留美学子的美好记忆——怀念李华伟馆长

提到李华伟馆长,凡是在俄亥俄大学读书或是工作的华人,几乎没有人不认识这位总是面带微笑、和蔼可亲的华人图书馆馆长。我是在1997年进入俄亥俄大学电影系读研究生的。大概是因为很少有从中国来的留学生学电影,所以我很快就被介绍加入中国学生学者联谊会做了宣传委员,主要负责各种活动中的摄影和摄像。此后,在中国学生学者联谊会的各种活动中,总是可以见到笑容可掬的李馆长和Mary。

Effects of a Dry-Mass Conserving Dynamical Core on the Simulation of Tropical Cyclones

The accurate forecasting of tropical cyclones(TCs)is a challenging task.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a dry-mass conserving(DMC)hydrostatic global spectral dynamical core on TC simulation.Experiments were conducted with DMC and total(moist)mass conserving(TMC)dynamical cores.The TC forecast performance was first evaluated considering 20 TCs in the West Pacific region observed during the 2020 typhoon season.The impacts of the DMC dynamical core on forecasts of individual TCs were then estimated.The DMC dynamical core improved both the track and intensity forecasts,and the TC intensity forecast improvement was much greater than the TC track forecast improvement.Sensitivity simulations indicated that the DMC dynamical core-simulated TC intensity was stronger regardless of the forecast lead time.In the DMC dynamical core experiments,three-dimensional winds and warm and moist cores were consistently enhanced with the TC intensity.Drier air in the boundary inflow layer was found in the DMC dynamical core experiments at the early simulation times.Water vapor mixing ratio budget analysis indicated that this mainly depended on the simulated vertical velocity.Higher updraft above the boundary layer yielded a drier boundary layer,resulting in surface latent heat flux(SLHF)enhancement,the major energy source of TC intensification.The higher DMC dynamical core-simulated updraft in the inner core caused a higher net surface rain rate,producing higher net internal atmospheric diabatic heating and increasing the TC intensity.These results indicate that the stronger DMC dynamical coresimulated TCs are mainly related to the higher DMC vertical velocity.

Pentalogy of Cantrell with Pentalogy of Fallot and Left Ventricular Diverticulum

Pentalogy of Cantrell is a congenital anomaly characterized by a combination of birth defects involving the sternum,diaphragm,pericardium,abdominal wall,and heart.Pentalogy of Cantrell is a rare anomaly with high mortality.This paper describes the treatment of a 9-month-old girl with pentalogy of Cantrell,pentalogy of Fallot,and left ventricular diverticulum.The patient is alive and well 13 years after surgery.

从生命教育视角审视和建构幼儿园教育

生命教育发展迅速,内涵不断扩展,深刻影响着当今教育。当前幼儿园教育与生命教育虽然在价值追求上基本相通,但是在教育实践中存在着某些背离,导致了幼儿生命状态堪忧与生命意识薄弱等问题。工具理性主义对幼儿园教育的钳制、幼儿园场地等物质条件的限制、幼教实践工作者教育素养与能力上的局限等是造成这种背离的主要原因。构建与实施幼儿园生命教育,必须突出生命的教育基础属性,明确幼儿生命教育宗旨,创设幼儿生命教育课程,以生命体验为主要手段,推进生命教育师资培养。

林木类生物资产会计计量与报告研究——基于福建金森的案例分析

林木类生物资产不同于一般生物资产，其自然增值性和经营周期长的特性决定了在会计计量和报告方面具有一定的特殊性。本文以福建金森林业股份有限公司为研究对象，对林木类生物资产计量和报告进行了案例研究，分析了林木类生物资产的历史成本计量模式和财务报表列报方式对企业财务信息的影响。结果显示，历史成本计量模式在林木类生物资产经营周期内的多个会计期间没有对资产增值情况予以确认和计量，造成了资产账面价值低于实际价值、收获时产品毛利率虚高的经济后果；将林木类消耗性生物资产作为存货项目在财务报表列报，造成企业流动比率和存货周转率等财务指标失真，会计信息没有真实反映资产价值变化规律和经营成果。针对存在的问题，本文从企业会计核算和会计准则的层面提出了林木类生物资产计量与报告的改进措施。

瑶族传统舞蹈资源在乡镇幼儿园艺术课程中的应用

民族传统文化是重要的教育资源,将其开发和转化成幼儿园课程不仅可以丰富和完善幼儿园课程体系,促进幼儿全面发展,而且可以传承民族文化,培养幼儿的文化认同感与文化自信。瑶族传统的"棕包脑"舞蹈蕴含着丰富的动作、服饰、音乐、语言、道具等元素,将其应用于当地的乡镇幼儿园艺术课程实践,可以有效解决民族地区乡镇幼儿园文化资本阙如的问题,同时也可以为幼儿创设良好的课程与文化环境。在应用过程中,无论是围绕传统舞蹈的某一特定内容设计单独的领域活动,还是将其不同内容进行融合开展模块化教学,乡镇幼儿园都应注意遵循目的性、适宜性、生活性和趣味性原则,并将有关的文化与教育元素渗透在幼儿园环境创设中,帮助幼儿在学习和传承民族文化的过程中获得更好的发展。

邵阳布袋戏的儿童教育价值与课程开发路径

传统戏剧是中华优秀传统文化的重要组成部分,是幼儿园重要的课程资源。邵阳布袋戏集木偶技巧、戏剧形式和表演技艺于一体,具有突出的艺术价值和厚重的文化内涵,不仅可以激发幼儿的活动参与兴趣,拓展幼儿的经验,而且有助于幼儿各项能力和品质的培养。幼儿园应在充分考虑幼儿身心发展水平、教师课程开发能力、传统戏剧课程实践条件的基础上,以浸润的方式创设具有布袋戏特色的课程环境,在领域教学、区角活动、一日生活中广泛渗透布袋戏元素,积极借助家庭和社会的力量,开展多样化的布袋戏课程实践活动。

幼儿园绘画活动中教师示范的发展与实施

教师示范以其直观、形象、具体等特点,一直以来在幼儿园绘画教学活动中占据着重要的地位,对丰富儿童感性经验、激发儿童强烈学习兴趣、帮助儿童理解事物特点、掌握不同工具材料的使用技巧等具有重要价值。幼儿园美术教育中的示范经历了从技能型依赖性示范到审美型选择性示范的转变,教师应从目的、形式、情境等多个方面重新思考有效示范的路径和策略,以克服示范所具有的单一性、限定性等弊端,从而更好地发挥示范的积极作用。

Stem cell transplantation for treatment of cerebral ischemia in rats Effects of human umbilical cord blood stem cells and human neural stem cells

BACKGROUND： Exogenous neural stem cell transplantation promotes neural regeneration. However, various types of stem cells transplantation outcomes remain controversial. OBJECTIVE： To explore distribution, proliferation and differentiation of human neural stem cells （hNSCs） and human umbilical cord blood stem cells （hUCBSCs） following transplantation in ischemic brain tissue of rats, and to compare therapeutic outcomes between hNSCs and hUCBSCs. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Randomized controlled animal studies were performed at the Experimental Animal Center of Nanjing Medical University and Central Laboratory of Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University of China from September 2008 to April 2009. MATERIALS： hNSCs were harvested from brain tissue of 10 13 week old fetuses following spontaneous abortion, and hUCBSCs were collected from umbilical cord blood of full-term newborns at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University of China. hNSCs and hUCBSCs were labeled by 5-bromodeoxyuridine （BrdU） prior to transplantation. METHODS： Rat models of cerebral ischemia were established by the suture method. A total of 60 healthy male Sprague Dawley rats aged 7-9 weeks were randomly assigned to hNSC transplantation, hUCBSC transplantation and control groups. The rat models in the hNSC transplantation, hUCBSC transplantation and control groups were infused with hNSC suspension, hUCBSC suspension and saline via the caudal vein, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The distribution, proliferation and differentiation of hNSCs and hUCBSCs in ischemic brain tissue were observed using immunohistochemical methods. Neurological function in rats was assessed using the neurological severity score. RESULTS： The number of BrdU-positive cells was significantly greater in the hNSC transplantation group compared with hUCBSC transplantation group at 14 days following transplantation （P 〈 0.05） The number of BrdU-positive cells reached a peak at 28 days following transplantation. Nestin-positive, glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive, cyclic nucleotide 3＇ phosphohydrolase-positive and neuron specific enolase-positive cells were visible following transplantation. No significant difference was determined in the constituent ratio of various cells between hNSC and hUCBSC transplantation groups （P 〉 0.05）. The neurological severity score was significantly decreased in rats at 21 days following transplantation （P 〈 0.05）. No significant difference was detected in neurological severity score between hNSC and hUCBSC transplantation groups at various time points （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The transplanted hNSCs and hUCBSCs can migrate into ischemic brain tissue, proliferate and differentiate into neuron-like, astrocyte-like and oligodendrocyte-like cells, and improve neurological function in rats with cerebral ischemia.

Efficacy of chalcopyrite bioleaching using a pure and a mixed bacterium

To determine the efficacy of chalcopyrite bioleaching using pure cultures of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans or Thiobacillus thiooxidans and a mixed culture composed of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans, experiments were carried out in shake flasks with [Fe^2＋] 4 g·L^-1 and S 1 g·L^-1 at pH=1.80, 130 r/min and 30℃. The tests showed that the copper extraction in a mixed culture composed of Thiobacillusferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans is higher than that in a pure culture. On the other hand, an important potential of Thiobacillus thiooxidans to leaching chalcopyrite was indicated. Thiobacillus thiooxidans can prevent jarosites accumulating on the substrate and allow further copper to dissolute through the action of ferric ion. The selection of the suitable pH in a leaching solution would be significant. Thiobacillus thiooxidans and Thiobacillus ferrooxidans play an important role in the bioleaching process. Finally, the mechanism and the reason for iron precipitation were also discussed in detail.

The interactions between surface Kuroshio transport and the eddy field east of Taiwan using satellite altimeter data

Based on the daily sea surface height and absolute geostrophic velocity data from 1993 to 2015 provided by the AVISO Center of French Space Agency, the surface Kuroshio transport east of Taiwan and its adjacent eddy field(sea surface height anomaly) were analyzed. Four main periods of the surface Kuroshio transport and eddy field east of Taiwan were obtained, which were used to reveal their interactions. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) Based on the wavelet analysis, the surface Kuroshio transport east of Taiwan and its nearby eddy field showed significant seasonal, annual and interannual periods. In addition to the obvious periods of 182 days(0.5 year) and365 days(1 year), there were also more obvious periods of about 860 days(2.35 years) and 2 472 days(6.8 years)for the surface Kuroshio transport. There were also four more obvious periods corresponding to the eddy field of 200 days(0.55 year), 374 days(1 year), 889 days(2.43 years) and 2 374 days(6.5 years), although there were latitudinal variations.(2) Based on both the correlation and causal analysis, the correlation between the surface Kuroshio transport and the nearby eddy field over the above four periods was analyzed, and different Kuroshioeddy interactions, with period and latitudinal variability, were revealed.

A randomized trial comparing the Tennant Biomodulator to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and traditional Chinese acupuncture for the treatment of chronic pain in military service members

Background:The present investigation tested the efficacy of the Tennant Biomodulator,a novel pain management intervention that uses biofeedback-modulated electrical stimulation,to reduce chronic pain and its psychosocial sequelae in a sample of current and former military service members.The Tennant Biomodulator used on its most basic setting was compared to two commonly used,non-pharmacological pain treatments—traditional Chinese acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS)—in a comparative efficacy,randomized,open-label trial.Methods:Participants included 100 active duty and retired service men and women with chronic pain undergoing treatment at the Brooke Army Medical Center in Texas,USA,randomly assigned to receive six,weekly sessions of either Tennant Biomodulator treatment,traditional Chinese acupuncture,or TENS,in addition to usual care.Recruitment was conducted between May 2010 to September 2013.Outcome measures were collected at intake,before and after each treatment session,and at a 1-month follow-up.Intent-to-treat analyses were used throughout,with mixed models used to investigate main effects of group,time,and group×time interactions with consideration given to quadratic effects.Outcomes measured included ratings of chronic pain,pain-related functional disability,and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)and depression.Results:On average,regardless of their treatment group,participants exhibited a 16%reduction in pain measured by the Brooke Army Medical Center’s Clinic Pain Log[F(1,335)=55.7,P<0.0001]and an 11%reduction in pain-related disability measured by the Million Visual Analog Scale[MVAS:F(1,84)=28.3,P<0.0001]from baseline to the end of treatment,but no one treatment performed better than the other,and the reductions in pain and pain-related disability were largely lost by 1-month follow-up.Symptoms of PTSD and depression did not change significantly as a function of time or group.Conclusions:Findings build on previous work suggesting that traditional Chinese acupuncture and TENS can reduce pain and its functional sequelae without risks associated with pharmacological pain management.The Tennant Biomodulator used on its most basic setting performs as well as these other interventions.Based on the present findings,large,randomized controlled trials on the Tennant Biomodulator are indicated.Future work should test this device using its full range of settings for pain-related psychological health.Trial registration:Clincialtrials.gov(NCT01752010);registered December 14,2012.

Classification of full-polarization ALOS-PALSAR imagery using SVM in arid area of Dunhuang

Classification is an important process in interpretation of synthetic aperture radar （SAR） imagery. As an advanced instrument for remote sensing, the polarimetric SAR has been applied widely in many fields. The main aim of this paper is to explore the ability of the full-polarization SAR data in classification. The study area is a part of Dunhuang, Gansu Province, China. An L-band full-polarization image of Dunhuang which includes quad-polarization modes was acquired by the ALOS-PALSAR （Advanced Land Observing Satellite-the Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar）. Firstly, new characteristic information was extracted by the difference operation, ratio operation, and principal component transform based on the full-polarization （HH, HV or VH, VV） modes SAR data. Then the single-, dual-, full-polarization SAR data and new SAR characteristic information were used to analyze quantitatively the classification accuracy based on the Support Vector Machines （SVM）. The results show that classification overall accuracy of single-polarization SAR data is poor, and the highest is 56.53% of VV polarization. The classification overall accuracy of dual-polarization SAR is much better than single-polarization, the highest is 74.77% ofHV ＆ VV polarization data. The classification overall accuracy of full-polarization SAR is 80.21%, adding the difference characteristic information, ratio characteristic information and the first principal component （PC1） respectively, the overall accuracy increased by 3.09%, 3.38%, 4.14% respectively. When the full-polarization SAR data in combination with the all characteristic information, the classification overall accuracy reached to 91.01%. The full-polarization SAR data in combination with the band math characteristic information or the PC1 can greatly improve classification accuracy.

Methods for calculating glacier area and length in a mountainous area based on remote-sensing data and a digital elevation model

In a mountainous region, the glacier area and length extracted form the satellite imagery data is the projected area and length of the land surface, which can’t be representative of the reality; there are always some errors. In this paper, the methods of calculating glacier area and length calculation were put forward based on satellite imagery data and a digital elevation model (DEM). The pure pixels and the mixed pixels were extracted based on the linear spectral un-mixing approach, the slop of the pixels was calculated based on the DEM, then the area calculation method was presented. The projection length was obtained from the satellite imagery data, and the elevation differences was calculated from the DEM. The length calculation method was presented based on the Pythagorean theorem. For a glacier in the study area of western Qilian Mountain, northwestern China, the projected area and length were 140.93 km2 and 30.82 km, respectively. This compares with the results calculated by the methods in this paper, which were 155.16 km2 and 32.11 km respectively, a relative error of the projected area and length extracted from the LandSat Thematic Mapper (TM) image directly reach to -9.2 percent and -4.0 percent, respectively. The calculation method is more in accord with the practicality and can provide reference for some other object’s area and length monitoring in a mountainous region.

Induced growth of Fe-N_x active sites using carbon templates

Highly active Fe-N_x sites that effectively improve the performance of non-precious metal electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions（ORRs） are desirable. Herein, we propose a strategy for introducing a carbon template into a melamine/Fe-salt mixture to inductively generate highly active Fe-N_x sites for ORR. Using 57 Fe M？sbauer spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, we studied the structural composition of the Fe and N co-doped carbon catalysts.Interestingly, the results showed that this system not only converted inactive Fe and Fe-carbides into active Fe-N_4 and other Fe-nitrides, but also improved their intrinsic activities.

Process engineering in electrochemical energy devices innovation

This review focuses on the application of process engineering in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices innovation. For polymer electrolyte based devices, it highlights that a strategic simple switch from proton exchange membranes(PEMs) to hydroxide exchange membranes(HEMs) may lead to a new-generation of affordable electrochemical energy devices including fuel cells, electrolyzers, and solar hydrogen generators. For lithium-ion batteries, a series of advancements in design and chemistry are required for electric vehicle and energy storage applications. Manufacturing process development and optimization of the LiF eP O_4/C cathode materials and several emerging novel anode materials are also discussed using the authors' work as examples.Design and manufacturing process of lithium-ion battery electrodes are introduced in detail, and modeling and optimization of large-scale lithium-ion batteries are also presented. Electrochemical energy materials and device innovations can be further prompted by better understanding of the fundamental transport phenomena involved in unit operations.

Effects of gravel mulch on aeolian transport:a field wind tunnel simulation

The shape,size and coverage of gravels have significant impacts on aeolian sand transport.This study provided an understanding of aeolian transport over the gravel mulching surfaces at different wind velocities by means of a mobile wind tunnel simulation.The tested gravel coverage increased from 5% to 80%,with a progressive increment of 5%.The gravels used in the experiments have three sizes in diameter.Wind velocities were measured using 10 sand-proof pitot-static probes,and mean velocity fields were obtained and discussed.The results showed that mean velocity fields obtained over different gravel mulches were similar.The analysis of wind speed patterns revealed an inherent link between gravel mulches and mean airflow characteristics on the gravel surfaces.The optimal gravel coverage is considered to be the critical level above or below which aeolian transport characteristics differ strongly.According to the present study,the optimal gravel coverage was found to be around 30% or 40%.Threshold velocity linearly increased with gravel coverage.Sand transport rate first increased with height above the wind tunnel floor（Hf）,reaching a peak at some midpoint,and then decreased.

Assimilating satellite SST/SSH and in-situ T/S profiles with the Localized Weighted Ensemble Kalman Filter

The Localized Weighted Ensemble Kalman Filter(LWEnKF)is a new nonlinear/non-Gaussian data assimilation(DA)method that can effectively alleviate the filter degradation problem faced by particle filtering,and it has great prospects for applications in geophysical models.In terms of operational applications,along-track sea surface height(AT-SSH),swath sea surface temperature(S-SST)and in-situ temperature and salinity(T/S)profiles are assimilated using the LWEnKF in the northern South China Sea(SCS).To adapt to the vertical S-coordinates of the Regional Ocean Modelling System(ROMS),a vertical localization radius function is designed for T/S profiles assimilation using the LWEnKF.The results show that the LWEnKF outperforms the local particle filter(LPF)due to the introduction of the Ensemble Kalman Filter(EnKF)as a proposal density;the RMSEs of SSH and SST from the LWEnKF are comparable to the EnKF,but the RMSEs of T/S profiles reduce significantly by approximately 55%for the T profile and 35%for the S profile(relative to the EnKF).As a result,the LWEnKF makes more reasonable predictions of the internal ocean temperature field.In addition,the three-dimensional structures of nonlinear mesoscale eddies are better characterized when using the LWEnKF.

Defect of SLC38A3 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and predicts poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Objective: Solute carrier family 38(SLC38 s) transporters play important roles in amino acid transportation and signaling transduction. However, their genetic alterations and biological roles in tumors are still largely unclear.This study aimed to elucidate the genetic signatures of SLC38 s transporters and their implications in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).Methods: Analyses on somatic mutation and copy number alterations(CNAs) of SLC38 A3 were performed as described. Immunohistochemistry(IHC) assay and Western blot assay were used to detect the protein expression level. MTS assay, colony formation assay, transwell assay and wound healing assay were used to explore the malignant phenotypes of ESCC cells. Immunofluorescence assay was used to verify the colocalization of two indicated proteins and immunopreciptation assay was performed to confirm the interaction of proteins.Results: Our findings revealed that SLC38 s family was significantly disrupted in ESCC, with high frequent CNAs and few somatic mutations. SLC38 A3 was the most frequent loss gene among them and was linked to poor survival and lymph node metastasis. The expression of SLC38 A3 was lower in tumor tissues compared to that in normal tissues, which was also significantly associated with worse clinical outcome. Further experiments revealed that depletion of SLC38 A3 could promote EMT in ESCC cell lines, and the interaction of SLC38 A3 and SETDB1 might lead to the reduced transcription of Snail. Pharmacogenomic analyses demonstrated that fifteen inhibitors were showed significantly correlated with SLC38 A3 expression.Conclusions: Our investigations have provided insights that SLC38 A3 could act as a suppressor in EMT pathway and serve as a prognostic factor and predictor of differential drug sensitivities in ESCC.

A Gaussian process regression-based sea surface temperature interpolation algorithm

The resolution of ocean reanalysis datasets is generally low because of the limited resolution of their associated numerical models.Low-resolution ocean reanalysis datasets are therefore usually interpolated to provide an initial or boundary field for higher-resolution regional ocean models.However,traditional interpolation methods(nearest neighbor interpolation,bilinear interpolation,and bicubic interpolation)lack physical constraints and can generate significant errors at land-sea boundaries and around islands.In this paper,a machine learning method is used to design an interpolation algorithm based on Gaussian process regression.The method uses a multiscale kernel function to process two-dimensional space meteorological ocean processes and introduces multiscale physical feature information(sea surface wind stress,sea surface heat flux,and ocean current velocity).This greatly improves the spatial resolution of ocean features and the interpolation accuracy.The eff ectiveness of the algorithm was validated through interpolation experiments relating to sea surface temperature(SST).The root mean square error(RMSE)of the interpolation algorithm was 38.9%,43.7%,and 62.4%lower than that of bilinear interpolation,bicubic interpolation,and nearest neighbor interpolation,respectively.The interpolation accuracy was also significantly better in off shore area and around islands.The algorithm has an acceptable runtime cost and good temporal and spatial generalizability.