Cluster structure prediction via CALYPSO method

Cluster science as a bridge linking atomic molecular physics and condensed matter inspired the nanomaterials development in the past decades, ranging from the single-atom catalysis to ligand-protected noble metal clusters. The corresponding studies not only have been restricted to the search for the geometrical structures of clusters, but also have promoted the development of cluster-assembled materials as the building blocks. The CALYPSO cluster prediction method combined with other computational techniques have significantly stimulated the development of the cluster-based nanomaterials. In this review, we will summarize some good cases of cluster structure by CALYPSO method, which have also been successfully identified by the photoelectron spectra experiments. Beginning with the alkali-metal clusters, which serve as benchmarks, a series of studies are performed on the size-dependent elemental clusters which possess relatively high stability and interesting chemical physical properties. Special attentions are paid to the boron-based clusters because of their promising applications. The NbSi12 and BeB16 clusters, for example, are two classic representatives of the silicon-and boron-based clusters, which can be viewed as building blocks of nanotubes and borophene. This review offers a detailed description of the structural evolutions and electronic properties of medium-sized pure and doped clusters, which will advance fundamental knowledge of cluster-based nanomaterials and provide valuable information for further theoretical and experimental studies.

Method for studying diatomic rovibrational spectra at a given vibrational state

An algebraic method for rotational energies at a given vibrational state(AMr(v)) is proposed in this study in order to obtain unknown high-lying rovibrational energies. Applications of this method to the ground electronic state X^1Σ^+of CO and the excited state C^1Σ^+of^(39)K^7Li molecules show the following:(1) the AMr(v) can give the rational upper limit J of a rotational quantum number of a diatomic electronic state;(2) the full AMr(v) rovibrational energies {E_(υJ)}_υ of given vibrational states not only reproduce all known experimental data excellently but also predict precisely the values of all high-lying rovibrational energies,which may not be available experimentally.

An Analysis of the ＂Little China＂ Ideology of Choson Korea

The Choson dynasty founded by Yi Seong-gye was closely involved in the tributary system of the Ming dynasty. ChosSn Korea called itself ＂Little China＂ due to the following two policies： mohwa （admiring China） and sadae （serving the greater）. Choson Korea traced its origin back to the dongyi （Eastern Barbarians） and claimed itself the only nation that had transformed itself from ＂Yi＂ （barbarian） to ＂Hwa＂ （Chinese） in the Chinese world system. References to the sage Kija （Jizi） in moral, historical, and political writings indicated the beginning of this transformation and thus the worship of Kija was consistently implemented. The ritual and cultural systems in Choson Korea imitated those of China. The policy of admiring China, Confucian thought, and the worship of Confucius comprised a significant part of the ＂Little China＂ ideology. After the Ming-Qing transition, Choson Korea did not acknowledge the legitimacy of the Qing dynasty and considered itself the only and true China.