Determining asteroid properties provides valuable physical insights but inverting them from photometric lightcurves remains computationally intensive.This paper presents a new approach that combines a simplified Celli...Determining asteroid properties provides valuable physical insights but inverting them from photometric lightcurves remains computationally intensive.This paper presents a new approach that combines a simplified Cellinoid shape model with the Parallel Differential Evolution(PDE)algorithm to accelerate inversion.The PDE algorithm is more efficient than the Differential Evolution algorithm,achieving an extraordinary speedup of 37.983 with 64 workers on multicore CPUs.The PDE algorithm accurately derives period and pole values from simulated data.The analysis of real asteroid lightcurves validates the method’s reliability:in comparison with results published elsewhere,the PDE algorithm accurately recovers the rotational periods and,given adequate viewing geometries,closely matches the pole orientations.The PDE approach converges to solutions within 20,000 iterations and under one hour,demonstrating its potential for large-scale data analysis.This work provides a promising new tool for unveiling asteroid physical properties by overcoming key computational bottlenecks.展开更多
There are more than 1000 microbial species living in the complex human intestine.The gut microbial community plays an important role in protecting the host against pathogenic microbes,modulating immunity,regulating me...There are more than 1000 microbial species living in the complex human intestine.The gut microbial community plays an important role in protecting the host against pathogenic microbes,modulating immunity,regulating metabolic processes,and is even regarded as an endocrine organ.However,traditional culture methods are very limited for identifying microbes.With the application of molecular biologic technology in the field of the intestinal microbiome,especially metagenomic sequencing of the next-generation sequencing technology,progress has been made in the study of the human intestinal microbiome.Metagenomics can be used to study intestinal microbiome diversity and dysbiosis,as well as its relationship to health and disease.Moreover,functional metagenomics can identify novel functional genes,microbial pathways,antibiotic resistance genes,functional dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome,and determine interactions and co-evolution between microbiota and host,though there are still some limitations.Metatranscriptomics,metaproteomics and metabolomics represent enormous complements to the understanding of the human gut microbiome.This review aims to demonstrate that metagenomics can be a powerful tool in studying the human gut microbiome with encouraging prospects.The limitations of metagenomics to be overcome are also discussed.Metatranscriptomics,metaproteomics and metabolomics in relation to the study of the human gut microbiome are also briefly discussed.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Hepatolithiasis is very common in East Asia. It is benign in nature, but has a high recurrence rate. It is likely to lead to biliary cirrhosis and increase the risk of cholangiocarcinoma. Hence, the treatm...BACKGROUND: Hepatolithiasis is very common in East Asia. It is benign in nature, but has a high recurrence rate. It is likely to lead to biliary cirrhosis and increase the risk of cholangiocarcinoma. Hence, the treatment of hepatolithiasis is difficult but vital. In this report, we present a novel approach to manage hepatolithiasis using the choledochoscopic Frequency-Doubled Double pulse Nd:YAG (FREDDY) laser lithotripsy combined with or without hepatectomy. METHODS: Between July 2009 and October 2012, 45 patients underwent choledochoscopic FREDDY laser lithotripsy combined with or without hepatectomy (laser lithotripsy group). Fortyeight patients underwent a traditional operation (traditional method group) from January 2009 to June 2009. Comparative analysis was made of demographic and clinical characteristics of the two groups. RESULTS: The final stone clearance rate of the laser lithotripsy group was 93.3%, whereas that of the traditional method group was 85.4% (P=0.22). In the laser lithotripsy group, 2 patients experienced hemobilia and 3 patients had acute cholangitis. In the traditional method group, 3 patients had intraoperative hemorrhage, 1 patient had bile leakage, 6 patients had acute cholangitis, and 1 patient died of liver failure. Moreover, the operative time in the traditional method group was significantly longer than that in the laser lithotripsy group (P=0.01). The mean hospital stay of the patients in the traditional method group was longer than that in the laser lithotripsy group (9.8 vs8.2 days, P=0.17). Recurrent intrahepatic bile duct stones were not found during the follow-up period in the two groups. CONCLUSION: Operative choledochoscopic FREDDY laser lithotripsy combined with or without hepatectomy may be an effective and safe treatment for hepatolithiasis.展开更多
BACKGROUND: With the development of new surgical tech- niques, pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with portal vein or superior mesenteric vein (PV/SMV) resection has been used in the treatment of patients with borderli...BACKGROUND: With the development of new surgical tech- niques, pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with portal vein or superior mesenteric vein (PV/SMV) resection has been used in the treatment of patients with borderline resectable pan- creatic cancer. However, opinions of surgeons differ in the effectiveness of this surgical technique. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of this approach in patients with pancreatic cancer. METHODS: Follow-up visits and retrospective analysis were carried out of 208 patients with pancreatic cancer who had undergone PD (PD group) and PD combined with PV/SMV resection and reconstruction (PDVR group) from June 2009 to May 2013 at our center. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the clinical features, the difference of survival time and risk factors of venous invasion in pancreatic cancer. Factors relating to postoperative survival time of pancreatic cancer were also investigated. RESULTS: In the PDVR group, which consisted of 42 cases, the 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates were 70%, 41% and 16%, respective- ly and the median survival time was 20.0 months. Among the 166 patients in the PD group, the 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates were 80%, 52%, and 12%, respectively with the median survival time of 26.0 months. No significant difference in survival time and R0 resection ratio was found between the two groups. Lum- bodorsal pain, tumor with pancreatic capsular invasion and bile duct infiltration were found to be independent risk factors for PV invasion in pancreatic cancer. In addition, non R0 resection,large tumor size (〉2 cm) and poorly differentiated tumor were independent risk factors for survival time in post-PD. CONCLUSIONS: The tumor has a higher chance of venous invasion if preoperative imagings indicate that it juxtaposes with the vessel. Lumbodorsal pain is the chief complaint. Pa- tients with pancreatic cancer associated with PV involvement should receive PDVR for R0 resection when preoperational assessment shows the chance for eradication.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation is a treatment of choice for both acute and chronic liver failure. Accompanied with the increase of long-term survival rates of recipients, metabolic syndrome and its individual comp...BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation is a treatment of choice for both acute and chronic liver failure. Accompanied with the increase of long-term survival rates of recipients, metabolic syndrome and its individual components, including obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension and hyperlipidemia, have become more frequent post liver transplantation. Here we reviewed the literature concerning the risk factors for the development of metabolic complications in liver recipients.展开更多
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST), which is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the digestive tract, account for 1%-3% of gastrointestinal tumors. Primary stromal tumors outside the gastrointestinal tract are col...Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST), which is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the digestive tract, account for 1%-3% of gastrointestinal tumors. Primary stromal tumors outside the gastrointestinal tract are collectively referred to as extra GISTs, and stromal tumors in different regions often have different prognoses. A primary hepatic GIST is a rare tumor with an unknown origin, which may be related to interstitial Cajal-like cells. Although primary hepatic GIST has certain characteristics on imaging, it lacks specific symptoms and signs;thus, the final diagnosis depends on pathological and genetic evidence. This review summarizes all cases of primary hepatic GIST described in the literature and comprehensively analyzes the detailed clinical data of all patients. In terms of treatment, local resection alone or with adjuvant therapy was the prioritized choice to obtain better disease-free survival and longer survival time. For advanced unresectable cases, imatinib mesylate was applied as the first-line chemotherapy agent. Moreover, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,/by-nc/4.0/Manuscript source: Unsolicited manuscript radiofrequency ablation, and microwave ablation were shown to improve overall survival for selected patients. Liver transplantation was a final treatment option after resistance to chemotherapy developed.展开更多
BACKGROUND Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the pancreas(SCP) is a rare and aggressive epithelial tumor that has both epithelial and mesenchymal features. It is characterized by sarcomatous elements with evidence of epithelia...BACKGROUND Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the pancreas(SCP) is a rare and aggressive epithelial tumor that has both epithelial and mesenchymal features. It is characterized by sarcomatous elements with evidence of epithelial differentiation. And the term"sarcomatoid carcinoma" is often confused with "carcinosarcoma".CASE SUMMARY We present a case of SCP with lymph node metastasis in a 59-year-old male patient. He had experienced darkening of the urine, scleral icterus, and fatigue for 4 weeks. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass in the pancreatic head, and laboratory tests revealed elevated serum bilirubin levels. The patient underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy after biliary decompression. Histologically, spindle cells with marked nuclear atypia and brisk mitotic activity arranged in a storiform or fascicular pattern were present in the bulk of the tumor. Immunohistochemical analysis found that the spindle cells exhibited strong diffuse positivity for epithelial markers, indicative of epithelial differentiation. Accordingly, the pathologic diagnosis of the pancreatic neoplasm was SCP.CONCLUSION Although sarcomatoid carcinomas and carcinosarcomas have different pathologic features, both have epithelial origin.展开更多
Objective: To sum up the experience in liver trans- plantation in a period of ten years at a single center. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical re- cords of 120 patients receiving liver transplantation f...Objective: To sum up the experience in liver trans- plantation in a period of ten years at a single center. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical re- cords of 120 patients receiving liver transplantation from April 1993 to October 2002. The patients' cli- nical characteristics, surgical techniques, complica- tions and survival were compared in the phases of 1993-1997 (phase Ⅰ), 1999 (phase Ⅱ), and 2000- 2002 (phase Ⅲ). Results: Malignant liver diseases were major indica- tions for liver transplantation in phase Ⅰ(100%) and Ⅱ(53. 3%), but decreased markedly in percentage in phase Ⅲ(34. 0%). When compared with recipi- ents in phase Ⅰ and Ⅱ, the survival of recipients with benign liver diseases in phase Ⅲ was significantly im- proved with the 3-month, 6-month and 1-year sur- vival rates of 85. 7%, 84. 5% and 83. 1%, respec- tively. For patients with malignant liver diseases, the 3-month, 6-month and 1-year survival rates were 87. 4%, 81. 1% and 46. 0%, respectively. The rein- fection rate of hepatitis B virus was 24% 12 months after transplantation. With technical refinements, the incidence of postransplantation vascular compli- cations has significantly decreased from 29. 4% in phase Ⅰ and Ⅱ to 4. 9% in phase Ⅲ. Biliary compli- cations remained one of the major obstacles to long- term survival. No reno-venous bypass was applied in phase Ⅲ, providing a promising outcome. Conclusion: Strict selection of potential recipients, technical refinement, appropriate management of vascular and biliary complications, and prophylaxis of recurrences of hepatitis B and malignant liver dis- eases are important to obtain long-term survival of patients receiving liver transplantation in China.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Exosomes and exosomal microRNAs have been implicated in tumor occurrence and metastasis.Our previous study showed that microRNA-761(miR-761)is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)tissues and that ...BACKGROUND:Exosomes and exosomal microRNAs have been implicated in tumor occurrence and metastasis.Our previous study showed that microRNA-761(miR-761)is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)tissues and that its inhibition affects mitochondrial function and inhibits HCC metastasis.The mechanism by which exosomal miR-761 modulates the tumor microenvironment has not been elucidated.METHODS:Exosomal miR-761 was detected in six cell lines.Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)and transwell migration assays were performed to determine the function of exosomal miR-761 in HCC cells.The luciferase reporter assay was used to analyze miR-761 target genes in normal fi broblasts(NFs).The inhibitors AZD1480 and C188-9 were employed to determine the role of the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(JAK2/STAT3)signaling pathway in the transformation of cancer-associated fi broblasts(CAFs).RESULTS:In this study,we characterized the mechanism by which miR-761 reprogrammed the tumor microenvironment.We found that HCC-derived exosomal miR-761 was taken up by NFs.Moreover,HCC exosomes aff ected the tumor microenvironment by activating NFs via suppressor of cytokine signaling 2(SOCS2)and the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.CONCLUSIONS:These results demonstrated that exosomal miR-761 modulated the tumor microenvironment via SOCS2/JAK2/STAT3 pathway-dependent activation of CAFs.Our fi ndings may inspire new strategies for HCC prevention and therapy.展开更多
Schwannomas are mesenchymal tumors originating from Schwann cells in peripheral nerve sheaths. Although the tumor can be located in any part of the human body, the most common locations are the head, neck, trunk and e...Schwannomas are mesenchymal tumors originating from Schwann cells in peripheral nerve sheaths. Although the tumor can be located in any part of the human body, the most common locations are the head, neck, trunk and extremities. Pancreaticschwannomas are rare. To our knowledge, only 64 cases of pancreatic schwannoma have been reported in the English literature over the past 40 years. In this paper, we present a pancreatic schwannoma in a 59-year-old female. Ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed the tumor located in the pancreatic body; however, accurate diagnosis was hard to obtain preoperatively and a pancreatic cystadenoma was preliminarily considered. During laparotomy, the mass was found in the body of the pancreas. An enlarged gallbladder with multiple stones was also observed. We performed central pancreatectomy, end-to-side pancreaticojejunostomy and cholecystectomy. Notably, central pancreatectomy has been reported in only one case prior to this report. The gross specimen showed a mass with a thin capsule, 1.6 cm × 1.1 cm × 1.1 cm in size. Microscopic examination showed that the tumor was mainly composed of spindle-shaped cells with palisading arrangement and no atypia, which is consistent with a benign tumor. Both hypercellular and hypocellular areas were visible. Immunohistochemical staining revealed strongly positive results for protein S-100. Finally, the tumor was diagnosed as a schwannoma of the pancreatic body. Postoperatively, the patient recovered well and left the hospital 6 d later. During the 53-mo follow-up period, the patient remained well and free of complications.展开更多
O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase(MGMT), a DNA repair enzyme, has been reported in some congenital malformations, but it is less frequently reported in neural tube defects. This study investigated MGMT mRNA expre...O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase(MGMT), a DNA repair enzyme, has been reported in some congenital malformations, but it is less frequently reported in neural tube defects. This study investigated MGMT mRNA expression and methylation levels in the early embryo and in different embryonic stages, as well as the relationship between MGMT and neural tube defects. Spina bifida aperta was induced in rats by a single intragastric administration of all-trans retinoic acid on embryonic day(E) 10, whereas normal control rats received the same amount of olive oil on the same embryonic day. DNA damage was assessed by detecting γ-H2 A.X in spina bifida aperta rats. Real time-polymerase chain reaction was used to examine mRNA expression of MGMT in normal control and spina bifida aperta rats. In normal controls, the MGMT mRNA expression decreased with increasing embryonic days, and was remarkably reduced from E11 to E14, reaching a minimum at E18. In the spina bifida aperta model, γ-H2 A.X protein expression was increased, and mRNA expression of MGMT was markedly decreased on E14, E16, and E18. Bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction for MGMT promoter methylation demonstrated that almost all CpG sites in the MGMT promoter remained unmethylated in both spina bifida aperta rats and normal controls, and there was no significant difference in methylation level between the two groups on either E14 or E18. Our results show that DNA damage occurs in spina bifida aperta rats. The mRNA expression of MGMT is downregulated, and this downregulation is independent of promoter DNA methylation.展开更多
Dear editor,Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)is a modality of extracorporeal life support that allows for temporary support in pulmonary and/or cardiac failure refractory to conventional therapy.[1]ECMO use ha...Dear editor,Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)is a modality of extracorporeal life support that allows for temporary support in pulmonary and/or cardiac failure refractory to conventional therapy.[1]ECMO use has been exponentially increasing over the last decade and is now considered a mainstream lifesaving treatment modality in critical care medicine.Many studies report ECMO use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome refractory to conventional clinical support,in-hospital cardiac arrest,and cardiogenic refractory shock.[1-3]Herein,we report the use of veno-arterial ECMO(VA-ECMO)in the first successful combined lung-liver transplantation(CLLT)patient in China.展开更多
Schwannomas are neurogenic tumors that arise from the neural sheaths of peripheral nerves.These tumors can be located in any area of the human body;the most common locations are the head,neck,trunk and extremities.Pan...Schwannomas are neurogenic tumors that arise from the neural sheaths of peripheral nerves.These tumors can be located in any area of the human body;the most common locations are the head,neck,trunk and extremities.Pancreatic schwannomas are very rare.Over the past 40 years,only 67 cases of pancreatic schwannomas have been reported in the English literature.Here we present a case of pancreatic schwannoma in a 62-year-old male.The tumor was revealed by ultrasound and computed tomography in the neck and body of the pancreas.An accurate diagnosis was difficult to obtain preoperatively.The patient consented to the performance of a laparotomy,and the mass was found in the neck and body of the pancreas and successfully treated using a spleenpreserving distal pancreatectomy with splenic artery and vein preservation.The procedure has only been reported in one other case of pancreatic schwannoma;here we present the second reported case.Macroscopically,the tumor was well circumscribed,gray-white in color and3.3 cm×2.8 cm in size.Microscopically,the tumor cells were spindle-shaped and had a palisading arrangement with no atypia,which are results compatible with a benign tumor.Both hypercellular and hypocellular areas were visible.Immunohistochemically,the tumor cells were strongly positive for S-100 protein.The tumor was definitively diagnosed as a schwannoma of the pancreatic neck and body.The patient was followed for 72 mo and has been doing well without any complications.展开更多
Schwannomas are mesenchymal neoplasms with low malignant potential that arise from Schwann cells. They can occur almost anywhere, although the most common locations are the head, neck and extremities. Primary benign s...Schwannomas are mesenchymal neoplasms with low malignant potential that arise from Schwann cells. They can occur almost anywhere, although the most common locations are the head, neck and extremities. Primary benign schwannoma of the hepatoduodenal ligament is rare. To date, only three cases have been reported in the English literature. In the present study, we report a case of hepatoduodenal ligament schwannoma in a 43-year-old male, who was admitted to our hospital because of a abdominal mass found by physical examination. It was hard to determine the definitive location and diagnosis of the mass using ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. During laparotomy, the mass was found in the hepatoduodenal ligament and close to the cholecystic duct, so we resected the gallbladder and cholecystic duct along with the mass. The gross specimen revealed an 8.5 cm × 5.5 cm × 3.0 cm localized tumor. Microscopic examination showed that the tumor was mainly composed of spindle-shaped cells. Immunohistochemical staining showed a strong positive S-100 protein reaction. Finally, the lesion was diagnosed as a benign schwannoma in the hepatoduodenal ligament. However, one month later, the patient was readmitted to our hospital because of skin and sclera jaundice caused by common bile duct stenosis without common bile duct stone or tumor. The patient recovered well after implantation of a common bile duct stent under endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. He was followed up for a period of 17 mo, during which he was well with no complications.展开更多
BACKGROUND: The prognostic prediction of liver transplantation(LT) guides the donor organ allocation. However, there is currently no satisfactory model to predict the recipients’ outcome, especially for the patien...BACKGROUND: The prognostic prediction of liver transplantation(LT) guides the donor organ allocation. However, there is currently no satisfactory model to predict the recipients’ outcome, especially for the patients with HBV cirrhosis-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). The present study was to develop a quantitative assessment model for predicting the post-LT survival in HBV-related HCC patients.METHODS: Two hundred and thirty-eight LT recipients at the Liver Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine between 2008 and 2013 were included in this study. Their post-LT prognosis was recorded and multiple risk factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses in Cox regression.RESULTS: The score model was as follows: 0.114×(Child-Pugh score)-0.002×(positive HBV DNA detection time)+0.647×(number of tumor nodules)+0.055×(max diameter of tumor nodules)+0.231×ln AFP+0.437×(tumor differentiation grade).The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of the scoring model for predicting the post-LT survival was 0.887. The cut-off value was 1.27, which was associated with a sensitivity of 72.5% and a specificity of 90.7%, respectively.CONCLUSION: The quantitative score model for predicting post-LT survival proved to be sensitive and specific.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the gene expression of 4-1BB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and its possible significance in clinical liver transplantation. METHODS: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain rea...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the gene expression of 4-1BB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and its possible significance in clinical liver transplantation. METHODS: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the gene expression of 4-1BB in PBMCs from 22 patients receiving liver transplantation, 13 patients with primary liver carcinoma (PLC), and 12 healthy controls. To determine whether 4-1BB molecule is also expressed on the surface of CD4^+ and CD8^+ T cell, flow cytometry was used to analyse the phenotype of T cell subsets from the blood of liver transplantation patients. RESULTS: 4-1BB mRNA was detected in PBMCs from stable survivors after liver transplantation, but almost not deteeted in PBMCs from PLC patients and healthy controls. Meanwhile, 4-1BB was almost not expressed on the surface of CD4^+ and CD8^+ T cells in healthy controls and PLC patients. A low level of 4-1BB expression, however, was found on the surface of CD4^+ and CD8^+ T cells from the stable survivors after liver transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that although patients are stable after liver transplantation, effector T-cells can also be activated through the signal of 4-1BB molecule and persistent irmmune response to grafts. Blockage of 4-1BB/4-1BBL pathway may benefitially reduce the clinical dosage of immunosuppressive agents and prolong the survival of grafts.展开更多
Adrenocortical cancer(ACC)is an infrequent and often aggressive malignancy with a very poor prognosis.It can be classified as functional or nonfunctional.Nonfunctional ACC is hampered by the absence of specific signs ...Adrenocortical cancer(ACC)is an infrequent and often aggressive malignancy with a very poor prognosis.It can be classified as functional or nonfunctional.Nonfunctional ACC is hampered by the absence of specific signs or symptoms;only abdominal pain with or without incidental adrenal occupation is typically present.CASE SUMMARY We report a rare case of a patient with a 30 cm×15 cm×8 cm ectopic ACC on the anterior abdominal wall without organ adhesion.A 77-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of a huge abdominal mass,which,by ultrasonography,had an unclear border with the liver.Computed tomography showed that the mass was not associated with any organ but was adherent to the anterior abdominal wall.The patient underwent tumor resection,and a postoperative pathology examination showed a neuroendocrine tumor,which was diagnosed as ACC.The patient was disease-free at the 9-mo follow up.CONCLUSION The anterior abdominal wall is a rare site of ACC growth.展开更多
Objective: To sum up the preliminary experience in living related liver transplantation (LRLT). Methods: A 9-month-old male infant with biliary atresia (BA) who had undergone an unsuccessful Kasai operation was define...Objective: To sum up the preliminary experience in living related liver transplantation (LRLT). Methods: A 9-month-old male infant with biliary atresia (BA) who had undergone an unsuccessful Kasai operation was defined as a candidate for LR- LT. The donor was his 30-year-old mother. Her la- teral lobe of the left liver was transplanted into the infant's body as the graft. The left branches of the portal vein, left hepatic artery and left hepatic vein of the graft were end-to-end anastomosed to the por- tal vein, hepatic artery proper and hepatic vein of the recipient respectively. Biliary drainage was re- established via Roux-en-Y operation. Results: The donor retained her liver function within 2 weeks after the operation. Steroid and FK506 were prescribed in immunosuppressive therapy for the re- cipient. The blood bilirubin level of the infant de- creased to normal 2 weeks after operation. No acute rejection occurred. Biliary leakage in the early peri- od after the transplantation was controlled by drain- age, and E. coli infection was effectively treated with antibiotics. The donor and recipient are in satisfacto- ry condition to the present. Conclusion: LRLT is advisable for children with bili- ary atresia.展开更多
Primary benign schwannoma of the mesentery is extremely rare. To date, only 9 cases have been reported in the English literature, while mesenteric schwannoma with ossified degeneration has not been reported thus far. ...Primary benign schwannoma of the mesentery is extremely rare. To date, only 9 cases have been reported in the English literature, while mesenteric schwannoma with ossified degeneration has not been reported thus far. In the present study, we present the first giant ossified benign mesenteric schwannoma in a 58-year-old female. Ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were used, but it was still difficult to determine the definitive location and diagnose the mass. By laparotomy, a 10.0 cm × 9.0 cm × 9.0 cm giant mass was found in the mesentery and was then completely resected. Microscopically, the tumour located in the mesentery mainly consisted of spindleshaped cells with a palisading arrangement. Some areas of the tumour were ossified, and a true metaplastic bone formation was observed, with the presence of bone lamellae and osteoblasts. Immunohistochemical investigation of the tumour located in the mesentery showed that the staining for the S-100 protein was strongly positive, while the stainings of SMA, CD34, CD117 and DOG-1 were negative. The cell proliferation index, measured with Ki67 staining, was less than 3%. Finally, a giant ossified benign mesenteric schwannoma was diagnosed. After surgery, the patient was followed up for a period of 43 mo, during which she remained well, with no evidence of tumour recurrence.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Living donor liver transplantation(LDLT)has been widely accepted over the past decade, and hepatic dysfunction often occurs in the donor in the early stage after liver donation. The present study aimed to ...BACKGROUND: Living donor liver transplantation(LDLT)has been widely accepted over the past decade, and hepatic dysfunction often occurs in the donor in the early stage after liver donation. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of intraoperative cholangiography(IOC) and parenchymal resection on liver function of donors in LDLT, and to assess the role of IOC in influencing the biliary complications and improving the overall outcome.METHODS: Data from 40 patients who had donated their right lobes for LDLT were analyzed. Total bilirubin(TB), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT)at different time points were compared, and the follow-up data and the biliary complications were also analyzed.RESULTS: The ALT and AST values were significantly increased after IOC(P<0.001) and parenchymal resection(P<0.001).However, the median values of TB, ALP and GGT were not significantly influenced by IOC(P>0.05) or parenchymal resection(P>0.05). The biochemical changes caused by IOC or parenchymal resection were not correlated with the degree of post-operative liver injury or the recovery of liver function. The liver functions of the donors after operation were stable, and none of the donors suffered from biliary stenosis or leakage during the follow-up.CONCLUSIONS: IOC and parenchymal resection may induce a transient increase in liver enzymes of donors in LDLT, but do not affect the recovery of liver function after operation. Moreover,the routine IOC is helpful to clarify the division line of the hepatic duct, thus reducing the biliary complication rate.展开更多
基金supported by the Characteristic innovation project of Guangdong Provincial Department of Education(No.2023KTSCX195)Scientific Computing Research Innovation Team of Guangdong Province(No.2021KCXTD052)+2 种基金Guangdong Key Construction Discipline Research Capacity Enhancement Project(No.2022ZD JS049)Technology Planning Project of Shaoguan(No.230330108034184)Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(No.0096/2022/A)。
文摘Determining asteroid properties provides valuable physical insights but inverting them from photometric lightcurves remains computationally intensive.This paper presents a new approach that combines a simplified Cellinoid shape model with the Parallel Differential Evolution(PDE)algorithm to accelerate inversion.The PDE algorithm is more efficient than the Differential Evolution algorithm,achieving an extraordinary speedup of 37.983 with 64 workers on multicore CPUs.The PDE algorithm accurately derives period and pole values from simulated data.The analysis of real asteroid lightcurves validates the method’s reliability:in comparison with results published elsewhere,the PDE algorithm accurately recovers the rotational periods and,given adequate viewing geometries,closely matches the pole orientations.The PDE approach converges to solutions within 20,000 iterations and under one hour,demonstrating its potential for large-scale data analysis.This work provides a promising new tool for unveiling asteroid physical properties by overcoming key computational bottlenecks.
基金Supported by National Basic Research Program(973 Program)of China,No.2013CB531403
文摘There are more than 1000 microbial species living in the complex human intestine.The gut microbial community plays an important role in protecting the host against pathogenic microbes,modulating immunity,regulating metabolic processes,and is even regarded as an endocrine organ.However,traditional culture methods are very limited for identifying microbes.With the application of molecular biologic technology in the field of the intestinal microbiome,especially metagenomic sequencing of the next-generation sequencing technology,progress has been made in the study of the human intestinal microbiome.Metagenomics can be used to study intestinal microbiome diversity and dysbiosis,as well as its relationship to health and disease.Moreover,functional metagenomics can identify novel functional genes,microbial pathways,antibiotic resistance genes,functional dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome,and determine interactions and co-evolution between microbiota and host,though there are still some limitations.Metatranscriptomics,metaproteomics and metabolomics represent enormous complements to the understanding of the human gut microbiome.This review aims to demonstrate that metagenomics can be a powerful tool in studying the human gut microbiome with encouraging prospects.The limitations of metagenomics to be overcome are also discussed.Metatranscriptomics,metaproteomics and metabolomics in relation to the study of the human gut microbiome are also briefly discussed.
基金supported by grants from the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81121002)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Y2100498)
文摘BACKGROUND: Hepatolithiasis is very common in East Asia. It is benign in nature, but has a high recurrence rate. It is likely to lead to biliary cirrhosis and increase the risk of cholangiocarcinoma. Hence, the treatment of hepatolithiasis is difficult but vital. In this report, we present a novel approach to manage hepatolithiasis using the choledochoscopic Frequency-Doubled Double pulse Nd:YAG (FREDDY) laser lithotripsy combined with or without hepatectomy. METHODS: Between July 2009 and October 2012, 45 patients underwent choledochoscopic FREDDY laser lithotripsy combined with or without hepatectomy (laser lithotripsy group). Fortyeight patients underwent a traditional operation (traditional method group) from January 2009 to June 2009. Comparative analysis was made of demographic and clinical characteristics of the two groups. RESULTS: The final stone clearance rate of the laser lithotripsy group was 93.3%, whereas that of the traditional method group was 85.4% (P=0.22). In the laser lithotripsy group, 2 patients experienced hemobilia and 3 patients had acute cholangitis. In the traditional method group, 3 patients had intraoperative hemorrhage, 1 patient had bile leakage, 6 patients had acute cholangitis, and 1 patient died of liver failure. Moreover, the operative time in the traditional method group was significantly longer than that in the laser lithotripsy group (P=0.01). The mean hospital stay of the patients in the traditional method group was longer than that in the laser lithotripsy group (9.8 vs8.2 days, P=0.17). Recurrent intrahepatic bile duct stones were not found during the follow-up period in the two groups. CONCLUSION: Operative choledochoscopic FREDDY laser lithotripsy combined with or without hepatectomy may be an effective and safe treatment for hepatolithiasis.
基金supported by grants from the Research Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry of Health(201202007)the National Key Specialty Construction of Clinical Project(General Surgery)+1 种基金the Education Department of Zhejiang Province(Y201328225)the Health Department of Zhejiang Province(201484382)
文摘BACKGROUND: With the development of new surgical tech- niques, pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with portal vein or superior mesenteric vein (PV/SMV) resection has been used in the treatment of patients with borderline resectable pan- creatic cancer. However, opinions of surgeons differ in the effectiveness of this surgical technique. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of this approach in patients with pancreatic cancer. METHODS: Follow-up visits and retrospective analysis were carried out of 208 patients with pancreatic cancer who had undergone PD (PD group) and PD combined with PV/SMV resection and reconstruction (PDVR group) from June 2009 to May 2013 at our center. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the clinical features, the difference of survival time and risk factors of venous invasion in pancreatic cancer. Factors relating to postoperative survival time of pancreatic cancer were also investigated. RESULTS: In the PDVR group, which consisted of 42 cases, the 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates were 70%, 41% and 16%, respective- ly and the median survival time was 20.0 months. Among the 166 patients in the PD group, the 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates were 80%, 52%, and 12%, respectively with the median survival time of 26.0 months. No significant difference in survival time and R0 resection ratio was found between the two groups. Lum- bodorsal pain, tumor with pancreatic capsular invasion and bile duct infiltration were found to be independent risk factors for PV invasion in pancreatic cancer. In addition, non R0 resection,large tumor size (〉2 cm) and poorly differentiated tumor were independent risk factors for survival time in post-PD. CONCLUSIONS: The tumor has a higher chance of venous invasion if preoperative imagings indicate that it juxtaposes with the vessel. Lumbodorsal pain is the chief complaint. Pa- tients with pancreatic cancer associated with PV involvement should receive PDVR for R0 resection when preoperational assessment shows the chance for eradication.
基金supported by a grant from the Public Welfare Technology Application Research Plan of Zhejiang(2015C33117)
文摘BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation is a treatment of choice for both acute and chronic liver failure. Accompanied with the increase of long-term survival rates of recipients, metabolic syndrome and its individual components, including obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension and hyperlipidemia, have become more frequent post liver transplantation. Here we reviewed the literature concerning the risk factors for the development of metabolic complications in liver recipients.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 81572307 and 81773096。
文摘Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST), which is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the digestive tract, account for 1%-3% of gastrointestinal tumors. Primary stromal tumors outside the gastrointestinal tract are collectively referred to as extra GISTs, and stromal tumors in different regions often have different prognoses. A primary hepatic GIST is a rare tumor with an unknown origin, which may be related to interstitial Cajal-like cells. Although primary hepatic GIST has certain characteristics on imaging, it lacks specific symptoms and signs;thus, the final diagnosis depends on pathological and genetic evidence. This review summarizes all cases of primary hepatic GIST described in the literature and comprehensively analyzes the detailed clinical data of all patients. In terms of treatment, local resection alone or with adjuvant therapy was the prioritized choice to obtain better disease-free survival and longer survival time. For advanced unresectable cases, imatinib mesylate was applied as the first-line chemotherapy agent. Moreover, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,/by-nc/4.0/Manuscript source: Unsolicited manuscript radiofrequency ablation, and microwave ablation were shown to improve overall survival for selected patients. Liver transplantation was a final treatment option after resistance to chemotherapy developed.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81572307 and No.81773096Major Project of Medical and Health Technology Development Program in Zhejiang Province,No.7211902Science and Technology Major Project of Zhejiang Province,No.2014C13G2010059 and No.2014C03041-2
文摘BACKGROUND Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the pancreas(SCP) is a rare and aggressive epithelial tumor that has both epithelial and mesenchymal features. It is characterized by sarcomatous elements with evidence of epithelial differentiation. And the term"sarcomatoid carcinoma" is often confused with "carcinosarcoma".CASE SUMMARY We present a case of SCP with lymph node metastasis in a 59-year-old male patient. He had experienced darkening of the urine, scleral icterus, and fatigue for 4 weeks. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass in the pancreatic head, and laboratory tests revealed elevated serum bilirubin levels. The patient underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy after biliary decompression. Histologically, spindle cells with marked nuclear atypia and brisk mitotic activity arranged in a storiform or fascicular pattern were present in the bulk of the tumor. Immunohistochemical analysis found that the spindle cells exhibited strong diffuse positivity for epithelial markers, indicative of epithelial differentiation. Accordingly, the pathologic diagnosis of the pancreatic neoplasm was SCP.CONCLUSION Although sarcomatoid carcinomas and carcinosarcomas have different pathologic features, both have epithelial origin.
文摘Objective: To sum up the experience in liver trans- plantation in a period of ten years at a single center. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical re- cords of 120 patients receiving liver transplantation from April 1993 to October 2002. The patients' cli- nical characteristics, surgical techniques, complica- tions and survival were compared in the phases of 1993-1997 (phase Ⅰ), 1999 (phase Ⅱ), and 2000- 2002 (phase Ⅲ). Results: Malignant liver diseases were major indica- tions for liver transplantation in phase Ⅰ(100%) and Ⅱ(53. 3%), but decreased markedly in percentage in phase Ⅲ(34. 0%). When compared with recipi- ents in phase Ⅰ and Ⅱ, the survival of recipients with benign liver diseases in phase Ⅲ was significantly im- proved with the 3-month, 6-month and 1-year sur- vival rates of 85. 7%, 84. 5% and 83. 1%, respec- tively. For patients with malignant liver diseases, the 3-month, 6-month and 1-year survival rates were 87. 4%, 81. 1% and 46. 0%, respectively. The rein- fection rate of hepatitis B virus was 24% 12 months after transplantation. With technical refinements, the incidence of postransplantation vascular compli- cations has significantly decreased from 29. 4% in phase Ⅰ and Ⅱ to 4. 9% in phase Ⅲ. Biliary compli- cations remained one of the major obstacles to long- term survival. No reno-venous bypass was applied in phase Ⅲ, providing a promising outcome. Conclusion: Strict selection of potential recipients, technical refinement, appropriate management of vascular and biliary complications, and prophylaxis of recurrences of hepatitis B and malignant liver dis- eases are important to obtain long-term survival of patients receiving liver transplantation in China.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82072203)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ19H160025).
文摘BACKGROUND:Exosomes and exosomal microRNAs have been implicated in tumor occurrence and metastasis.Our previous study showed that microRNA-761(miR-761)is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)tissues and that its inhibition affects mitochondrial function and inhibits HCC metastasis.The mechanism by which exosomal miR-761 modulates the tumor microenvironment has not been elucidated.METHODS:Exosomal miR-761 was detected in six cell lines.Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)and transwell migration assays were performed to determine the function of exosomal miR-761 in HCC cells.The luciferase reporter assay was used to analyze miR-761 target genes in normal fi broblasts(NFs).The inhibitors AZD1480 and C188-9 were employed to determine the role of the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(JAK2/STAT3)signaling pathway in the transformation of cancer-associated fi broblasts(CAFs).RESULTS:In this study,we characterized the mechanism by which miR-761 reprogrammed the tumor microenvironment.We found that HCC-derived exosomal miR-761 was taken up by NFs.Moreover,HCC exosomes aff ected the tumor microenvironment by activating NFs via suppressor of cytokine signaling 2(SOCS2)and the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.CONCLUSIONS:These results demonstrated that exosomal miR-761 modulated the tumor microenvironment via SOCS2/JAK2/STAT3 pathway-dependent activation of CAFs.Our fi ndings may inspire new strategies for HCC prevention and therapy.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81572307the National Basic Research Program (973 Program) in China,No.2013CB531403
文摘Schwannomas are mesenchymal tumors originating from Schwann cells in peripheral nerve sheaths. Although the tumor can be located in any part of the human body, the most common locations are the head, neck, trunk and extremities. Pancreaticschwannomas are rare. To our knowledge, only 64 cases of pancreatic schwannoma have been reported in the English literature over the past 40 years. In this paper, we present a pancreatic schwannoma in a 59-year-old female. Ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed the tumor located in the pancreatic body; however, accurate diagnosis was hard to obtain preoperatively and a pancreatic cystadenoma was preliminarily considered. During laparotomy, the mass was found in the body of the pancreas. An enlarged gallbladder with multiple stones was also observed. We performed central pancreatectomy, end-to-side pancreaticojejunostomy and cholecystectomy. Notably, central pancreatectomy has been reported in only one case prior to this report. The gross specimen showed a mass with a thin capsule, 1.6 cm × 1.1 cm × 1.1 cm in size. Microscopic examination showed that the tumor was mainly composed of spindle-shaped cells with palisading arrangement and no atypia, which is consistent with a benign tumor. Both hypercellular and hypocellular areas were visible. Immunohistochemical staining revealed strongly positive results for protein S-100. Finally, the tumor was diagnosed as a schwannoma of the pancreatic body. Postoperatively, the patient recovered well and left the hospital 6 d later. During the 53-mo follow-up period, the patient remained well and free of complications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81671469,81171072(to ZWY)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program),No.2013CB945402(to ZWY)the Program for Liaoning Innovative Research Team in University of China,No.LT2013016(to ZWY)
文摘O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase(MGMT), a DNA repair enzyme, has been reported in some congenital malformations, but it is less frequently reported in neural tube defects. This study investigated MGMT mRNA expression and methylation levels in the early embryo and in different embryonic stages, as well as the relationship between MGMT and neural tube defects. Spina bifida aperta was induced in rats by a single intragastric administration of all-trans retinoic acid on embryonic day(E) 10, whereas normal control rats received the same amount of olive oil on the same embryonic day. DNA damage was assessed by detecting γ-H2 A.X in spina bifida aperta rats. Real time-polymerase chain reaction was used to examine mRNA expression of MGMT in normal control and spina bifida aperta rats. In normal controls, the MGMT mRNA expression decreased with increasing embryonic days, and was remarkably reduced from E11 to E14, reaching a minimum at E18. In the spina bifida aperta model, γ-H2 A.X protein expression was increased, and mRNA expression of MGMT was markedly decreased on E14, E16, and E18. Bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction for MGMT promoter methylation demonstrated that almost all CpG sites in the MGMT promoter remained unmethylated in both spina bifida aperta rats and normal controls, and there was no significant difference in methylation level between the two groups on either E14 or E18. Our results show that DNA damage occurs in spina bifida aperta rats. The mRNA expression of MGMT is downregulated, and this downregulation is independent of promoter DNA methylation.
文摘Dear editor,Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)is a modality of extracorporeal life support that allows for temporary support in pulmonary and/or cardiac failure refractory to conventional therapy.[1]ECMO use has been exponentially increasing over the last decade and is now considered a mainstream lifesaving treatment modality in critical care medicine.Many studies report ECMO use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome refractory to conventional clinical support,in-hospital cardiac arrest,and cardiogenic refractory shock.[1-3]Herein,we report the use of veno-arterial ECMO(VA-ECMO)in the first successful combined lung-liver transplantation(CLLT)patient in China.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program),No.2013CB531403the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81572307the ZhejiangNatural Science Foundation,No.LY15H160033
文摘Schwannomas are neurogenic tumors that arise from the neural sheaths of peripheral nerves.These tumors can be located in any area of the human body;the most common locations are the head,neck,trunk and extremities.Pancreatic schwannomas are very rare.Over the past 40 years,only 67 cases of pancreatic schwannomas have been reported in the English literature.Here we present a case of pancreatic schwannoma in a 62-year-old male.The tumor was revealed by ultrasound and computed tomography in the neck and body of the pancreas.An accurate diagnosis was difficult to obtain preoperatively.The patient consented to the performance of a laparotomy,and the mass was found in the neck and body of the pancreas and successfully treated using a spleenpreserving distal pancreatectomy with splenic artery and vein preservation.The procedure has only been reported in one other case of pancreatic schwannoma;here we present the second reported case.Macroscopically,the tumor was well circumscribed,gray-white in color and3.3 cm×2.8 cm in size.Microscopically,the tumor cells were spindle-shaped and had a palisading arrangement with no atypia,which are results compatible with a benign tumor.Both hypercellular and hypocellular areas were visible.Immunohistochemically,the tumor cells were strongly positive for S-100 protein.The tumor was definitively diagnosed as a schwannoma of the pancreatic neck and body.The patient was followed for 72 mo and has been doing well without any complications.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)in China,No.2013CB531403the Major Program of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province,No.2014C13G2010059+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81172315 and No.81572307the Fund for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81421062
文摘Schwannomas are mesenchymal neoplasms with low malignant potential that arise from Schwann cells. They can occur almost anywhere, although the most common locations are the head, neck and extremities. Primary benign schwannoma of the hepatoduodenal ligament is rare. To date, only three cases have been reported in the English literature. In the present study, we report a case of hepatoduodenal ligament schwannoma in a 43-year-old male, who was admitted to our hospital because of a abdominal mass found by physical examination. It was hard to determine the definitive location and diagnosis of the mass using ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. During laparotomy, the mass was found in the hepatoduodenal ligament and close to the cholecystic duct, so we resected the gallbladder and cholecystic duct along with the mass. The gross specimen revealed an 8.5 cm × 5.5 cm × 3.0 cm localized tumor. Microscopic examination showed that the tumor was mainly composed of spindle-shaped cells. Immunohistochemical staining showed a strong positive S-100 protein reaction. Finally, the lesion was diagnosed as a benign schwannoma in the hepatoduodenal ligament. However, one month later, the patient was readmitted to our hospital because of skin and sclera jaundice caused by common bile duct stenosis without common bile duct stone or tumor. The patient recovered well after implantation of a common bile duct stent under endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. He was followed up for a period of 17 mo, during which he was well with no complications.
基金supported by grants from National S&T Major Project(2012ZX10002017)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81121002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81200331)
文摘BACKGROUND: The prognostic prediction of liver transplantation(LT) guides the donor organ allocation. However, there is currently no satisfactory model to predict the recipients’ outcome, especially for the patients with HBV cirrhosis-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). The present study was to develop a quantitative assessment model for predicting the post-LT survival in HBV-related HCC patients.METHODS: Two hundred and thirty-eight LT recipients at the Liver Transplant Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine between 2008 and 2013 were included in this study. Their post-LT prognosis was recorded and multiple risk factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses in Cox regression.RESULTS: The score model was as follows: 0.114×(Child-Pugh score)-0.002×(positive HBV DNA detection time)+0.647×(number of tumor nodules)+0.055×(max diameter of tumor nodules)+0.231×ln AFP+0.437×(tumor differentiation grade).The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of the scoring model for predicting the post-LT survival was 0.887. The cut-off value was 1.27, which was associated with a sensitivity of 72.5% and a specificity of 90.7%, respectively.CONCLUSION: The quantitative score model for predicting post-LT survival proved to be sensitive and specific.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the gene expression of 4-1BB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and its possible significance in clinical liver transplantation. METHODS: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the gene expression of 4-1BB in PBMCs from 22 patients receiving liver transplantation, 13 patients with primary liver carcinoma (PLC), and 12 healthy controls. To determine whether 4-1BB molecule is also expressed on the surface of CD4^+ and CD8^+ T cell, flow cytometry was used to analyse the phenotype of T cell subsets from the blood of liver transplantation patients. RESULTS: 4-1BB mRNA was detected in PBMCs from stable survivors after liver transplantation, but almost not deteeted in PBMCs from PLC patients and healthy controls. Meanwhile, 4-1BB was almost not expressed on the surface of CD4^+ and CD8^+ T cells in healthy controls and PLC patients. A low level of 4-1BB expression, however, was found on the surface of CD4^+ and CD8^+ T cells from the stable survivors after liver transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that although patients are stable after liver transplantation, effector T-cells can also be activated through the signal of 4-1BB molecule and persistent irmmune response to grafts. Blockage of 4-1BB/4-1BBL pathway may benefitially reduce the clinical dosage of immunosuppressive agents and prolong the survival of grafts.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81572307 and No.81773096
文摘Adrenocortical cancer(ACC)is an infrequent and often aggressive malignancy with a very poor prognosis.It can be classified as functional or nonfunctional.Nonfunctional ACC is hampered by the absence of specific signs or symptoms;only abdominal pain with or without incidental adrenal occupation is typically present.CASE SUMMARY We report a rare case of a patient with a 30 cm×15 cm×8 cm ectopic ACC on the anterior abdominal wall without organ adhesion.A 77-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of a huge abdominal mass,which,by ultrasonography,had an unclear border with the liver.Computed tomography showed that the mass was not associated with any organ but was adherent to the anterior abdominal wall.The patient underwent tumor resection,and a postoperative pathology examination showed a neuroendocrine tumor,which was diagnosed as ACC.The patient was disease-free at the 9-mo follow up.CONCLUSION The anterior abdominal wall is a rare site of ACC growth.
文摘Objective: To sum up the preliminary experience in living related liver transplantation (LRLT). Methods: A 9-month-old male infant with biliary atresia (BA) who had undergone an unsuccessful Kasai operation was defined as a candidate for LR- LT. The donor was his 30-year-old mother. Her la- teral lobe of the left liver was transplanted into the infant's body as the graft. The left branches of the portal vein, left hepatic artery and left hepatic vein of the graft were end-to-end anastomosed to the por- tal vein, hepatic artery proper and hepatic vein of the recipient respectively. Biliary drainage was re- established via Roux-en-Y operation. Results: The donor retained her liver function within 2 weeks after the operation. Steroid and FK506 were prescribed in immunosuppressive therapy for the re- cipient. The blood bilirubin level of the infant de- creased to normal 2 weeks after operation. No acute rejection occurred. Biliary leakage in the early peri- od after the transplantation was controlled by drain- age, and E. coli infection was effectively treated with antibiotics. The donor and recipient are in satisfacto- ry condition to the present. Conclusion: LRLT is advisable for children with bili- ary atresia.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81572307
文摘Primary benign schwannoma of the mesentery is extremely rare. To date, only 9 cases have been reported in the English literature, while mesenteric schwannoma with ossified degeneration has not been reported thus far. In the present study, we present the first giant ossified benign mesenteric schwannoma in a 58-year-old female. Ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were used, but it was still difficult to determine the definitive location and diagnose the mass. By laparotomy, a 10.0 cm × 9.0 cm × 9.0 cm giant mass was found in the mesentery and was then completely resected. Microscopically, the tumour located in the mesentery mainly consisted of spindleshaped cells with a palisading arrangement. Some areas of the tumour were ossified, and a true metaplastic bone formation was observed, with the presence of bone lamellae and osteoblasts. Immunohistochemical investigation of the tumour located in the mesentery showed that the staining for the S-100 protein was strongly positive, while the stainings of SMA, CD34, CD117 and DOG-1 were negative. The cell proliferation index, measured with Ki67 staining, was less than 3%. Finally, a giant ossified benign mesenteric schwannoma was diagnosed. After surgery, the patient was followed up for a period of 43 mo, during which she remained well, with no evidence of tumour recurrence.
基金supported by grants from the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81121002)Zhejiang Provincial Program for the Cultivation of High-Level Innovative Health Talents(2012-236)+1 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Education Department Project(Y201018972)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LQ12H03002)
文摘BACKGROUND: Living donor liver transplantation(LDLT)has been widely accepted over the past decade, and hepatic dysfunction often occurs in the donor in the early stage after liver donation. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of intraoperative cholangiography(IOC) and parenchymal resection on liver function of donors in LDLT, and to assess the role of IOC in influencing the biliary complications and improving the overall outcome.METHODS: Data from 40 patients who had donated their right lobes for LDLT were analyzed. Total bilirubin(TB), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT)at different time points were compared, and the follow-up data and the biliary complications were also analyzed.RESULTS: The ALT and AST values were significantly increased after IOC(P<0.001) and parenchymal resection(P<0.001).However, the median values of TB, ALP and GGT were not significantly influenced by IOC(P>0.05) or parenchymal resection(P>0.05). The biochemical changes caused by IOC or parenchymal resection were not correlated with the degree of post-operative liver injury or the recovery of liver function. The liver functions of the donors after operation were stable, and none of the donors suffered from biliary stenosis or leakage during the follow-up.CONCLUSIONS: IOC and parenchymal resection may induce a transient increase in liver enzymes of donors in LDLT, but do not affect the recovery of liver function after operation. Moreover,the routine IOC is helpful to clarify the division line of the hepatic duct, thus reducing the biliary complication rate.