AIM: To investigate the growth suppression of ade novirus expressing p27kip1 on established esophageal tumors in nude mice. METHODS: Esophageal carcinoma xenografts in nude mice were established by tumor tissue mass t...AIM: To investigate the growth suppression of ade novirus expressing p27kip1 on established esophageal tumors in nude mice. METHODS: Esophageal carcinoma xenografts in nude mice were established by tumor tissue mass transplantation. The successfully constructed reco mbinant adenoviral vectors carrying p27kip1 gene (Ad p27kip1) were directly injected into the esophageal tumors in nude mice. Compared to control group, the growth curve of tumor was drawn and the growth inhibition rate of tumor was calculated. The histology of tumors was examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The expression of p27kip1 and survivin was detected in tumors by immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: The growth of tumors in gene therapy group with Ad-p27kip1 was obviously suppressed compared to control group (0.42±0.08 g vs 1.17±0.30 g, t=6.39, P<0.01), the inhibition rate of tumor growth reached 64.1%. Pathological detection showed that the tumors in nude mice were poorly differentiated esophageal squamous carcinoma. In addition, the expression of P27kip1 was increased, while the expression of survivin was decreased in tumors after being transfected with Ad-p27kip1. CONCLUSION: p27kip1 gene therapy mediated by adenovirus vector has a significant inhibitory effect on esophageal carcinoma in vivo. Up-regulated p27kip1 expression and down-regulated survivin expression may be its important mechanisms.展开更多
BACKGROUND Brucella infections in the shoulder joint are uncommon,and few have been reported in the literature.CASE SUMMARY A 26-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with complaint of recurrent pain and limited ...BACKGROUND Brucella infections in the shoulder joint are uncommon,and few have been reported in the literature.CASE SUMMARY A 26-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with complaint of recurrent pain and limited movement of the right shoulder.The patient reported the pain to have first occurred as an isolated event 6 mo previously and to have reoccurred 5 mo later,when it was accompanied by limited movement of the shoulder.Findings from physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging(referred to as MRI)suggested the diagnosis of subacromial bursitis,and diagnostic paracentesis and arthroscopic debridement were performed.Surprisingly,synovial fluid culture detected brucella,and the finding was confirmed by mass spectrometry of a colony sample.The diagnosis was corrected to brucellosis of the shoulder joint,and antibiotic drug treatment(oral rifampicin and doxycycline)was administrated for 6 wk.The 4-mo postoperative follow-up examination(MRI)yielded normal findings.The 2-year follow-up showed no signs of recurrence.CONCLUSION This rare case of brucellosis infection in shoulder highlights the importance of increasing awareness to help avoid misdiagnosis.展开更多
To solve the problem of realizing autonomous aerial combat decision-making for unmanned combat aerial vehicles(UCAVs) rapidly and accurately in an uncertain environment, this paper proposes a decision-making method ba...To solve the problem of realizing autonomous aerial combat decision-making for unmanned combat aerial vehicles(UCAVs) rapidly and accurately in an uncertain environment, this paper proposes a decision-making method based on an improved deep reinforcement learning(DRL) algorithm: the multistep double deep Q-network(MS-DDQN) algorithm. First, a six-degree-of-freedom UCAV model based on an aircraft control system is established on a simulation platform, and the situation assessment functions of the UCAV and its target are established by considering their angles, altitudes, environments, missile attack performances, and UCAV performance. By controlling the flight path angle, roll angle, and flight velocity, 27 common basic actions are designed. On this basis, aiming to overcome the defects of traditional DRL in terms of training speed and convergence speed, the improved MS-DDQN method is introduced to incorporate the final return value into the previous steps. Finally, the pre-training learning model is used as the starting point for the second learning model to simulate the UCAV aerial combat decision-making process based on the basic training method, which helps to shorten the training time and improve the learning efficiency. The improved DRL algorithm significantly accelerates the training speed and estimates the target value more accurately during training, and it can be applied to aerial combat decision-making.展开更多
Ⅰ.EXPANSIONThe establishment of securities market in China has been considered one of its important and controversial economic reform policies.Billions of dollars of treasury bills,corporate bonds and shares have bee...Ⅰ.EXPANSIONThe establishment of securities market in China has been considered one of its important and controversial economic reform policies.Billions of dollars of treasury bills,corporate bonds and shares have been issued and traded all over the nation.Securities exchanges were set up in Shanghai and Shenzhen by the end of 1990 and in early 1991.Since then,securities market in China has undergone rapid expansion.展开更多
In this paper,the approximate analytical oscillatory solutions to the generalized KolmogorovPetrovsky-Piskunov equation(gKPPE for short)are discussed by employing the theory of dynamical system and hypothesis undeterm...In this paper,the approximate analytical oscillatory solutions to the generalized KolmogorovPetrovsky-Piskunov equation(gKPPE for short)are discussed by employing the theory of dynamical system and hypothesis undetermined method.According to the corresponding dynamical system of the bounded traveling wave solutions to the gKPPE,the number and qualitative properties of these bounded solutions are received.Furthermore,pulses(bell-shaped)and waves fronts(kink-shaped)of the gKPPE are given.In particular,two types of approximate analytical oscillatory solutions are constructed.Besides,the error estimations between the approximate analytical oscillatory solutions and the exact solutions of the gKPPE are obtained by the homogeneity principle.Finally,the approximate analytical oscillatory solutions are compared with the numerical solutions,which shows the two types of solutions are similar.展开更多
In this paper, we focus on studying approximate solutions of damped oscillatory solutions of the compound KdV-Burgers equation and their error estimates. We employ the theory of planar dynamical systems to study trave...In this paper, we focus on studying approximate solutions of damped oscillatory solutions of the compound KdV-Burgers equation and their error estimates. We employ the theory of planar dynamical systems to study traveling wave solutions of the compound KdV-Burgers equation. We obtain some global phase portraits under different parameter conditions as well as the existence of bounded traveling wave solutions. Furthermore, we investigate the relations between the behavior of bounded traveling wave solutions and the dissipation coefficient r of the equation. We obtain two critical values of r, and find that a bounded traveling wave appears as a kink profile solitary wave if │r│ is greater than or equal to some critical value, while it appears as a damped oscillatory wave if │r│is less than some critical value. By means of analysis and the undetermined coefficients method, we find that the compound KdV-Burgers equation only has three kinds of bell profile solitary wave solutions without dissipation. Based on the above discussions and according to the evolution relations of orbits in the global phase portraits, we obtain all approximate damped oscillatory solutions by using the undetermined coefficients method. Finally, using the homogenization principle, we establish the integral equations reflecting the relations between exact solutions and approximate solutions of damped oscillatory solutions. Moreover, we also give the error estimates for these approximate solutions.展开更多
In order to study the in?uence of the physical state of solder on the interfacial reaction of dip-soldered Sn-3.0 Ag-0.5 Cu/Cu system, two kinds of experiments were designed, including:(1) solid-state aging between th...In order to study the in?uence of the physical state of solder on the interfacial reaction of dip-soldered Sn-3.0 Ag-0.5 Cu/Cu system, two kinds of experiments were designed, including:(1) solid-state aging between the solder and Cu substrate;(2)liquid-state aging between the metastable supercooled liquid-state solder and Cu substrate. The aging times were 30, 60,120 and 180 min, respectively, and the aging temperature was 8 ℃ lower than the melting point of the Sn-3.0 Ag-0.5 Cu(SAC305) alloy(217 ℃). The experimental data revealed that the physical state of the solder obviously affected the formation of the intermetallic compound(IMC), and resulted in the difference in the diffusion of atoms on the interface between the SAC305 solder and Cu substrate. The IMC interface after aging for 30 min presents unique characteristics compared with that of the sample after dip soldering. The IMC interface of solid-state aged SAC305/Cu couple is relatively planar, while the IMC interface under metastable supercooled liquid-state aging conditions presents scallop-like shape.展开更多
In this paper,we focus on studying the asymptotic stability of the monotone decreasing kink profile solitary wave solutions for the generalized KdV-Burgers equation.We obtain the estimate of the firstorder and second-...In this paper,we focus on studying the asymptotic stability of the monotone decreasing kink profile solitary wave solutions for the generalized KdV-Burgers equation.We obtain the estimate of the firstorder and second-order derivatives for monotone decreasing kink profile solitary wave solutions,and overcome the difficulties caused by high-order nonlinear terms in the generalized KdV-Burgers equation in the estimate by using L2 energy estimating method and Young inequality.We prove that the monotone decreasing kink profile solitary wave solutions are asymptotically stable in H1.Moreover,we obtain the decay rate of the perturbationψin the sense of L^2 and L^∞norm,respectively,which are(1+t)^-1/2 and(1+t)^-1/4 by using Gargliado-Nirenberg inequality.展开更多
pH-and reductive-responsive prodrug nanoparticles are constructed via a highly efficient strategy, polymerization-induced selfassembly(PISA). First, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer(RAFT) polymerizatio...pH-and reductive-responsive prodrug nanoparticles are constructed via a highly efficient strategy, polymerization-induced selfassembly(PISA). First, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer(RAFT) polymerization of 2-(diisopropylamino) ethyl methacrylate(DIPEMA) and camptothecin prodrug monomer(CPTM) using biocompatible poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide)(PHPMA-CPDB) as the macro RAFT agent is carried out, forming prodrug diblock copolymer PHPMA-P(DIPEMA-co-CPTM). Then, simultaneous fulfillment of polymerization, self-assembly, and drug encapsulation are achieved via RAFT dispersion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate(Bz MA) using the PHPMA-P(DIPEMA-co-CPTM) as the macro RAFT agent. The prodrug nanoparticles have three layers, the biocompatible shell(PHPMA), the drug-conjugated middle layer(P(DIPEMA-co-CPTM)) and the PBz MA core, and relatively high concentration(250 mg/g). The prodrug nanoparticles can respond to two stimuli(reductive and acidic conditions). Due to reductive microenvironment of cytosol, the cleavage of the conjugated camptothecin(CPT) within the prodrug nanoparticles could be effectively triggered. p H-Induced hydrophobic/hydrophilic transition of the PDIPEMA chains results in faster diffusion of GSH into the CPTM units, thus accelerated release of CPT is observed in mild acidic and reductive conditions. Cell viability assays show that the prodrug nanoparticles exhibit well performance of intracellular drug delivery and good anticancer activity.展开更多
Exosomes are a class of membranous vesicles,which are approximately 50 to 100 nm in diameter;they are released into the extracellular matrix from various cells.[1]Exosomes are rich in proteins,lipids,and nucleic acids...Exosomes are a class of membranous vesicles,which are approximately 50 to 100 nm in diameter;they are released into the extracellular matrix from various cells.[1]Exosomes are rich in proteins,lipids,and nucleic acids.They have been reported to be involved in various physiological processes and are important tools for intercellular material and information communication.[2,3]Increasing evidence has indicated that exosomes can be extracted from human saliva,urine,blood,and other body fluids.[4]However,whether exosomes exist in nipple discharge remains unknown.In this study,exosomes from nipple discharge of breast cancer patients and colostrum of postpartum women were isolated using ultracentrifugation.The exosomes were identified by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),Western blot,and nanoparticle tracking analysis(NTA).The detailed methods are shown in Supplementary File 1,http://links.lww.com/CM9/A286.The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University(No.KYLL-2018-096),and all patients provided written informed consent.展开更多
This paper makes qualitative analysis to the bounded traveling wave solutions for a kind of nonlinear dispersive-dissipative equation, and considers its solving problem. The relation is investigated between behavior o...This paper makes qualitative analysis to the bounded traveling wave solutions for a kind of nonlinear dispersive-dissipative equation, and considers its solving problem. The relation is investigated between behavior of its solution and the dissipation coefficient. Further, all approximate damped oscillatory solutions when dissipation coefficient is small are presented by utilizing the method of undetermined coefficients according to the theory of rotated vector field in planar dynamical systems. Finally, error estimate is given by establishing the integral equation which reflects the relation between approximate and exact damped oscillatory solutions applying the idea of homogenization principle.展开更多
In this paper, we study the orbital stability of solitary waves of compound KdV-type equation in the form of ut ＋ auPux ＋ bu2pux ＋ Uzzz = 0 （b 〉 0, p 〉 0）. Our results imply that orbital stability of solitary w...In this paper, we study the orbital stability of solitary waves of compound KdV-type equation in the form of ut ＋ auPux ＋ bu2pux ＋ Uzzz = 0 （b 〉 0, p 〉 0）. Our results imply that orbital stability of solitary waves is affected not only by the highest-order nonlinear term bu2pux, but also the nonlinear term auPux. For the case of b 〉 0 and 0 〈 p ≤ 2, we obtain that the positive solitary wave Ul（X - ct） is stable when a 〉 0, while that unstable when a 〈 0. The stability for negative solitary wave u2（x - ct） is on the contrary. In particular, we point that the nonlinear term with coefficient a makes contributes to the stability of the solitary waves when p= 2 and a〉0.展开更多
By means of the undetermined assumption method, we obtain some new exact solitary-wave solutions with hyperbolic secant function fractional form and periodic wave solutions with cosine function form for the generalize...By means of the undetermined assumption method, we obtain some new exact solitary-wave solutions with hyperbolic secant function fractional form and periodic wave solutions with cosine function form for the generalized modified Boussinesq equation. We also discuss the boundedness of these solutions. More over, we study the correlative characteristic of the solitary-wave solutions and the periodic wave solutions along with the travelling wave velocity＇s variation.展开更多
文摘AIM: To investigate the growth suppression of ade novirus expressing p27kip1 on established esophageal tumors in nude mice. METHODS: Esophageal carcinoma xenografts in nude mice were established by tumor tissue mass transplantation. The successfully constructed reco mbinant adenoviral vectors carrying p27kip1 gene (Ad p27kip1) were directly injected into the esophageal tumors in nude mice. Compared to control group, the growth curve of tumor was drawn and the growth inhibition rate of tumor was calculated. The histology of tumors was examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The expression of p27kip1 and survivin was detected in tumors by immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: The growth of tumors in gene therapy group with Ad-p27kip1 was obviously suppressed compared to control group (0.42±0.08 g vs 1.17±0.30 g, t=6.39, P<0.01), the inhibition rate of tumor growth reached 64.1%. Pathological detection showed that the tumors in nude mice were poorly differentiated esophageal squamous carcinoma. In addition, the expression of P27kip1 was increased, while the expression of survivin was decreased in tumors after being transfected with Ad-p27kip1. CONCLUSION: p27kip1 gene therapy mediated by adenovirus vector has a significant inhibitory effect on esophageal carcinoma in vivo. Up-regulated p27kip1 expression and down-regulated survivin expression may be its important mechanisms.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81601901Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning No.2019-MS-079 and No.20170540285.
文摘BACKGROUND Brucella infections in the shoulder joint are uncommon,and few have been reported in the literature.CASE SUMMARY A 26-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with complaint of recurrent pain and limited movement of the right shoulder.The patient reported the pain to have first occurred as an isolated event 6 mo previously and to have reoccurred 5 mo later,when it was accompanied by limited movement of the shoulder.Findings from physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging(referred to as MRI)suggested the diagnosis of subacromial bursitis,and diagnostic paracentesis and arthroscopic debridement were performed.Surprisingly,synovial fluid culture detected brucella,and the finding was confirmed by mass spectrometry of a colony sample.The diagnosis was corrected to brucellosis of the shoulder joint,and antibiotic drug treatment(oral rifampicin and doxycycline)was administrated for 6 wk.The 4-mo postoperative follow-up examination(MRI)yielded normal findings.The 2-year follow-up showed no signs of recurrence.CONCLUSION This rare case of brucellosis infection in shoulder highlights the importance of increasing awareness to help avoid misdiagnosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61573286)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China (No. 20180753006)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (3102019ZDHKY07)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2019JM-163, 2020JQ-218)the Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Flight Control and Simulation Technology。
文摘To solve the problem of realizing autonomous aerial combat decision-making for unmanned combat aerial vehicles(UCAVs) rapidly and accurately in an uncertain environment, this paper proposes a decision-making method based on an improved deep reinforcement learning(DRL) algorithm: the multistep double deep Q-network(MS-DDQN) algorithm. First, a six-degree-of-freedom UCAV model based on an aircraft control system is established on a simulation platform, and the situation assessment functions of the UCAV and its target are established by considering their angles, altitudes, environments, missile attack performances, and UCAV performance. By controlling the flight path angle, roll angle, and flight velocity, 27 common basic actions are designed. On this basis, aiming to overcome the defects of traditional DRL in terms of training speed and convergence speed, the improved MS-DDQN method is introduced to incorporate the final return value into the previous steps. Finally, the pre-training learning model is used as the starting point for the second learning model to simulate the UCAV aerial combat decision-making process based on the basic training method, which helps to shorten the training time and improve the learning efficiency. The improved DRL algorithm significantly accelerates the training speed and estimates the target value more accurately during training, and it can be applied to aerial combat decision-making.
文摘Ⅰ.EXPANSIONThe establishment of securities market in China has been considered one of its important and controversial economic reform policies.Billions of dollars of treasury bills,corporate bonds and shares have been issued and traded all over the nation.Securities exchanges were set up in Shanghai and Shenzhen by the end of 1990 and in early 1991.Since then,securities market in China has undergone rapid expansion.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11471215)。
文摘In this paper,the approximate analytical oscillatory solutions to the generalized KolmogorovPetrovsky-Piskunov equation(gKPPE for short)are discussed by employing the theory of dynamical system and hypothesis undetermined method.According to the corresponding dynamical system of the bounded traveling wave solutions to the gKPPE,the number and qualitative properties of these bounded solutions are received.Furthermore,pulses(bell-shaped)and waves fronts(kink-shaped)of the gKPPE are given.In particular,two types of approximate analytical oscillatory solutions are constructed.Besides,the error estimations between the approximate analytical oscillatory solutions and the exact solutions of the gKPPE are obtained by the homogeneity principle.Finally,the approximate analytical oscillatory solutions are compared with the numerical solutions,which shows the two types of solutions are similar.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11071164)Shanghai Natural Science Foundation Project (No. 10ZR1420800)Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Government (No. S30501)
文摘In this paper, we focus on studying approximate solutions of damped oscillatory solutions of the compound KdV-Burgers equation and their error estimates. We employ the theory of planar dynamical systems to study traveling wave solutions of the compound KdV-Burgers equation. We obtain some global phase portraits under different parameter conditions as well as the existence of bounded traveling wave solutions. Furthermore, we investigate the relations between the behavior of bounded traveling wave solutions and the dissipation coefficient r of the equation. We obtain two critical values of r, and find that a bounded traveling wave appears as a kink profile solitary wave if │r│ is greater than or equal to some critical value, while it appears as a damped oscillatory wave if │r│is less than some critical value. By means of analysis and the undetermined coefficients method, we find that the compound KdV-Burgers equation only has three kinds of bell profile solitary wave solutions without dissipation. Based on the above discussions and according to the evolution relations of orbits in the global phase portraits, we obtain all approximate damped oscillatory solutions by using the undetermined coefficients method. Finally, using the homogenization principle, we establish the integral equations reflecting the relations between exact solutions and approximate solutions of damped oscillatory solutions. Moreover, we also give the error estimates for these approximate solutions.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51465039, 51665038 and 51765040)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (No. 20161BAB206122)the Nature Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (No. 2016JM5085)
文摘In order to study the in?uence of the physical state of solder on the interfacial reaction of dip-soldered Sn-3.0 Ag-0.5 Cu/Cu system, two kinds of experiments were designed, including:(1) solid-state aging between the solder and Cu substrate;(2)liquid-state aging between the metastable supercooled liquid-state solder and Cu substrate. The aging times were 30, 60,120 and 180 min, respectively, and the aging temperature was 8 ℃ lower than the melting point of the Sn-3.0 Ag-0.5 Cu(SAC305) alloy(217 ℃). The experimental data revealed that the physical state of the solder obviously affected the formation of the intermetallic compound(IMC), and resulted in the difference in the diffusion of atoms on the interface between the SAC305 solder and Cu substrate. The IMC interface after aging for 30 min presents unique characteristics compared with that of the sample after dip soldering. The IMC interface of solid-state aged SAC305/Cu couple is relatively planar, while the IMC interface under metastable supercooled liquid-state aging conditions presents scallop-like shape.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20150149)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant(No.2016M590410)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.JUSRP115A19),China
基金Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11471215
文摘In this paper,we focus on studying the asymptotic stability of the monotone decreasing kink profile solitary wave solutions for the generalized KdV-Burgers equation.We obtain the estimate of the firstorder and second-order derivatives for monotone decreasing kink profile solitary wave solutions,and overcome the difficulties caused by high-order nonlinear terms in the generalized KdV-Burgers equation in the estimate by using L2 energy estimating method and Young inequality.We prove that the monotone decreasing kink profile solitary wave solutions are asymptotically stable in H1.Moreover,we obtain the decay rate of the perturbationψin the sense of L^2 and L^∞norm,respectively,which are(1+t)^-1/2 and(1+t)^-1/4 by using Gargliado-Nirenberg inequality.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0205601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51625305, 21704095, 21774113, 21525420)
文摘pH-and reductive-responsive prodrug nanoparticles are constructed via a highly efficient strategy, polymerization-induced selfassembly(PISA). First, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer(RAFT) polymerization of 2-(diisopropylamino) ethyl methacrylate(DIPEMA) and camptothecin prodrug monomer(CPTM) using biocompatible poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide)(PHPMA-CPDB) as the macro RAFT agent is carried out, forming prodrug diblock copolymer PHPMA-P(DIPEMA-co-CPTM). Then, simultaneous fulfillment of polymerization, self-assembly, and drug encapsulation are achieved via RAFT dispersion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate(Bz MA) using the PHPMA-P(DIPEMA-co-CPTM) as the macro RAFT agent. The prodrug nanoparticles have three layers, the biocompatible shell(PHPMA), the drug-conjugated middle layer(P(DIPEMA-co-CPTM)) and the PBz MA core, and relatively high concentration(250 mg/g). The prodrug nanoparticles can respond to two stimuli(reductive and acidic conditions). Due to reductive microenvironment of cytosol, the cleavage of the conjugated camptothecin(CPT) within the prodrug nanoparticles could be effectively triggered. p H-Induced hydrophobic/hydrophilic transition of the PDIPEMA chains results in faster diffusion of GSH into the CPTM units, thus accelerated release of CPT is observed in mild acidic and reductive conditions. Cell viability assays show that the prodrug nanoparticles exhibit well performance of intracellular drug delivery and good anticancer activity.
基金grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81402192 and 81802406)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Nos.ZR2019BH061 and ZR2018MH029)+3 种基金the Shandong Key Research and Development Plan(No.2019GSF108058)the Funding for New Clinical and Practical Techniques of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University(No.2019-1)the Science and Technology Development Plan of Jinan(the Medical and Health Science and Technology Innovation Plan,No.201704091)Shandong Co-innovation center of classic TCM formula.
文摘Exosomes are a class of membranous vesicles,which are approximately 50 to 100 nm in diameter;they are released into the extracellular matrix from various cells.[1]Exosomes are rich in proteins,lipids,and nucleic acids.They have been reported to be involved in various physiological processes and are important tools for intercellular material and information communication.[2,3]Increasing evidence has indicated that exosomes can be extracted from human saliva,urine,blood,and other body fluids.[4]However,whether exosomes exist in nipple discharge remains unknown.In this study,exosomes from nipple discharge of breast cancer patients and colostrum of postpartum women were isolated using ultracentrifugation.The exosomes were identified by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),Western blot,and nanoparticle tracking analysis(NTA).The detailed methods are shown in Supplementary File 1,http://links.lww.com/CM9/A286.The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University(No.KYLL-2018-096),and all patients provided written informed consent.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20150149)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.JUSRP51504)the Youth Foundation of Jiangnan University(No.JUSRP115A19),China
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11471215)
文摘This paper makes qualitative analysis to the bounded traveling wave solutions for a kind of nonlinear dispersive-dissipative equation, and considers its solving problem. The relation is investigated between behavior of its solution and the dissipation coefficient. Further, all approximate damped oscillatory solutions when dissipation coefficient is small are presented by utilizing the method of undetermined coefficients according to the theory of rotated vector field in planar dynamical systems. Finally, error estimate is given by establishing the integral equation which reflects the relation between approximate and exact damped oscillatory solutions applying the idea of homogenization principle.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11471215)Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.13ZZ118)+1 种基金Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(No.XTKX2012)Hujiang Foundation of China(No.B14005)
文摘In this paper, we study the orbital stability of solitary waves of compound KdV-type equation in the form of ut ＋ auPux ＋ bu2pux ＋ Uzzz = 0 （b 〉 0, p 〉 0）. Our results imply that orbital stability of solitary waves is affected not only by the highest-order nonlinear term bu2pux, but also the nonlinear term auPux. For the case of b 〉 0 and 0 〈 p ≤ 2, we obtain that the positive solitary wave Ul（X - ct） is stable when a 〉 0, while that unstable when a 〈 0. The stability for negative solitary wave u2（x - ct） is on the contrary. In particular, we point that the nonlinear term with coefficient a makes contributes to the stability of the solitary waves when p= 2 and a〉0.
基金Supported by the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(No.T0502)the Science Foundation of the Education Commission of Shanghai(No.07ZZ83).
文摘By means of the undetermined assumption method, we obtain some new exact solitary-wave solutions with hyperbolic secant function fractional form and periodic wave solutions with cosine function form for the generalized modified Boussinesq equation. We also discuss the boundedness of these solutions. More over, we study the correlative characteristic of the solitary-wave solutions and the periodic wave solutions along with the travelling wave velocity＇s variation.
