鹿参补肾片提取工艺及成型工艺研究

目的筛选鹿参补肾片的最优提取工艺和成型工艺。方法以浸膏得率、淫羊藿苷含量及转移率为指标,采用正交试验优化处方中淫羊藿水提醇沉工艺参数。以毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量为指标,采用正交试验优化黄芪等药材水提工艺参数。以片剂成型外观、硬度、崩解时限等为指标确定鹿参补肾片最佳成型工艺。结果淫羊藿最佳提取工艺条件为加15倍量水,煎煮提取3次,每次2 h,浓缩至相对密度为1.16~1.18(60℃),加乙醇使含醇量为70%,静置24 h。黄芪等药材最佳水提工艺条件为加10倍量水,煎煮提取2次,每次2 h,浓缩至相对密度为1.30~1.35(50~60℃)的浸膏。最优成型工艺为淀粉作填充剂,浸膏与辅料比例为0.6结论优选后的提取工艺能提高中间产品有效成分的含量。优选后的成型工艺稳定可行、成型率高、压片顺利,方便生产。

采用逆向工程方法研究盐酸托莫西汀口服溶液

目的对盐酸托莫西汀口服溶液进行逆向工程研究,确定其处方比例。方法采用HPLC法测定参比制剂中苯甲酸钠、山梨醇和木糖醇的处方量,分光光度法结合pH检测法测定磷酸二氢钠和磷酸的处方量,其他方法确定三氯蔗糖含量、自制口服溶液中芳香剂的种类和用量。结果测得规格为100 mL的盐酸托莫西汀口服溶液中托莫西汀含量为0.4 g,苯甲酸钠约为0.08 g,山梨醇约为3.3 g,木糖醇约为30.0 g,磷酸约为0.08 g,磷酸二氢钠约为1.3 g,三氯蔗糖约为0.05 g,草莓香精约为2.0 g。结论逆向工程研究能有效解析盐酸托莫西汀口服溶液的处方组成及用量,所制备的样品质量与参比制剂基本相同,品质易控。

Enhancing hippocampal blood flow after cerebral ischemia and vasodilating basilar arteries:in vivo and in vitro neuroprotective effect of antihypertensive DDPH

1-（2,6-Dimethylphenoxy）-2-（3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamino）-propane hydrochloride （DDPH） is a novel antihypertensive agent based on structural characteristics of mexiletine and verapamine. We investigated the effect of DDPH on vasodilatation and neuroprotection in a rat model of cerebral ischemiain vivo, and a rabbit model of isolated basilar arteriesin vitro. Our results show that DDPH （10 mg/kg） significantly increased hippocampal blood flowin vivo in cerebral ischemic rats, and exerted dose-dependent relaxation of isolated basilar arteries contracted by histamine or KCl in thein vitro rabbit model. DDPH （3 × 10–5 M） also inhibited histamine-stimulated extracellular calcium inlfux and intracellular calcium release. Our ifndings suggest that DDPH has a vasodilative effect bothin vivo andin vitro, which mediates a neuropro-tective effect on ischemic nerve tissue.

EBV-Mir-BART5-5p targets p53 independent pathway in cytoplasm:Potential role in EBV lymphomagenesis

EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL),which has a clonal EBV carrying proliferation of B-cells,defines a new DLBCL subtype and predicts a poor prognosis.Further studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms in EBV lymphomagenesis.EBV encoded microRNAs(miRNAs)have been proven to contribute to the pathogenesis and oncogenesis of EBV-associated malignancies.^(1)In this study,research has focused on the pathological roles of miRNAs in EBV-positive DLBCL progression and survival,which might provide ideas for therapeutic decision to improve the prognosis.

Effects of total iridoid glycosides of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis rats induced by high-fat and high-sugar diet through regulation of lipid metabolism

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of total iridoid glycosides of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora(TIGP)on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).Methods:SD rats were fed with high-fat and high-sugar diet for 8 weeks to establish NASH.TIGP were given orally at doses of 20,40 and 80 mg/kg/d for 4 weeks.Triglycerides assay(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),fasting plasma glucose(FPG),fasting insulin(FINS),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),chemokine-1(MCP-1),leptin(LEP)in serum were tested.TG,TC,superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),and free fatty acid(FFA)in liver tissue were determined by colorimetric methods.Steatosis of hepatocytes and inflammation was performed by pathological examination.Results:The results showed that TIGP significantly decreased TC,TG and FFA in liver tissue,increased SOD activity,decreased MDA content,decreased serum levels of TG,TC,HDL-C/LDL-C,ALT,AST,GLU,HOMA-IR,TNF-αand LEP,and in addition,improved steatosis of liver cells compared to NASH.Conclusion:TIGP had anti-fatty liver effect against NASH rats induced by high-fat and high-sugar diet.Its mechanism was related to the regulation of lipid metabolism and reduction of insulin resistance,through inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation.

Simulation of molecular spectroscopy with circuit quantum electrodynamics

Spectroscopy is a crucial laboratory technique for understanding quantum systems through their interactions with the electromagnetic radiation.Particularly,spectroscopy is capable of revealing the physical structure of molecules,leading to the development of the maser—the forerunner of the laser.However,real-world applications of molecular spectroscopy are mostly confined to equilibrium states,due to computational and technological constraints;a potential breakthrough can be achieved by utilizing the emerging technology of quantum simulation.Here we experimentally demonstrate through a toy model,a superconducting quantum simulator capable of generating molecular spectra for both equilibrium and non-equilibrium states,reliably producing the vibronic structure of diatomic molecules.Furthermore,our quantum simulator is applicable not only to molecules with a wide range of electronic-vibronic coupling strength,characterized by the Huang-Rhys parameter,but also to molecular spectra not readily accessible under normal laboratory conditions.These results point to a new direction for predicting and understanding molecular spectroscopy,exploiting the power of quantum simulation.

Effects of Puerarin on Experimental Model of Retinal Vein Occlusion in Rats

Objective To establish a model of retinal vein occlusion（RVO）in rats and to study the effect of puerarin on ischemic retinal disease and the corresponding mechanism.Methods RVO was induced in 10 adult male Sprague-Dawley（SD）rats by laser photothrombosis.Retinal blood flow was examined before and after 1 h of the operation,and model rats with the retinal vein blood flow decreasing by 50%compared to the basic value were chosen and then puerarins（20,40,and 80 mg/kg）were given.The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF）,interleukin-1β（IL-1β）,and nitric oxide（NO）were analyzed.In addition,the histopathology of RVO-eyes was performed.Results RVO-eyes displayed the signs of retinal damage and ischemia on Doppler Flowmeter and histopathology.Puerarin（20,40,and 80 mg/kg）increased blood flow by 9.3%（P〈0.05）,33.1%（P〈0.001）,and 41.5%（P〈0.001）,respectively.On the other hand,the histological changes were less severe at different degrees,relieving the symptoms such as edematous and thick neuroretinal layers,lax,edematous,and disorganized optic fibers layers,swollen and confused inner and outer nuclear layer.Besides,dose-dependent decrease of VEGF and IL-1βand increase of NO in vitreous fluid were observed,with respect to the model group.Conclusion A rat model of laser photochemical-induced RVO is established and a decrease in the retinal blood flow and histological damage is detected.The puerarin has therapeutic benefit in the rat model of RVO,through the pathway of neovascularization,anti-inflammation,and increase of NO.

Effect of Chinese Patent Medicine Naodesheng against Repeated Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia in Mice

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and possible mechanisms of Chinese ptent medicine Naodesheng（NDS） on repeated transient global cerebral ischemia（GCI） in mice. Methods The repeated transient GCI mice were induced by bilateral carotid arteries ligation, and were randomly divided into model group, Sham group without arteries ligation, NDS groups（1.25 and 2.5 g/kg） and positive control（vinpocetine 3.1 mg/kg, VP） group. After oral administration once daily for successive 7 d, the transient GCI was induced. The degree of neurological deficit, histological changes, and neurons loss in the hippocampus were evaluated. In order to investigate the possible mechanisms, the oxidative stress and inflammatory factor were measured after 24 h of GCI. Comparison among multiple groups was performed with one-way analysis of variance（ANOVA）. Results NDS could significantly alleviate the neurological function impairment, histological injury, and neurons loss, increase the superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity, decrease the content of malondialdehyde（MDA）, and reduce inflammatory factor in the ischemic brain tissue. Conclusion NDS could significantly reduce brain injury induced by global ischemia, and its mechanism is closely associated with anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation.

Neuroprotective effect of Sanqi Tongshuan Tablets on sequelae post-stroke in rats

Objective: To identify the therapeutic effect and possible mechanisms of Chinese medicine Sanqi Tongshuan Tablets(SQTS) on sequelae post-stroke in rats.Methods: The rat cerebral ischemia sequelae post-stroke models were successfully induced by blocking the middle cerebral artery with electric coagulator after the seventh week and balance beam test ≤ 4. The rats were then received with SQTS(0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg) and Naodesheng(NDS, 1.24 g/kg), Vinpocetine(VP,1.55 mg/kg) for 30 d. The beam-walking test and shuttle test were performed before and after 10, 20, and 30 d of administration. In addition, histopathology changes and GAP-43, GFAP were measured by H&E staining and immunohistochemisty.Results: The model displayed signs of brain damage on motor function, learning and memory function and histopathology. After 30 d of treatment, SQTS at different doses(0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg) restored the beam-walking scores by 21.7%(P > 0.05), 30.4%(P > 0.05), and 39.1%(P < 0.05); Decreased electric shock by 35.0%(P > 0.05), 50.0%(P > 0.05), and 75.0%(P < 0.05), respectively. On the other hand, the histological changes were less severe and the GAP-43 expression increased in hippocampal CA1 and cortical region.Conclusion: SQTS showed therapeutic benefits on sequelae post-stroke in rats, which might be through the pathway of regeneration or neuroplasticity.

Hybrid superconducting photonic-phononic chip for quantum information processing

The integration of qubits with long coherence times and functional quantum devices on a single chip,and thus the realization of an allsolidstate quantum computing chip,is an important goal in current experimental research on quantum information processing.Among various quantum platforms,a series of significant progresses have been made in photonic quantum chips and superconducting quantum chips,while both the number of qubits and the complexity of quantum circuits have been increasing.Although these two chip platforms have respective unique advantages and potentials,their shortcomings have been gradually revealed and need to be solved.By introducing phonon-integrated devices,it is possible to combine all unsuspended phononic,photonic,and superconducting quantum devices organi-cally on the same chip to achieve coherent coupling among them.Here,we provide a prospect and a short review on the integrated photonic,superconducting,and hybrid quantum chips for quantum information processing.