Molecular mechanisms of gender disparity in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is one of the most common causes of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),a malignant tumor with high mortality worldwide.One remarkable clinical feature of HBVrelated HCC is that its incidence is higher in males and postmenopausal females compared to other females.Increasing evidence indicates that HBV-associated HCC may involve gender disparity and that it may be a type of hormone-responsive malignant tumor.Sex hormones,such as androgen and estrogen,have been shown to play very different roles in the progression of an HBV infection and in the development of HBVrelated HCC.Through binding to their specific cellular receptors and affecting the corresponding signaling pathways,sex hormones can regulate the transactivation of HBx,cause the chronic release of inflammatory cytokines in the hepatocellular microenvironment,and participate in epigenetic and genetic alternations in hepatocytes.All of these functions may be related to the initiation and progression of HBV-associated HCC.A thorough investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the gender-related disparity in HBV-related HCC should provide a new perspective for better understanding its pathogenesis and exploring more effective methods for the prevention and treatment of this disease.

Transanal surgery for obstructed defecation syndrome: Literature review and a single-center experience

Obstructed defecation syndrome(ODS) is a functional disorder commonly encountered by colorectal surgeons and gastroenterologists, and greatly affects the quality of life of patients from both societal and psychological aspects. The underlying anatomical and pathophysiological changes of ODS are complex. However, intra-rectal intussusception and rectocele are frequently found in patients with ODS and both are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of ODS. With the development of evaluation methods in anorectal physiology laboratories and radiology studies, a great variety of new operative procedures, especially transanal procedures, have been invented to treat ODS. However, no procedure has been proved to be superior to others at present. Each operation has its own merits and defects. Thus, choosing appropriate transanal surgical procedures for the treatment of ODS remains a challenge for all surgeons. This review provides an introduction of the current problems and options for treatment of ODS and a detailed summary of the essential assessments needed for patient evaluation before carrying out transanal surgery. Besides, an overview of the benefits and problems of current transanal surgical procedures for treatment of ODS is summarized in this review. A report of clinical experience of some transanal surgical techniques used in the authors' center is also presented.

次全结肠切除逆蠕动盲直肠吻合对比全结肠切除回直肠吻合治疗顽固性慢传输便秘的外科疗效

背景:尽管顽固性慢传输便秘(STC)病例数不断增多,但目前鲜有比较不同术式对其治疗效果的报道。本研究旨在比较次全结肠切除逆蠕动盲直肠吻合(SC-ACRA)与全结肠切除回直肠吻合(TC-IRA)的远期手术疗效。方法:回顾性收集2005年1月至2015年1月间在本中心接受TC-IRA(35例)和SC-ACRA(20例)治疗的顽固性STC患者的临床资料。比较两组患者术后功能学结果。结果:两组患者年龄(P=0.655)、性别(P=0.234)、便秘病程(P=0.105)、排便频率(P=0.698)的差异均无统计学意义。中位随访72(12-120)个月,TC-IRA组与SC-ACRA组每日排便次数分别为3(1/6-7)和3(1/6-5)(P=0.578),克利夫兰便秘评分分别为2(0-20)和2(0-19)(P=0.454),克利夫兰失禁评分分别为0(0-5)和0(0-2)(P=0.333),胃肠生活质量指数分别为122(81-132)和120(80-132)(P=0.661)。两组术后并发症发生率的差异亦无统计学意义(37.1%vs 25.0%,P=0.285)。结论:TC-IRA和SC-ACRA均可有效治疗顽固性STC,两种术式远期疗效相当。

一株新型稻瘟霉素链霉菌JZB130180的鉴定及其对桃褐腐病的生防效果评价（英文）

目的:筛选对桃褐腐病有显著防效的链霉菌并解析其生防因子。创新点:本研究筛选到一株新型稻瘟霉素链霉菌JZB130180,其对桃褐腐病具有显著防效。通过对其生防因子解析及发酵液分析,为后续分离抑菌次生代谢物奠定了基础。方法:通过对峙培养和离体实验,检测链霉菌对桃褐腐病的抑制作用。通过平皿抑菌实验,计算链霉菌发酵液的室内毒力;随后进行了发酵液的理化性质检测。通过酶活力测定等,解析链霉菌中的生防因子。结论:链霉菌JZB130180及其发酵液对桃褐腐病具有显著的抑制作用。发酵液对桃褐腐病菌的半数有效抑制浓度(EC50)为38.3μg/mL,且对酸碱、温度和紫外线都有一定的耐受能力。此外,该菌株可以分泌几丁质酶、纤维素酶、蛋白酶等重要生防因子。