BACKGROUND Pleomorphic adenoma(PA)is the most common type of salivary gland tumor,and its common sites are parotid gland,sinus,nasal septum and cleft palate.PA is an uncommon benign type of tumor occurring in the brea...BACKGROUND Pleomorphic adenoma(PA)is the most common type of salivary gland tumor,and its common sites are parotid gland,sinus,nasal septum and cleft palate.PA is an uncommon benign type of tumor occurring in the breast,and there are few reports of cases in Asia.CASE SUMMARY An 84-year-old woman found a mass in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast>1 year ago.The patient underwent a right breast lumpectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy.The pathological diagnosis was PA in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast,and the malignant component was malignant adenomyoepithelioma.The postoperative course was uneventful,and no chemotherapy was administered.At 18 mo of follow-up,the patient is alive and well,with no evidence of recurrent disease.CONCLUSION Patients with breast PA should first undergo extended excision of breast masses followed by pathological examination.If malignancy is confirmed or the surgical margin is positive,modified radical mastectomy should be performed.展开更多
Double fertilization in angiosperms requires the targeted delivery of immotile sperm to the eggs through pollen tubes. The polarity of tip-growing pollen tubes is maintained through dynamic association of active Rho G...Double fertilization in angiosperms requires the targeted delivery of immotile sperm to the eggs through pollen tubes. The polarity of tip-growing pollen tubes is maintained through dynamic association of active Rho GTPases of plants （ROP-GTP） with the apical plasma membrane. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors for ROPs （RopGEFs） catalyze the activation of ROPs and thereby affect spatiotemporal ROP signaling. Whereas RopGEFs have been found to be phosphorylated proteins, the kinases responsible for their phos- phorylation in v/vo and biological consequences of RopGEF phosphorylation in pollen tube growth remain unclear. We report here that the Arabidopsis AGC1.5 subfamily of cytoplasmic kinases is critical for the restricted localization of ROP-GTP during pollen tube growth. Loss of AGCI.5 and AGC1.7 functions resulted in the mistargeting of active ROPs and defective events downstream of ROP signaling in pollen tubes. AGCI.5 interacts with RopGEFs via their catalytic PRONE domain and phosphorylates RopGEFs at a conserved Ser residue of PRONE domain. Loss of AGC1.5 and AGC1.7 functions resulted in the mistargeting of RopGEFs in pollen tubes, similar to the phenotype caused by the mutation that renders RopGEFs non-phosphorylatable by AGC1.5. Collectively, our results provide mechanistic insights into the spatiotem- poral activation of ROPs during the polar growth of pollen tubes.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81874063Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,No.2008085QH408.
文摘BACKGROUND Pleomorphic adenoma(PA)is the most common type of salivary gland tumor,and its common sites are parotid gland,sinus,nasal septum and cleft palate.PA is an uncommon benign type of tumor occurring in the breast,and there are few reports of cases in Asia.CASE SUMMARY An 84-year-old woman found a mass in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast>1 year ago.The patient underwent a right breast lumpectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy.The pathological diagnosis was PA in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast,and the malignant component was malignant adenomyoepithelioma.The postoperative course was uneventful,and no chemotherapy was administered.At 18 mo of follow-up,the patient is alive and well,with no evidence of recurrent disease.CONCLUSION Patients with breast PA should first undergo extended excision of breast masses followed by pathological examination.If malignancy is confirmed or the surgical margin is positive,modified radical mastectomy should be performed.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （31471304 to Y.Z. 31771558 to S.L.）, Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province （ZR2014CM027 to S.L.）, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation （2018M632698 to E.L.）, and Research Grants Council of Hong Kong （AoE/M-05/12 and C4011-14R）. Y.Z. was partially supported by the Tai-Shan Scholar program from the Shandong Provinciak Government.
文摘Double fertilization in angiosperms requires the targeted delivery of immotile sperm to the eggs through pollen tubes. The polarity of tip-growing pollen tubes is maintained through dynamic association of active Rho GTPases of plants （ROP-GTP） with the apical plasma membrane. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors for ROPs （RopGEFs） catalyze the activation of ROPs and thereby affect spatiotemporal ROP signaling. Whereas RopGEFs have been found to be phosphorylated proteins, the kinases responsible for their phos- phorylation in v/vo and biological consequences of RopGEF phosphorylation in pollen tube growth remain unclear. We report here that the Arabidopsis AGC1.5 subfamily of cytoplasmic kinases is critical for the restricted localization of ROP-GTP during pollen tube growth. Loss of AGCI.5 and AGC1.7 functions resulted in the mistargeting of active ROPs and defective events downstream of ROP signaling in pollen tubes. AGCI.5 interacts with RopGEFs via their catalytic PRONE domain and phosphorylates RopGEFs at a conserved Ser residue of PRONE domain. Loss of AGC1.5 and AGC1.7 functions resulted in the mistargeting of RopGEFs in pollen tubes, similar to the phenotype caused by the mutation that renders RopGEFs non-phosphorylatable by AGC1.5. Collectively, our results provide mechanistic insights into the spatiotem- poral activation of ROPs during the polar growth of pollen tubes.
