A major feature of neurodegeneration is disruption of central nervous system homeostasis,during which microglia play diverse roles.In the central nervous system,microglia serve as the first line of immune defense and ...A major feature of neurodegeneration is disruption of central nervous system homeostasis,during which microglia play diverse roles.In the central nervous system,microglia serve as the first line of immune defense and function in synapse pruning,injury repair,homeostasis maintenance,and regulation of brain development through scavenging and phagocytosis.Under pathological conditions or various stimulations,microglia proliferate,aggregate,and undergo a variety of changes in cell morphology,immunophenotype,and function.This review presents the features of microglia,especially their diversity and ability to change dynamically,and reinterprets their role as sensors for multiple stimulations and as effectors for brain aging and neurodegeneration.This review also summarizes some therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases that target microglia.展开更多
Objective: Human induced pluripotent stem(i PS) cells exhibit great potential for generating functional human cells for medical therapies. In this paper, we report for use of human i PS cells labeled with fluorescent ...Objective: Human induced pluripotent stem(i PS) cells exhibit great potential for generating functional human cells for medical therapies. In this paper, we report for use of human i PS cells labeled with fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles(FMNPs) for targeted imaging and synergistic therapy of gastric cancer cells in vivo. Methods: Human i PS cells were prepared and cultured for 72 h. The culture medium was collected, and then was coincubated with MGC803 cells. Cell viability was analyzed by the MTT method. FMNP-labeled human i PS cells were prepared and injected into gastric cancer-bearing nude mice. The mouse model was observed using a small-animal imaging system. The nude mice were irradiated under an external alternating magnetic field and evaluated using an infrared thermal mapping instrument. Tumor sizes were measured weekly. Results: iP S cells and the collected culture medium inhibited the growth of MGC803 cells. FMNP-labeled human iP S cells targeted and imaged gastric cancer cells in vivo, as well as inhibited cancer growth in vivo through the external magnetic field. Conclusion: FMNP-labeled human i PS cells exhibit considerable potential in applications such as targeted dual-mode imaging and synergistic therapy for early gastric cancer.展开更多
Accumulating evidence shows that cellular and acellular components in tumor microenvironment(TME)can reprogram tumor initiation,growth,invasion,metastasis,and response to therapies.Cancer research and treatment have s...Accumulating evidence shows that cellular and acellular components in tumor microenvironment(TME)can reprogram tumor initiation,growth,invasion,metastasis,and response to therapies.Cancer research and treatment have switched from a cancercentric model to a TME-centric one,considering the increasing significance of TME in cancer biology.Nonetheless,the clinical efficacy of therapeutic strategies targeting TME,especially the specific cells or pathways of TME,remains unsatisfactory.Classifying the chemopathological characteristics of TME and crosstalk among one another can greatly benefit further studies exploring effective treating methods.Herein,we present an updated image of TME with emphasis on hypoxic niche,immune microenvironment,metabolism microenvironment,acidic niche,innervated niche,and mechanical microenvironment.We then summarize conventional drugs including aspirin,celecoxib,β-adrenergic antagonist,metformin,and statin in new antitumor application.These drugs are considered as viable candidates for combination therapy due to their antitumor activity and extensive use in clinical practice.We also provide our outlook on directions and potential applications of TME theory.This review depicts a comprehensive and vivid landscape of TME from biology to treatment.展开更多
Dear Editor,Gastric cancer(GC)is among the most prevalent gastrointestinal malignancies.The occurrence of local deep infiltration or distant metastasis in GC is commonly associated with weak treatment and poor prognos...Dear Editor,Gastric cancer(GC)is among the most prevalent gastrointestinal malignancies.The occurrence of local deep infiltration or distant metastasis in GC is commonly associated with weak treatment and poor prognosis.1 Although,N4-Acetylcytidine(ac4C)represents one of the extensive chemical modifications in mRNAs that plays a pivotal role in modulating mRNA stability and the mRNA translation process(Fig.1b).展开更多
The methylcytosine dioxygenases TET proteins (TET1, TET2, and TET3) play important regulatory roles in neural function. In this study, we investigated the role of TET proteins in neuronal differentiation using Neuro...The methylcytosine dioxygenases TET proteins (TET1, TET2, and TET3) play important regulatory roles in neural function. In this study, we investigated the role of TET proteins in neuronal differentiation using Neuro2a cells as a model. We observed that knockdown of TET1, TET2 or TET3 promoted neuronal differentiation of Neuro2a cells, and their overexpression inhibited VPA (valproic acid)-induced neuronal differentiation, suggesting all three TET proteins negatively regulate neu- ronal differentiation of Neuro2a cells. Interestingly, the inducing activity of TET protein is independent of its enzymatic activity. Our previous studies have demon- strated that srGAP3 can negatively regulate neuronal differentiation of Neuro2a cells. Furthermore, we revealed that TET1 could positively regulate srGAP3 expression independent of its catalytic activity, and srGAP3 is required for TET-mediated neuronal differentiation of Neuro2a cells. The results presented here may facilitate better understanding of the role of TET proteins in neuronal differentiation, and provide a possible therapy target for neuroblastoma.展开更多
A recent research published in Science by Hsiue et al.1 introduced a CD3-targeting bispecific antibody that can bind to tumor cells by recognizing mutation-associated neoantigens and activate T cell-mediated tumor kil...A recent research published in Science by Hsiue et al.1 introduced a CD3-targeting bispecific antibody that can bind to tumor cells by recognizing mutation-associated neoantigens and activate T cell-mediated tumor killing by binding to CD3.The tumor suppressor gene TP53 is the most commonly mutated gene in various cancers.展开更多
Cancer,a complex and multifactorial disease,presents a significant challenge to global health.Despite significant advances in surgical,radiotherapeutic and immunological approaches,which have improved cancer treatment...Cancer,a complex and multifactorial disease,presents a significant challenge to global health.Despite significant advances in surgical,radiotherapeutic and immunological approaches,which have improved cancer treatment outcomes,drug therapy continues to serve as a key therapeutic strategy.However,the clinical efficacy of drug therapy is often constrained by drug resistance and severe toxic side effects,and thus there remains a critical need to develop novel cancer therapeutics.One promising strategy that has received widespread attention in recent years is drug repurposing:the identification of new applications for existing,clinically approved drugs.Drug repurposing possesses several inherent advantages in the context of cancer treatment since repurposed drugs are typically cost-effective,proven to be safe,and can significantly expedite the drug development process due to their already established safety profiles.In light of this,the present review offers a comprehensive overview of the various methods employed in drug repurposing,specifically focusing on the repurposing of drugs to treat cancer.We describe the antitumor properties of candidate drugs,and discuss in detail how they target both the hallmarks of cancer in tumor cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment.In addition,we examine the innovative strategy of integrating drug repurposing with nanotechnology to enhance topical drug delivery.We also emphasize the critical role that repurposed drugs can play when used as part of a combination therapy regimen.To conclude,we outline the challenges associated with repurposing drugs and consider the future prospects of these repurposed drugs transitioning into clinical application.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81401279(to ZYY),81873740(to ZYY)China International Medical Exchange Fund,No.2019-anesthesia-14(to ZYY)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai of China,No.18ZR1443100(to ZYY)Wuxin Project of International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine of China,No.2018-38(to ZYY)Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Innovation Center of Translational Medicine Collaboration of China,No.TM201729(to ZYY)the 12th Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine of China,No.1218201(to YX,MZJ and WLJ)。
文摘A major feature of neurodegeneration is disruption of central nervous system homeostasis,during which microglia play diverse roles.In the central nervous system,microglia serve as the first line of immune defense and function in synapse pruning,injury repair,homeostasis maintenance,and regulation of brain development through scavenging and phagocytosis.Under pathological conditions or various stimulations,microglia proliferate,aggregate,and undergo a variety of changes in cell morphology,immunophenotype,and function.This review presents the features of microglia,especially their diversity and ability to change dynamically,and reinterprets their role as sensors for multiple stimulations and as effectors for brain aging and neurodegeneration.This review also summarizes some therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases that target microglia.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81225010, 20803040, 81028009, and 31170961)National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (Grant No. 2010CB933902 and 2015CB931802)+1 种基金National Key Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) (Grant No. 2012AA022703 and 2014AA020700)Shanghai Science and Technology Fund (Grant No.13NM1401500)
文摘Objective: Human induced pluripotent stem(i PS) cells exhibit great potential for generating functional human cells for medical therapies. In this paper, we report for use of human i PS cells labeled with fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles(FMNPs) for targeted imaging and synergistic therapy of gastric cancer cells in vivo. Methods: Human i PS cells were prepared and cultured for 72 h. The culture medium was collected, and then was coincubated with MGC803 cells. Cell viability was analyzed by the MTT method. FMNP-labeled human i PS cells were prepared and injected into gastric cancer-bearing nude mice. The mouse model was observed using a small-animal imaging system. The nude mice were irradiated under an external alternating magnetic field and evaluated using an infrared thermal mapping instrument. Tumor sizes were measured weekly. Results: iP S cells and the collected culture medium inhibited the growth of MGC803 cells. FMNP-labeled human iP S cells targeted and imaged gastric cancer cells in vivo, as well as inhibited cancer growth in vivo through the external magnetic field. Conclusion: FMNP-labeled human i PS cells exhibit considerable potential in applications such as targeted dual-mode imaging and synergistic therapy for early gastric cancer.
基金supported by funding from the Project Nn10 of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital(Grant Number Nn102017-02)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number 81602323,81872149)+3 种基金Outstanding Youth Project of Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant Number YQ2019H027)Distinguished Young Scholars of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital(Grant Number JCQN2018-03)Yong Elite Training Foundation Grant of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital(Grant Number JY2016-02)Haiyan Fund Project of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital(Grant Number JJQN 2018-10).
文摘Accumulating evidence shows that cellular and acellular components in tumor microenvironment(TME)can reprogram tumor initiation,growth,invasion,metastasis,and response to therapies.Cancer research and treatment have switched from a cancercentric model to a TME-centric one,considering the increasing significance of TME in cancer biology.Nonetheless,the clinical efficacy of therapeutic strategies targeting TME,especially the specific cells or pathways of TME,remains unsatisfactory.Classifying the chemopathological characteristics of TME and crosstalk among one another can greatly benefit further studies exploring effective treating methods.Herein,we present an updated image of TME with emphasis on hypoxic niche,immune microenvironment,metabolism microenvironment,acidic niche,innervated niche,and mechanical microenvironment.We then summarize conventional drugs including aspirin,celecoxib,β-adrenergic antagonist,metformin,and statin in new antitumor application.These drugs are considered as viable candidates for combination therapy due to their antitumor activity and extensive use in clinical practice.We also provide our outlook on directions and potential applications of TME theory.This review depicts a comprehensive and vivid landscape of TME from biology to treatment.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.81960273)Gansu Natural Science Foundation(No.18JR3RA343)+4 种基金Gansu Fund project for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.18JR3RA262)the Key Projects of Department of Science and Technology in Gansu Province,China(No.1602FKDA001)the Science and Technology Innovation and Development Special Funding of Gansu province,China(G.F.R[2018]No.32)the Science and Technology Bureau 2018 Fund of the Chengguan District(2018KJGG0037)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017FYA0205302).
文摘Dear Editor,Gastric cancer(GC)is among the most prevalent gastrointestinal malignancies.The occurrence of local deep infiltration or distant metastasis in GC is commonly associated with weak treatment and poor prognosis.1 Although,N4-Acetylcytidine(ac4C)represents one of the extensive chemical modifications in mRNAs that plays a pivotal role in modulating mRNA stability and the mRNA translation process(Fig.1b).
文摘The methylcytosine dioxygenases TET proteins (TET1, TET2, and TET3) play important regulatory roles in neural function. In this study, we investigated the role of TET proteins in neuronal differentiation using Neuro2a cells as a model. We observed that knockdown of TET1, TET2 or TET3 promoted neuronal differentiation of Neuro2a cells, and their overexpression inhibited VPA (valproic acid)-induced neuronal differentiation, suggesting all three TET proteins negatively regulate neu- ronal differentiation of Neuro2a cells. Interestingly, the inducing activity of TET protein is independent of its enzymatic activity. Our previous studies have demon- strated that srGAP3 can negatively regulate neuronal differentiation of Neuro2a cells. Furthermore, we revealed that TET1 could positively regulate srGAP3 expression independent of its catalytic activity, and srGAP3 is required for TET-mediated neuronal differentiation of Neuro2a cells. The results presented here may facilitate better understanding of the role of TET proteins in neuronal differentiation, and provide a possible therapy target for neuroblastoma.
基金the Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital(CN)Nn10 Project(Nn10py2017-01)。
文摘A recent research published in Science by Hsiue et al.1 introduced a CD3-targeting bispecific antibody that can bind to tumor cells by recognizing mutation-associated neoantigens and activate T cell-mediated tumor killing by binding to CD3.The tumor suppressor gene TP53 is the most commonly mutated gene in various cancers.
基金This study was supported by research grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China to H.H.(82060442)the Foundation of the Education Department of Guizhou Province(no.[2022]214)+1 种基金the Undergraduate Teaching Engineering Construction Project of Guizhou College of Traditional Chinese Medicine to Y.X.(no.GZY-JG(2018)6)This work was funded in part by the China Scholarship Council(No.202008520053 to Y.X.).
文摘Cancer,a complex and multifactorial disease,presents a significant challenge to global health.Despite significant advances in surgical,radiotherapeutic and immunological approaches,which have improved cancer treatment outcomes,drug therapy continues to serve as a key therapeutic strategy.However,the clinical efficacy of drug therapy is often constrained by drug resistance and severe toxic side effects,and thus there remains a critical need to develop novel cancer therapeutics.One promising strategy that has received widespread attention in recent years is drug repurposing:the identification of new applications for existing,clinically approved drugs.Drug repurposing possesses several inherent advantages in the context of cancer treatment since repurposed drugs are typically cost-effective,proven to be safe,and can significantly expedite the drug development process due to their already established safety profiles.In light of this,the present review offers a comprehensive overview of the various methods employed in drug repurposing,specifically focusing on the repurposing of drugs to treat cancer.We describe the antitumor properties of candidate drugs,and discuss in detail how they target both the hallmarks of cancer in tumor cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment.In addition,we examine the innovative strategy of integrating drug repurposing with nanotechnology to enhance topical drug delivery.We also emphasize the critical role that repurposed drugs can play when used as part of a combination therapy regimen.To conclude,we outline the challenges associated with repurposing drugs and consider the future prospects of these repurposed drugs transitioning into clinical application.