General multi-attack detection for continuous-variable quantum key distribution with local local oscillator

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution with a local local oscillator(LLO CVQKD)has been extensively researched due to its simplicity and security.For practical security of an LLO CVQKD system,there are two main attack modes referred to as reference pulse attack and polarization attack presently.However,there is currently no general defense strategy against such attacks,and the security of the system needs further investigation.Here,we employ a deep learning framework called generative adversarial networks(GANs)to detect both attacks.We first analyze the data in different cases,derive a feature vector as input to a GAN model,and then show the training and testing process of the GAN model for attack classification.The proposed model has two parts,a discriminator and a generator,both of which employ a convolutional neural network(CNN)to improve accuracy.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can detect and classify attacks without reducing the secret key rate and the maximum transmission distance.It only establishes a detection model by monitoring features of the pulse without adding additional devices.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support in Resuscitations for Acute Myocardial Infarction with Cardiac Arrest

MORTALITY rate of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients could be as high as 80％,if present with or develop fatal arrhythmia and cardiac arrest.Some patients,despite the treatment with inotropes and intra-aortic balloon pump,are not hemodynamically stable enough to undergo emergent revascularization.The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can help stabilize circulation and respiration,which could be a potential solution for patients under such critical circumstances.In this paper,we describe the application of ECMO for the resuscitations of 4 cardiac arrested AMI cases.

Liver injury changes the biological characters of serum small extracellular vesicles and reprograms hepatic macrophages in mice

BACKGROUND Serum small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)and their small RNA(sRNA)cargoes could be promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of liver injury.However,the dynamic changes in serum sEVs and their sRNA components during liver injury have not been well characterized.Given that hepatic macrophages can quickly clear intravenously injected sEVs,the effect of liver injury-related serum sEVs on hepatic macrophages deserves to be explored.AIM To identify the characteristics of serum sEVs and the sRNAs during liver injury and explore their effects on hepatic macrophages.METHODS To identify serum sEV biomarkers for liver injury,we established a CCL4-induced mouse liver injury model in C57BL/6 mice to simulate acute liver injury(ALI),chronic liver injury(CLI)and recovery.Serum sEVs were obtained and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis.Serum sEV sRNAs were profiled by sRNA sequencing.Differentially expressed microRNAs(miRNAs)were compared to mouse liver-enriched miRNAs and previously reported circulating miRNAs related to human liver diseases.The biological significance was evaluated by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of altered sEV miRNAs and conditioned cultures of ALI serum sEVs with primary hepatic macrophages.RESULTS We found that both ALI and CLI changed the concentration and morphology of serum sEVs.The proportion of serum sEV miRNAs increased upon liver injury,with the liver as the primary contributor.The altered serum sEV miRNAs based on mouse studies were consistent with human liver disease-related circulating miRNAs.We established serum sEV miRNA signatures for ALI and CLI and a panel of miRNAs(miR-122-5p,miR-192-5p,and miR-22-3p)as a common marker for liver injury.The differential serum sEV miRNAs in ALI contributed mainly to liver steatosis and inflammation,while those in CLI contributed primarily to hepatocellular carcinoma and hyperplasia.ALI serum sEVs decreased both CD86 and CD206 expression in monocyte-derived macrophages but increased CD206 expression in resident macrophages in vitro.CONCLUSION Serum sEVs acquired different concentrations,sizes,morphologies and sRNA contents upon liver injury and could change the phenotype of liver macrophages.Serum sEVs therefore have good diagnostic and therapeutic potential for liver injury.

Shape optimization design of a heaving buoy of wave energy converter based on fully parametric modeling and CFD method

The hydrodynamic shape of the heaving buoy is an important factor of the motion response in waves and thus concerns the energy conversion efficiency for the point absorbers(PAs).The current experience-based designs are time consuming and not very efficient,hence,faster and smarter methods are desirable.An automated optimization method based on a fully parametric modeling method and computational fluid dynamics(CFD),is proposed in this paper.Using this method,a benchmark buoy is screen designed and then optimized by maximizing the heave motion response.The geometry is described parametrically and deformed by means of the free-form deformation(FFD)method.During the optimization process,the expansion factor of control points is the basis for the variations.A combination of the Sobol and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA-II)is used to search for the solutions.After several iterations,the heaving buoy shape with optimal heave motion response is obtained.The analyses show that the heave motion response has increased 55.3%after optimization.The developed methodology is valid and seems to be a promising way to design a novel buoy that can significantly improve the wave energy conversion efficiency of the PAs in future.