats was performed using detection sites distributed at different brain depths.These results showed that nuclei in 6-hydroxydopamine hydrobromide(6-OHDA)-lesioned brains discharged more intensely than those in unlesioned brains.In addition,the MEA simultaneously acquired neural signals from both the STN and the upper or lower boundary nuclei of the STN.Moreover,higher values of spike firing rate,spike amplitude,local field potential(LFP)power,and beta oscillations were detected in the STN of the 6-OHDA-lesioned brain,and may therefore be biomarkers of STN localization.Compared with the STNs of unlesioned brains,the power spectral density of spikes and LFPs synchronously decreased in the delta band and increased in the beta band of 6-OHDA-lesioned brains.This may be a cause of sleep and motor disorders associated with PD.Overall,this work describes a new cellular-level localization and detection method and provides a tool for future studies of deep brain nuclei.展开更多
Nanoscale light sources with high speed of electrical modulation and low energy consumption are key components for nanophotonics and optoelectronics.The record-high carrier mobility and ultrafast carrier dynamics of g...Nanoscale light sources with high speed of electrical modulation and low energy consumption are key components for nanophotonics and optoelectronics.The record-high carrier mobility and ultrafast carrier dynamics of graphene make it promising as an atomically thin light emitter which can be further integrated into arbitrary platforms by van der Waals forces.However,due to the zero bandgap,graphene is difficult to emit light through the interband recombination of carriers like conventional semiconductors.Here,we demonstrate ultrafast thermal light emitters based on suspended graphene/hexagonal boron nitride(Gr/hBN)heterostructures.Electrons in biased graphene are significantly heated up to 2800 K at modest electric fields,emitting bright photons from the near-infrared to the visible spectral range.By eliminating the heat dissipation channel of the substrate,the radiation efficiency of the suspended Gr/hBN device is about two orders of magnitude greater than that of graphene devices supported on SiO2or hBN.Wefurther demonstrate that hot electrons and low-energy acoustic phonons in graphene are weakly coupled to each other and are not in full thermal equilibrium.Direct cooling ofhigh-temperature hot electrons to low-temperature acoustic phonons is enabled by the significant near-field heat transfer at the highly localized Gr/hBN interface,resulting in ultrafast thermal emission with up to 1 GHz bandwidth under electrical excitation.It is found thatsuspending the Gr/hBN heterostructures on the SiO2trenches significantly modifies the light emission due to the formation of the optical cavity and showed a~440%enhancement inintensity at the peak wavelength of 940 nm compared to the black-body thermal radiation.The demonstration of electrically driven ultrafast light emission from suspended Gr/hBNheterostructures sheds the light on applications of graphene heterostructures in photonicintegrated circuits,such as broadband light sources and ultrafast thermo-optic phase modulators.展开更多
文摘原发性骨质疏松症(primary osteoporosis,POP)是一种以骨代谢改变、骨量降低、骨折风险增加为主要表现的常见慢性骨骼疾病。随着人口老龄化进程加快,亟须更为简便廉验的综合干预方案防治POP。中医药治疗POP具有独特优势,其中补肾填精、益气健脾、活血祛瘀类中药的配伍是POP中医临证常用思路。本文基于中国知网、万方、Web of Science等数据库总结归纳补肾健脾活血类方药治疗POP的临床和基础研究证据。提示补肾健脾活血类方药在提高患者骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、缓解疼痛、改善骨代谢标志物如血清碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、血清钙、白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-6等方面收效显著。补肾健脾活血方药的作用机制是通过骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)/核因子(nuclear factor,NF)κB受体激活因子/核因子κB受体激活因子配体(receptor activator for NF-κB ligand,RANKL)、Wnt/β-连环蛋白(Wnt/β-catenin)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)与骨形成蛋白(bone morphogenic protein,BMP)-Smad等信号通路影响骨稳态进而治疗POP。补肾健脾活血类方药防治POP的临床疗效已经被证实,未来需要深化补肾健脾活血类方药“有效成分-单药-复方-作用机制-疾病靶点”的有机串联,深入挖掘其防治POP的科学内涵。
文摘背景确立手法治疗中医骨伤科领域的优势病种,将对推动手法技术和骨伤科优势专科的发展起到促进作用,但目前其评价和筛选尚缺乏基于循证医学证据的量化评价过程。目的应用证据图方法,系统梳理手法治疗中医骨伤科领域疾病的系统评价,探索手法治疗中医骨伤科领域的优势病种。方法计算机检索Pub Med、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献服务系统、中国知网、维普网和万方数据知识服务平台,搜集手法治疗中医骨伤科领域疾病的系统评价,检索时限均为建库至2023-03-05,运用图表结合文字的方式呈现证据分布特点。结果纳入的126篇系统评价发表年限为2003—2023年,国内外相关研究数量总体呈增长趋势。方法学质量评价结果显示13篇为中等质量、64篇为低质量、49篇为极低质量。证据图显示,手法治疗中医骨伤科领域研究证据主要分布于18个临床病种包括颈椎病、腰痛、膝关节炎、腰椎间盘突出症、踝关节扭伤、肩周炎、颈源性头痛、寰枢关节半脱位、桡骨远端骨折、肱骨外上髁炎、腕管综合征、腰扭伤、脊柱侧弯、髋关节炎、纤维肌痛综合征、肌筋膜疼痛综合征、肩袖损伤、肱骨髁上骨折,呈现出有益或可能有益的效应。结论手法治疗在中医骨伤科的临床应用广泛,但由于方法学质量存在不足,并且缺乏安全性和经济性的研究证据,未来仍需多层级机构间联动合作,建立健全评价标准和体系,提高研究质量,更新研究证据,进一步探索手法在中医骨伤科领域中的优势所在。
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.L2224042,T2293731,62121003,61960206012,61973292,62171434,61975206,and 61971400)the Frontier Interdisciplinary Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XK2022XXC003)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFC2402501 and 2022YFB3205602)the Major Program of Scientific and Technical Innovation 2030(No.2021ZD02016030)the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of he Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.GJJSTD20210004).
文摘The subthalamic nucleus(STN)is considered the best target for deep brain stimulation treatments of Parkinson’s disease(PD).It is difficult to localize the STN due to its small size and deep location.Multichannel microelectrode arrays(MEAs)can rapidly and precisely locate the STN,which is important for precise stimulation.In this paper,16-channel MEAs modified with multiwalled carbon nanotube/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(MWCNT/PEDOT:PSS)nanocomposites were designed and fabricated,and the accurate and rapid identification of the STN in PD rats was performed using detection sites distributed at different brain depths.These results showed that nuclei in 6-hydroxydopamine hydrobromide(6-OHDA)-lesioned brains discharged more intensely than those in unlesioned brains.In addition,the MEA simultaneously acquired neural signals from both the STN and the upper or lower boundary nuclei of the STN.Moreover,higher values of spike firing rate,spike amplitude,local field potential(LFP)power,and beta oscillations were detected in the STN of the 6-OHDA-lesioned brain,and may therefore be biomarkers of STN localization.Compared with the STNs of unlesioned brains,the power spectral density of spikes and LFPs synchronously decreased in the delta band and increased in the beta band of 6-OHDA-lesioned brains.This may be a cause of sleep and motor disorders associated with PD.Overall,this work describes a new cellular-level localization and detection method and provides a tool for future studies of deep brain nuclei.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12174444 and 52202195)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2020RC3032)。
文摘Nanoscale light sources with high speed of electrical modulation and low energy consumption are key components for nanophotonics and optoelectronics.The record-high carrier mobility and ultrafast carrier dynamics of graphene make it promising as an atomically thin light emitter which can be further integrated into arbitrary platforms by van der Waals forces.However,due to the zero bandgap,graphene is difficult to emit light through the interband recombination of carriers like conventional semiconductors.Here,we demonstrate ultrafast thermal light emitters based on suspended graphene/hexagonal boron nitride(Gr/hBN)heterostructures.Electrons in biased graphene are significantly heated up to 2800 K at modest electric fields,emitting bright photons from the near-infrared to the visible spectral range.By eliminating the heat dissipation channel of the substrate,the radiation efficiency of the suspended Gr/hBN device is about two orders of magnitude greater than that of graphene devices supported on SiO2or hBN.Wefurther demonstrate that hot electrons and low-energy acoustic phonons in graphene are weakly coupled to each other and are not in full thermal equilibrium.Direct cooling ofhigh-temperature hot electrons to low-temperature acoustic phonons is enabled by the significant near-field heat transfer at the highly localized Gr/hBN interface,resulting in ultrafast thermal emission with up to 1 GHz bandwidth under electrical excitation.It is found thatsuspending the Gr/hBN heterostructures on the SiO2trenches significantly modifies the light emission due to the formation of the optical cavity and showed a~440%enhancement inintensity at the peak wavelength of 940 nm compared to the black-body thermal radiation.The demonstration of electrically driven ultrafast light emission from suspended Gr/hBNheterostructures sheds the light on applications of graphene heterostructures in photonicintegrated circuits,such as broadband light sources and ultrafast thermo-optic phase modulators.
