含多关节间隙平面柔性六杆机构的动力学分析

为提高机构的动力学分析精度,基于平面六杆机构,同时考虑多个关节间隙与构件柔性对多体机构动力学响应的影响。通过实体建模和引用ADAMS软件中“冲击函数”接触力模型,对含有多个间隙关节与柔性连杆的六杆机构进行动力学模拟仿真,研究间隙数量、间隙位置、间隙大小、柔性连杆及其与间隙耦合对系统动力学性能影响。研究结果表明:与单关节间隙相比,多关节间隙会产生更大的接触力,导致构件的加速度波动更加剧烈;间隙关节距离电机位置越近,则对机构的动力学行为影响越明显;考虑连杆柔性时,可以极大地降低间隙对机构动力学波动的影响。

SPP-extractor:Automatic phenotype extraction for densely grown soybean plants

Automatic collecting of phenotypic information from plants has become a trend in breeding and smart agriculture.Targeting mature soybean plants at the harvesting stage,which are dense and overlapping,we have proposed the SPP-extractor(soybean plant phenotype extractor)algorithm to acquire phenotypic traits.First,to address the mutual occultation of pods,we augmented the standard YOLOv5s model for target detection with an additional attention mechanism.The resulting model could accurately identify pods and stems and could count the entire pod set of a plant in a single scan.Second,considering that mature branches are usually bent and covered with pods,we designed a branch recognition and measurement module combining image processing,target detection,semantic segmentation,and heuristic search.Experimental results on real plants showed that SPP-extractor achieved respective R^(2) scores of 0.93–0.99 for four phenotypic traits,based on regression on manual measurements.

旋转式多臂机提综机构动力学分析与优化

为提高旋转式多臂机的整体性能,对提综机构进行深入的动力学特性研究。首先,基于凸轮机构的解析法设计理论,结合织机开口工艺要求,设计出旋转式多臂机提综机构凸轮廓线,应用Lagrange方程建立机构的动力学模型,并对机构进行运动学分析;其次,建立机械系统动力学自动分析(ADAMS)虚拟样机模型,对比分析Mat Lab数值仿真和ADAMS虚拟仿真所求大圆盘驱动力矩的一致性,验证所建动力学模型的正确性和有效性;最后,依据所构建的动力学模型,分别就大圆盘转速、综框的材料及动程、凸轮廓线对大圆盘驱动力矩的影响进行仿真分析和优化。结果表明:减小综框质量和综框动程和采用五次项修正等速运动规律的提综凸轮廓线,均可减小大圆盘驱动力矩的波动幅值,改善提综机构整体动力学性能。

空间四连杆引纬机构刚柔耦合动力学分析与仿真

为更加准确地反映剑杆织机空间四连杆引纬机构在高速运转时的动力学性能,对其进行刚柔耦合动力学建模与仿真.首先,选取空间四连杆引纬机构中的十字摇轴为柔性体,在ANSYS中对其进行网格划分并生成中性文件.然后,将生成的中性文件导入到ADAMS中替换刚性十字摇轴,建立空间四连杆引纬机构刚柔耦合动力学模型并进行仿真.最后,将仿真生成的载荷文件添加到ANSYS中的十字摇轴上,对其进行瞬态动力学分析.结果表明:刚柔耦合动力学仿真与刚体动力学仿真相比,剑带位移和速度曲线整体趋势相同,但加速度曲线存在显著差异,即十字摇轴的柔性变形会直接影响剑杆的引纬准确性和稳定性,并且主轴转速越高,柔性变形对引纬动作影响越明显.基于ANSYS对十字摇轴进行动力学分析,得到十字摇轴所受应力最大点以及十字摇轴连接处节点的应变曲线.以上结果可为引纬机构的优化设计提供理论参考.

剑杆织机打纬凸轮接触碰撞力建模与仿真

针对剑杆织机打纬凸轮副接触碰撞建模及仿真验证比较困难的问题,探讨便捷有效的接触碰撞力建模方法。首先,基于L-N接触碰撞模型,在现有接触碰撞力混合模型的基础上,改进并建立适用于打纬凸轮系统的接触碰撞力模型,进而对碰撞力及碰撞变形进行求解;其次,应用瞬态碰撞分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA并配合可视化软件LS-PrePost,对模型计算结果进行仿真验证;在验证结果的正确性后,分别计算碰撞初速度和碰撞点曲率半径对碰撞力和变形量的影响程度。结果表明:碰撞初始速度和凸轮曲率半径都会对碰撞过程动态响应产生影响,但碰撞初速度对系统碰撞力和碰撞变形量影响更为明显。

从动件运动规律对凸轮机构接触碰撞运动特性影响研究

为研究不同从动件运动规律对凸轮机构接触碰撞运动特性的影响,基于直动从动件凸轮机构,以4种常用的凸轮机构从动件运动规律为基础,运用二状态间隙碰撞模型,应用拉格朗日方程建立凸轮与从动件接触碰撞的凸轮机构动力学方程,进行算例计算分析,并结合ADAMS软件进行仿真验证。结果表明,在相同条件下,简谐组合运动规律和7次多项式运动规律侵入量大于余弦和正弦运动规律,均适用于高速、中低载工况。简谐组合运动规律较相同函数连续特征值的多项式运动规律速度幅值和侵入量较小,可有效替代部分多项式运动规律场合。

空间连杆引纬机构柔性铰间隙动态特性研究

为提升高速剑杆织机的运行效率,深入研究运动副间隙给空间连杆引纬机构运动输出带来的影响。首先,采用矢量法对空间连杆引纬机构进行运动学仿真,选择适合高速剑杆织机工况下的Lankarani-Nikravesh建模方法;其次,将计算得到的运动学参数与柔性铰碰撞力模型相结合,使用Newton-Euler方法对系统运动输出部分进行动力学分析;结合具体工程实例,求解不同间隙下系统的动态特性;最后,通过虚拟样机检测数据校核并与刚性铰间隙碰撞建模方法进行输出对比和误差分析。结果表明:间隙的增加会导致剑头加速度的剧烈波动,进而影响空间连杆引纬机构平稳接纬和剑头准确夹持纬纱;在间隙值为0.5 mm时,采用柔性铰方法能将剑头位移的峰值误差缩小69.4%,有效提升工作精度。

考虑运动副间隙的平面连杆机构动力学分析

为了准确分析运动副间隙对机构动力学特性的影响,在Gonthier接触力模型基础上引入非线性刚度系数,得到改进的Gonthier模型,可以更加精确地描述运动副内的弹性力。基于平面四连杆机构并应用牛顿–欧拉方程,建立了含二状态间隙系统动力学方程;利用Adams软件仿真验证了间隙模型的正确性;分析不同间隙、转速、摩擦因数对机构摇杆加速度的影响,并研究了运动副内轴的接触、自由两种状态。结果表明,在一定条件下,轴在运动副内具有碰撞、接触、自由3种状态;系统稳定后,轴在运动副内始终处于接触状态,说明轴在运动副内的运动并不是随机碰撞;机构主要通过接触点变形产生的接触力而不是轴与轴承的碰撞力来传递动力。计算结果可以很好地预测间隙发生位置,对抑制间隙导致的机构振动、磨损等具有重要的理论价值。

打纬机构钢筘的柔性动力学分析

为研究共轭凸轮打纬机构中钢筘的柔性变形问题,基于有限元法对钢筘进行离散化,应用Lagrange方程建立柔性钢筘系统的动力学方程;利用ANSYS软件对钢筘进行网格划分,分析柔性钢筘的模态和振型等振动特性;在ADAMS中建立打纬机构刚-柔耦合模型,在考虑打纬阻力的情况下进行动力学仿真,并对钢筘进行应力分析。结果表明:建立的柔性钢筘动力学方程与仿真结果一致,验证了方程的正确性;钢筘在打纬机构运动过程中出现共振变形的可能性很小;施加打纬阻力时,刚-柔耦合模型的动力学性能相比刚性体时波动增大,并且打纬阻力变化对打纬机构加速度影响明显;钢筘在打纬过程中应力主要集中于下端附近。此结论可为打纬机构的优化设计提供依据。

Heat treatment bimetallic PdAu nanocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

Pd-based nanocatalyst is a potential oxygen reduction oxidation(ORR)catalyst because of its high activity in alkaline medium and low cost.In this work,bimetallic Pd Au nanocatalysts are prepared by one-pot hydrothermal method using triblock pluronic copolymers,poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO19-PPO69-PEO19)(P123)as reducer and stabilizer,and heat-treatment method is applied to regulate catalyst structure and improve catalyst activity.The results show that the heat treatment can agglomerate the catalyst to a certain extent,but effectively improve the crystallinity and alloying degree of the catalyst.The ORR performance of the Pd Au nanocatalysts obtained under different heat treatment conditions is systematically investigated.Compared with commercial Pd black and Pd Au catalyst before heat treatment,the ORR performance of Au Pd nanocatalyst obtained after heat treatment for one hour at 500℃ has been enhanced.The Pd Au nanocatalysts after heat treatment also display enhanced anti-methanol toxicity ability in acidic medium.

熔融沉积PLA材料动态力学行为及本构模型研究

为分析低、高应变率下增材制造熔融沉积材料聚乳酸(PLA)的静、动态力学性能,利用万能材料试验机和分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)实验装置分别对3种打印速度(40、80、120 mm/s)的PLA材料进行加载应变率为0.0005、1000、1500、2000 s^-1的静、动态力学性能测试,并观测了试样表面微观形貌。结果表明,PLA材料的弹性模量、屈服应力随应变率的增加而显著增加;微观形貌分析发现,打印速度为80 mm/s的材料缺陷较少,相同应变率下,该打印速度材料的弹性模量和屈服应力明显高于40 mm/s和120 mm/s 2种打印速度材料;静态载荷下,PLA材料会出现明显的弹性和塑性阶段,且塑性段呈现出了应变软化现象;动态载荷下,PLA材料具有显著的黏弹性特征,选取朱-王-唐(ZWT)模型建立了材料的黏弹性本构,该本构模型拟合曲线与实验曲线吻合较好。

Characterization of ghrelin mRNA expression in fasting Larimichthys crocea juveniles

Larimichthys crocea is a marine fish species cultured in China.Short-term starvation is often applied to improve the quality of cultured L.crocea,and the expression of ghrelin in tissues of stomach,muscle,brain,intestines,liver,and kidney,involved in starvation response,under starvation conditions were studied to understand the effect of starvation on the expression of ghrelin in L.crocea juveniles.The ghrelin expression was tissue-specific,and expression was significantly higher in the stomach compared to other tissues(P<0.01).Additionally,ghrelin expression in different tissues changed along with prolongation of fasting.In the stomach,ghrelin expression levels increased gradually at the beginning of the fast,and then declined after eight days of fasting.Gene expression in the brain and intestines increased at the beginning of the fast,and then decreased with longer fasting time.Interestingly,ghrelin expression declined at the beginning of the fast,then increased with longer fasting in the kidneys and muscles.These results suggest that ghrelin is involved in starvation response in L.crocea juveniles.This study provids insights into ghrelin function and an important reference for the development of reasonable feeding strategies for L.crocea juveniles.

基于数字图像相关法的熔融沉积聚乳酸材料动态力学性能测试

为研究熔融沉积聚乳酸(PLA)材料动态的力学性能,利用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)装置对PLA材料进行了加载应变率分别为880、1 230、1 650、2 230 s-1的动态压缩实验,通过高帧率图像采集设备获得了不同应变率下PLA材料的变形图像,结合数字图像相关(DIC)法分析得到PLA试样表面沿加载方向的应变场,并对应变率进行了分析。结果表明,熔融沉积PLA材料在动态载荷作用下的变形过程存在弹性阶段、塑性阶段和卸载阶段;随着应变率的增加,PLA材料在塑性阶段出现了显著的塑性流动区域;PLA材料的压缩强度和最大应变均随应变率增大而增大;利用DIC法测得在整个动态冲击实验过程中,应变在试样中分布基本均匀,应变范围随应变率增大而增大,应变率在整个加载过程中基本保持恒定;DIC法测得的应变与SHPB实验基本一致,应变率误差均小于3%,表明本研究使用的DIC法能够应用于SHPB实验。

Dynamic Modeling of Variable Stiffness and Damping for Spatial Linkage Weft Insertion Mechanism with Clearance

In order to further analyze the influence of clearance on the kinematic performance of spatial linkage weft insertion mechanism,it is necessary to study the dynamic characteristics of contact impact force model with the variable stiffness and damping coefficient.Firstly,the parameters in the output process of the system are solved by describing of the flexible joint clearance.Then,based on Lankarani-Nikravesh contact force model,the contact impact stiffness and damping coefficient is modified from fixed values to time-varying coefficients.The dynamic model of spatial linkage weft insertion mechanism with modified clearance is established by Lagrange method,and the dynamic characteristics of the system are calculated.The results show that the joint clearance can directly affect the output performance of the mechanism.With the increase of the clearance value,the curve fluctuations of acceleration,driving torque and collision force are obvious,and it will be further intensified with the increase of spindle speed,which greatly affects the stability of mechanism and fabric quality.Finally,the virtual prototype is established by the SolidWorks software and simulated by the ADAMS software.The simulation results are compared with the numerical results,which verifies the accuracy of the modeling method in this paper.

A New Methodology for Reducing Yaw Rate Estimation Error

The dependency of the steady-state yaw rate model on vehicle weight and its distribution is studied in this paper. A speed-dependent adjustment of the yaw rate model is proposed to reduce the yaw rate estimation error. This new methodology allows the calibration engineer to minimize the yaw rate estimation error caused by the different weight conditions without going through the calibration process multiple times. It is expected that this modified yaw rate model will improve the performance of Electronic Stability Control (ESC) systems such as response time and robustness.

The light and hypoxia induced gene ZmPORB1 determines tocopherol content in the maize kernel

Tocopherol is an important lipid-soluble antioxidant beneficial for both human health and plant growth. Here, we fine mapped a major QTLqVE1 affecting γ-tocopherol content in maize kernel, positionally cloned and confirmed the underlying gene ZmPORB1(por1), as a protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase. A 13.7 kb insertion reduced the tocopherol and chlorophyll content, and the photosynthetic activity by repressing ZmPORB1 expression in embryos of NIL-K22, but did not affect the levels of the tocopherol precursors HGA(homogentisic acid)and PMP(phytyl monophosphate). Furthermore, ZmPORB1 is inducible by low oxygen and light, thereby involved in the hypoxia response in developing embryos. Concurrent with natural hypoxia in embryos, the redox state has been changed with NO increasing and H_(2)O_(2) decreasing, which lowered γ-tocopherol content via scavenging reactive nitrogen species. In conclusion, we proposed that the lower lightharvesting chlorophyll content weakened embryo photosynthesis, leading to fewer oxygen supplies and consequently diverse hypoxic responses including an elevated γ-tocopherol consumption. Our findings shed light on the mechanism for fine-tuning endogenous oxygen concentration in the maize embryo through a novel feedback pathway involving the light and low oxygen regulation of ZmPORB1 expression and chlorophyll content.

Critical Review on Improved Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy-cuckoo Search-Elman Neural Network Modeling Methods for Whole-life-cycle Health State Estimation of Lithium-ion Battery Energy Storage Systems

Efficient and accurate health state estimation is crucial for lithium-ion battery(LIB)performance monitoring and economic evaluation.Effectively estimating the health state of LIBs online is the key but is also the most difficult task for energy storage systems.With high adaptability and applicability advantages,battery health state estimation based on data-driven techniques has attracted extensive attention from researchers around the world.Artificial neural network(ANN)-based methods are often used for state estimations of LIBs.As one of the ANN methods,the Elman neural network(ENN)model has been improved to estimate the battery state more efficiently and accurately.In this paper,an improved ENN estimation method based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and cuckoo search(CS)is established as the EIS-CS-ENN model to estimate the health state of LIBs.Also,the paper conducts a critical review of various ANN models against the EIS-CS-ENN model.This demonstrates that the EIS-CS-ENN model outperforms other models.The review also proves that,under the same conditions,selecting appropriate health indicators(HIs)according to the mathematical modeling ability and state requirements are the keys in estimating the health state efficiently.In the calculation process,several evaluation indicators are adopted to analyze and compare the modeling accuracy with other existing methods.Through the analysis of the evaluation results and the selection of HIs,conclusions and suggestions are put forward.Also,the robustness of the EIS-CS-ENN model for the health state estimation of LIBs is verified.

Adeno-associated virus as a delivery vector for gene therapy of human diseases

Adeno-associated virus(AAV)has emerged as a pivotal delivery tool in clinical gene therapy owing to its minimal pathogenicity and ability to establish long-term gene expression in different tissues.Recombinant AAV(rAAV)has been engineered for enhanced specificity and developed as a tool for treating various diseases.However,as rAAV is being more widely used as a therapy,the increased demand has created challenges for the existing manufacturing methods.Seven rAAV-based gene therapy products have received regulatory approval,but there continue to be concerns about safely using high-dose viral therapies in humans,including immune responses and adverse effects such as genotoxicity,hepatotoxicity,thrombotic microangiopathy,and neurotoxicity.In this review,we explore AAV biology with an emphasis on current vector engineering strategies and manufacturing technologies.We discuss how rAAVs are being employed in ongoing clinical trials for ocular,neurological,metabolic,hematological,neuromuscular,and cardiovascular diseases as well as cancers.We outline immune responses triggered by rAAV,address associated side effects,and discuss strategies to mitigate these reactions.We hope that discussing recent advancements and current challenges in the field will be a helpful guide for researchers and clinicians navigating the ever-evolving landscape of rAAV-based gene therapy.

The First High-quality Reference Genome of Sika Deer Provides Insights into High-tannin Adaptation

Sika deer are known to prefer oak leaves,which are rich in tannins and toxic to most mammals;however,the genetic mechanisms underlying their unique ability to adapt to living in the jungle are still unclear.In identifying the mechanism responsible for the tolerance of a highly toxic diet,we have made a major advancement by explaining the genome of sika deer.We generated the first high-quality,chromosome-level genome assembly of sika deer and measured the correlation between tannin intake and RNA expression in 15 tissues through 180 experiments.Comparative genome analyses showed that the UGT and CYP gene families are functionally involved in the adaptation of sika deer to high-tannin food,especially the expansion of the UGT family 2 subfamily B of UGT genes.The first chromosome-level assembly and genetic characterization of the tolerance to a highly toxic diet suggest that the sika deer genome may serve as an essential resource for understanding evolutionary events and tannin adaptation.Our study provides a paradigm of comparative expressive genomics that can be applied to the study of unique biological features in non-model animals.

A New Malicious Code Classification Method for the Security of Financial Software

The field of finance heavily relies on cybersecurity to safeguard its systems and clients from harmful software.The identification of malevolent code within financial software is vital for protecting both the financial system and individual clients.Nevertheless,present detection models encounter limitations in their ability to identify malevolent code and its variations,all while encompassing a multitude of parameters.To overcome these obsta-cles,we introduce a lean model for classifying families of malevolent code,formulated on Ghost-DenseNet-SE.This model integrates the Ghost module,DenseNet,and the squeeze-and-excitation(SE)channel domain attention mechanism.It substitutes the standard convolutional layer in DenseNet with the Ghost module,thereby diminishing the model’s size and augmenting recognition speed.Additionally,the channel domain attention mechanism assigns distinctive weights to feature channels,facilitating the extraction of pivotal characteristics of malevolent code and bolstering detection precision.Experimental outcomes on the Malimg dataset indicate that the model attained an accuracy of 99.14%in discerning families of malevolent code,surpassing AlexNet(97.8%)and The visual geometry group network(VGGNet)(96.16%).The proposed model exhibits reduced parameters,leading to decreased model complexity alongside enhanced classification accuracy,rendering it a valuable asset for categorizing malevolent code.