Tuning desolvation kinetics of in-situ weakly solvating polyacetal electrolytes for dendrite-free lithium metal batteries

The host structure of polymers significantly influences ion transport and interfacial stability of electrolytes,dictating battery cycle life and safety for solid-state lithium metal batteries.Despite promising properties of ethylene oxide-based electrolytes,their typical clamp-like coordination geometry leads to crowd solvation sheath and overly strong interactions between Li^(+)and electrolytes,rendering difficult dissociation of Li+and unfavorable solid electrolyte interface(SEI).Herein,we explore weakly solvating characteristics of polyacetal electrolytes owing to their alternately changing intervals between–O–coordinating sites in the main chain.Such structural asymmetry leads to unique distorted helical solvation sheath,and can effectively reduce Li^(+)-electrolyte binding and tune Li^(+)desolvation kinetics in the insitu formed polymer electrolytes,yielding anion-derived SEI and dendrite-free Li electrodeposition.Combining with photoinitiated cationic ring-opening polymerization,polyacetal electrolytes can be instantly formed within 5 min at the surface of electrode,with high segmental chain motion and well adapted interfaces.Such in-situ polyacetal electrolytes enabled more than 1300-h of stable lithium electrodeposition and prolonged cyclability over 200 cycles in solid-state batteries at ambient temperatures,demonstrating the vital role of molecular structure in changing solvating behavior and Li deposition stability for high-performance electrolytes.

Treating CsPbI_(3) Perovskite with Pyrrolidinium Iodide to Improve the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells

All-inorganic CsPbI_(3) perovskite has attracted wide attention due to its desirable optical bandgap(Eg:∼1.7 eV)as well as high chemical stability.Nevertheless,the photovoltaic performance of CsPbI_(3) perovskite solar cells(PSCs)was limited by severe nonradiative charge recombination due to high defect density at the grain boundary and surface of perovskitefilms.To address this issue,a pyrrolidinium iodide(PyI)molecule was introduced to modify the surface and grain boundary of CsPbI_(3) perovskitefilms to passivate defects,which improves the quality of CsPbI_(3) perovskitefilms as well as induces the generation of a quasi-2D Py_(2)CsPb_(2)I_(7) capping layer between per-ovskite layer and hole transport layer.Such quasi-2D Py_(2)CsPb_(2)I_(7) capping layer optimizes interface contact between CsPbI_(3) perovskite layer and hole transport layer and blocks the electron transfer from CsPbI_(3) perovskite photoactive layer to the hole transport layer.As a result,the performance of CsPbI_(3) PSCs is well improved to 17.87%for power conversion efficiency(PCE)with an ultra-high fill factor(FF)of 0.84.In addition,the PyI mole-cule modified CsPbI_(3) perovskite devices exhibit excellent stability,which remains its initial PCE almost unchanged after aging for 35 days under the dry air atmosphere(temperature:20℃–30℃,control relative humid-ity(RH):<10%).

Influence of Late Springtime Surface Sensible Heat Flux Anomalies over the Tibetan and Iranian Plateaus on the Location of the South Asian High in Early Summer

Variation in the location of the South Asian High （SAH） in early boreal summer is strongly influenced by elevated surface heating from the Tibetan Plateau （TP） and the Iranian Plateau （IP）. Based on observational and ERA-Interim data, diagnostic analyses reveal that the interannual northwestward-southeastwaxd （NW-SE） shift of the SAH in June is more closely correlated with the synergistic effect of concurrent surface thermal anomalies over the TP and IP than with each single surface thermal anomaly over either plateau from the preceding May. Concurrent surface thermal anomalies over these two plateaus in May are characterized by a negative correlation between sensible heat flux over most parts of the TP （TPSH） and IP （IPSH）. This anomaly pattern can persist till June and influences the NW-SE shift of the SAH in June through the release of latent heat （LH） over northeastern India. When the IPSH is stronger （weaker） and the TPSH is weaker （stronger） than normal in May, an anomalous cyclone （anticyclone） appears over northern India at 850 hPa, which is accompanied by the ascent （descent） of air and anomalous convergence （divergence） of moisture flux in May and June. Therefore, the LH release over northeastern India is strengthened （weakened） and the vertical gradient of apparent heat source is decreased （increased） in the upper troposphere, which is responsible for the northwestward （southeastward） shift of the SAH in June.

Clinical study of docetaxel-vinorelbine as second-line chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Objective： To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of docetaxel and vinorelbine as second-line chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： 48 histologically or cytologically confirmed NSCLC patients with progressive or recurrent disease after first-line treatment were treated with docetaxel and vinoretbine. The chemotherapy included vinorelbine （25 mg/m^2） on days 1,5 and docetaxel （60 mg/m^2） on day 1. The treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. Patients receiving at least two cycles were evaluated for efficacy and toxicity. Results： Of 48 patients, 1 patient achieved complete response and 16 achieved partial response. Overall response rate for all 48 patients was 35.4% （17/48）. Main hematologic toxicities included neutropenia （60.4%） and febrile neutropenia （29.2%） and non-hematologic toxicities were mild. Conclusion： The combination of docetaxel-vinorelbine as second-line chemotherapy is an effective regimen with manageable toxicity for the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Further studies may confirm these results.

槐耳清膏对免疫性血小板减少症患者B淋巴细胞的作用研究

目的:探究槐耳清膏对免疫性血小板减少症(immune thrombocytopenic purpura,ITP)患者B淋巴细胞及其亚群的作用。方法:分析2019年1月至2020年3月大连医科大学附属第二医院诊断的20例ITP患者的外周血,患者中位年龄53.5(16.0~87.0)岁,其中男性8例,女性12例。首先采用流式细胞术比较患者与健康对照者CD19^(+)B淋巴细胞及其亚群CD19^(+)CD27^(+)记忆B淋巴细胞、CD19^(+)CD24^(+)CD38^(+)调节B淋巴细胞比例异同;用不同浓度(2、4、6 mg·mL^(-1))槐耳清膏处理B淋巴细胞株,应用CCK-8检测槐耳清膏对B淋巴细胞增殖的影响;流式细胞仪测定槐耳清膏处理外周血72 h后B淋巴细胞亚群的变化。结果:ITP患者CD19^(+)B淋巴细胞比例明显高于正常对照;中药槐耳清膏能够抑制B淋巴细胞的增殖,抑制ITP患者记忆性B淋巴细胞及调节B淋巴细胞。结论:中药槐耳清膏能抑制ITP患者B淋巴细胞的增殖,本研究为临床的应用提供理论依据。

3D Printing of NiCoP/Ti3C2 MXene Architectures for Energy Storage Devices with High Areal and Volumetric Energy Density

Designing high-performance electrodes via 3D printing for advanced energy storage is appealing but remains challenging.In normal cases,light-weight carbonaceous materials harnessing excellent electrical conductivity have served as electrode candidates.However,they struggle with undermined areal and volumetric energy density of supercapacitor devices,thereby greatly impeding the practical applications.Herein,we demonstrate the in situ coupling of NiCoP bimetallic phosphide and Ti3C2 MXene to build up heavy NCPM electrodes affording tunable mass loading throughout 3D printing technology.The resolution of prints reaches 50μm and the thickness of device electrodes is ca.4 mm.Thus-printed electrode possessing robust open framework synergizes favorable capacitance of NiCoP and excellent conductivity of MXene,readily achieving a high areal and volumetric capacitance of 20 F cm^-2 and 137 F cm^-3 even at a high mass loading of^46.3 mg cm^-2.Accordingly,an asymmetric supercapacitor full cell assembled with 3D-printed NCPM as a positive electrode and 3D-printed activated carbon as a negative electrode harvests remarkable areal and volumetric energy density of 0.89 mWh cm^-2 and 2.2 mWh cm^-3,outperforming the most of state-of-the-art carbon-based supercapacitors.The present work is anticipated to offer a viable solution toward the customized construction of multifunctional architectures via 3D printing for high-energy-density energy storage systems.

Effective doctor-patient communication skills training optimizes functional organization of intrinsic brain architecture:a restingstate functional MRI study

We studied the influence of doctor-patient communication skills training on brain functional architecture using resting-state functional MRI（rs-fMRI） with a regional homogeneity（ReHo） method. Ten medical students participated in the study. A 1-year long doctor-patient communication skills training program was conducted. RsfMRI data were collected at baseline, one month and one year after training. There was a significant increase in the communication skills test average scores between baseline and 1-month duration of training（P〈0.001）. After one month of communication skills training, medical students had decreased ReHo in the right superior temporal gyrus compared with the baseline. After one year of communication skills training, students had increased ReHo in multiple regions and decreased ReHo in several regions（P 〈0.05, Alphasim corrected）. The change of ReHo values in the superior temporal gyrus negatively correlated with the change of communication skills scale score between one month after communication skills training and baseline（r=-0.734, P= 0.036）. The training program we used can be an effective approach of improving doctor-patient communication skills, and the training resulted in functional plasticity of the brain’s architecture toward optimizing locally functional organization.

Growth characterization of anodic film on AZ91D magnesium alloy in an electrolyte of Na_2SiO_3 and KF

Anodization of AZ91D magnesium alloy in the electrolyte solution of 0.5 mol/L of sodium silicate and 1.0 mol/L of potassium fluoride was investigated. The anodic films were characterized using optical microscopy （OM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The corrosion resistance of the various anodized alloys was evaluated by a fast corrosion test using the solution of hydrochloric acid and potassium dichromate. The results showed that the addition of KF resulted in the presence of NaF in the anodic film. The thickness of the anodic film formed under a constant current density of 20 mA/cm^2 for 16 rain at 60℃ exceeded 100 gm. The growth of the anodic film could be divided into three stages based on the anodizing time; the growth rate was much faster during stage Ⅱ than in stages I and Ⅲ. The anodic film exhibited the highest corrosion resistance for the AZ91 alloy, which is attributed to the fact that the anodization was maintained until the end of stage Ⅱ.

Who Are We,What Can We Do,and What Do We Think?Review on EAP Teacher Development

In this review of the literature regarding English for Academic Purposes(EAP)teacher development,we focus on empirical studies of pedagogical initiatives,research potential,and the cognitive status of practicing EAP instructors.A selection of 107 articles published in the Journal of English for Academic Purposes and English for Specific Purposes between the years 2002 and 2021 was retrieved for our categorized review.Our investigation affirms that research by and about EAP instructors remains an underdeveloped area in the field.We also attempt to point out future directions for teacher-led research with a conceptual understanding of EAP as a research-informed practice as well as practice-motivated research.

Photonics 60 GBaud PDM-16QAM fiber-wireless 2×2 MIMO delivery at THz-band

The terahertz photonics technique has bright application prospects in future sixth-generation(6G)broadband communication.In this study,we have experimentally demonstrated a photonics-assisted record-breaking net bit rate of 417 Gbit/s per wavelength signals delivery in a fiber-wireless converged communication system supported by advanced digital-signalprocessing(DSP)algorithms and a polarization multiplexing-based multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)scheme.In the experiment,up to 60 GBaud(480 Gbit/s)polarization-division-multiplexing 16-ary quadrature-amplitude-modulation(PDM16QAM)signals are transmitted over 20 km fibers and 3 m wireless 2×2 MIMO links at 318 GHz with the bit error rate(BER)under 1.56×10^(−2).It is the first demonstration to our knowledge of signals delivery exceeding 400 Gbit/s per wavelength in a photonics-assisted fiber-wireless converged 2×2 MIMO communication system.

Snow depth simulated by BATS-SAST model and its improvement

A BATS-SAST model was employed to simulate the snow processes in four snow cases of Sk_OJP 2001/2002, 2002/2003, 2003/2004 and Sk_HarvestJP 2003/2004 of Canada. At Sk_OJP site we modified the long-wave radiation and precipitation schemes. Considering the different interceptions between rain and snow and the effect of wind and canopy temperature on snow download, we improved the canopy interception model. At Sk_HarvestJP site we modified the snow cover fraction scheme. Results show that the model reasonably simulates the basic processes of snow cover. The modified model, which considers the part of the long-wave radiation and precipitation transmitted through the canopy at Sk_OJP site, can increase the simulation of snow depth which is closer to the observations. The improved canopy interception model, which influences the variation of snow depth under the canopy by changing canopy interception, is a great improvement on simulation of snow depth, especially on the ablation of snow cover. At Sk_HarvestJP site, there are obvious improvements on simulation of snow depth on the ablation of snow cover.

A Rough Set Based Optimization Method for Elderly Evaluation

In order to improve the efficiency of elderly evaluation, an optimization method based on rough set is proposed. Compared with the traditional rough set attribute reduction, the redundant evaluation items are eliminated by items’ correlation. It avoids a big overhead of calculating the core of rough sets that have many attributes. A novel rule reduction method is proposed based on reliability and coverage, in order to solve the problem of rarely appeared rules and conflict rules in traditional rough set. A sorting algorithm based on coverage is used to optimize the traditional flat evaluation questionnaire model with a hierarchical order. By these optimizations, the number of items that need to evaluate is greatly reduced. The proposed approach is deployed in an elderly service company named Lime family. Real-life result shows that the method can reduce more than 40% items with over 90% accuracy prediction rate. Compared with decision tree and the method based on expert knowledge in reduction rate and accuracy rate, the method has same performance in one index, and 20% improvement on average in the other one.

Call for Implementation: A New Software Development Mode for Leveraging the Resources of Open Community

With the growth of the internet and open software, there are additional software developers available from the open community that can participate in the development of software application systems. Aiming to leverage these resources, a new development model, CFI (call for implementation), is proposed. The basic idea of CFI is to publish some part of a software project to the open community, whole or part, in certain phases of the software development lifecycle to call for implementation. This paper discusses the basic concept and method for a software development process in CFI mode. Two different modes of CFI with different granularities are analyzed. And one of the CFI modes, fine-granularity-CFI mode, is thoroughly discussed including the main methods and basic steps. To verify the ideas a pilot project, an online store system, is built up with the CFI development process. The online store system takes the traditional Model-View-Control architecture and some common technologies such as Struts, Hibernate, Spring are used. The result shows that this new kind of software development mode is feasible though there are many problems that are still requiring further study.

155例鎖骨骨折的手術治療

目的分析本院10年來收治155例鎖骨骨折的手術治療情況。方法本院從1993年2月-2002年12月十年期間收治鎖骨骨折363例,其中155例採用手術治療;分析其療效。結果男:女=126:29;年齡9~78歲-19-40歲佔97例。左:右:雙側=63:89:3。其發病原因以直接碰傷爲主(108例)。其中交通傷(49例)爲主要損傷原因。新鮮骨折151例,陳舊骨折祗有4例。粉碎性骨折較多,有114例,單純骨折41例:骨折部位分成内:中:外(三段)爲0:145:9(次)。手術治療以克氏針内固定爲主(153例),其中118例加鋼絲結紮粉碎骨片。改進入釘方向,使保留在皮下的釘尾,留在鎖骨的胸骨端皮下,避免病人在側臥時碰撞留在鎖骨的肩胛骨端釘尾產生不舒服感覺。術後除一例感染外,其餘無感染,153例先後回院複查,均能骨性癒合,拆除内固定材料。未發現有不連接者。結論鎖骨骨折是一種常見的創傷性疾病,其發生的主要原因爲直接碰傷-以交通意外爲主。骨折好發在中1/3段。克氏針加鋼絲結紮粉碎骨片是首選的手術治療方法。

空间选择性缺陷管理制备高性能碳基CsPbI_(3)钙钛矿太阳能电池

Defects formed at the surface,buried interface and grain boundaries(GB)of CsPbI_(3)perovskite films considerably limit photovoltaic performance.Such defects could be passivated effectively by the most prevalent post modification strategy without compromising the photoelectric properties of perovskite films,but it is still a great challenge to make this strategy comprehensive to different defects spatially distributed throughout the films.Herein,a spatially selective defect management(SSDM)strategy is developed to roundly passivate various defects at different locations within the perovskite film by a facile one-step treatment procedure using a piperazine-1,4-diium tetrafluoroborate(PZD(BF_(4))_(2))solution.The small-size PZD^(2+)cations could penetrate into the film interior and even make it all the way to the buried interface of CsPbI_(3)perovskite films,while the BF_(4)^(-)anions,with largely different properties from I^(-)anions,mainly anchor on the film surface.Consequently,virtually all the defects at the surface,buried interface and grain boundaries of CsPbI_(3)perovskite films are effectively healed,leading to significantly improved film quality,enhanced phase stability,optimized energy level alignment and promoted carrier transport.With these films,the fabricated CsPbI_(3)PSCs based on carbon electrode(C-PSCs)achieve an efficiency of18.27%,which is among the highest-reported values for inorganic C-PSCs,and stability of 500 h at 85℃with 65%efficiency maintenance.

Expanding the Cryogenic Electron Microscopy from Biology to Materials Science

Revealing the underlying correlations between microscopic structures and the fundamental physicochemical properties is essential for designing better functional materials.Cryogenic electron microscopy(cryo-EM)techniques have emerged as an essential tool for obtaining high-resolution images of beam-sensitive materials and studying properties at low temperatures for materials science.In this perspective,we compare and present the similarities and differences in cryo-EM workflows for biomolecules and materials,and briefly enumerate several scenarios of cryo-EM applications in materials science.Finally,we point out the current challenges of cryo-EM and potential directions for its future development.This perspective aims to shed light on the application of cryo-EM in materials science and provide useful guidance.

Development of Land Surface Model BCC＿AVIM2.0 and Its Preliminary Performance in LS3MIP/CMIP6

The improvements and validation of several parameterization schemes in the second version of the Beijing Climate Center Atmosphere–Vegetation Interaction Model(BCC_AVIM2.0) are introduced in this study. The main updates include a replacement of the water-only lake module by the common land model lake module(Co LM-lake) with a more realistic snow–ice–water–soil framework, a parameterization scheme for rice paddies added in the vegetation module, renewed parameterizations of snow cover fraction and snow surface albedo to accommodate the varied snow aging effect during different stages of a snow season, a revised parameterization to calculate the threshold temperature to initiate freeze(thaw) of soil water(ice) rather than being fixed at 0°C in BCC_AVIM1.0, a prognostic phenology scheme for vegetation growth instead of empirically prescribed dates for leaf onset/fall, and a renewed scheme to depict solar radiation transfer through the vegetation canopy. The above updates have been implemented in BCC_AVIM2.0 to serve as the land component of the BCC Climate System Model(BCC_CSM). Preliminary results of BCC_AVIM in the ongoing Land Surface, Snow, and Soil Moisture Model Intercomparison Project(LS3 MIP) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6) show that the overall performance of BCC_AVIM2.0 is better than that of BCC_AVIM1.0 in the simulation of surface energy budgets at the seasonal timescale. Comparing the simulations of annual global land average before and after the updates in BCC_AVIM2.0 reveals that the bias of net surface radiation is reduced from-12.0 to-11.7 W m-2 and the root mean square error(RMSE) is reduced from 20.6 to 19.0 W m-2;the bias and RMSE of latent heat flux are reduced from 2.3 to-0.1 W m-2 and from 15.4 to14.3 W m-2, respectively;the bias of sensible heat flux is increased from 2.5 to 5.1 W m-2 but the RMSE is reduced from 18.4 to 17.0 W m-2.

Exploration and functionalization of M1-macrophage extracellular vesicles for effective accumulation in glioblastoma and strong synergistic therapeutic effects

Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)is a highly aggressive brain tumor with an extremely low survival rate.New and effective approaches for treatment are therefore urgently needed.Here,we successfully developed M1-like macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles(M1EVs)that overcome multiple challenges via guidance from two macrophage-related observations in clinical specimens from GBM patients:enrichment of M2 macrophages in GBM;and origination of a majority of infiltrating macrophage from peripheral blood.To maximize the synergistic effect,we further functionalized the membranes of M1EVs with two hydrophobic agents(the chemical excitation source CPPO(C)and the photosensitizer Ce6(C))and loaded the hydrophilic hypoxiaactivated prodrug AQ4N(A)into the inner core of the M1EVs.After intravenous injection,the inherent nature of M1-derived extracellular vesicles CCA-M1EVs allowed for blood-brain barrier penetration,and modulated the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment via M2-to-M1 polarization,which increased hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))levels.Furthermore,the reaction between H_(2)O_(2) and CPPO produced chemical energy,which could be used for Ce6 activation to generate large amounts of reactive oxygen species to achieve chemiexcited photodynamic therapy(CDT).As this reaction consumed oxygen,the aggravation of tumor hypoxia also led to the conversion of non-toxic AQ4N into toxic AQ4 for chemotherapy.Therefore,CCA-M1EVs achieved synergistic immunomodulation,CDT,and hypoxia-activated chemotherapy in GBM to exert a potent therapeutic effect.Finally,we demonstrated the excellent effect of CCA-M1EVs against GBM in cell-derived xenograft and patient-derived xenograft models,underscoring the strong potential of our highly flexible M1EVs system to support multi-modal therapies for difficult-to-treat GBM.

Delivery of 40 Gbit/s W-band signal over 4600 m wireless distance employing advanced digital signal processing

We experimentally built a photonics-aided long-distance large-capacity millimeter-wave wireless transmission system and demonstrated a delivery of 40 Gbit/s W-band 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM)signal over 4600 m wireless distance at 88.5 GHz.Advanced offline digital signal processing algorithms are proposed and employed for signal recovery,which makes the bit-error ratio under 2.4×10^(−2).To the best of our knowledge,this is the first field-trial demonstration of>4 km W-band 16QAM signal transmission,and the result achieves a record-breaking product of wireless transmission capacity and distance,i.e.,184(Gbit/s)·km,for high-speed and long-distance W-band wireless communication.

二甲基亚砜:一种沉积无机CsPbI3钙钛矿的有前景的溶剂

无机CsPbI3钙钛矿具有适宜的带隙和优异的化学稳定性,是一种重要的光伏材料.然而,由于其钙钛矿相的稳定性较低且对溶剂敏感,因此沉积高质量CsPbI3钙钛矿薄膜仍是一个挑战.到目前为止,绝大部分高性能钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSCs)中使用的CsPbI3钙钛矿薄膜都采用有毒性的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺作为主要溶剂,很大程度上限制了该类电池的工业化生产.二甲基亚砜(DMSO)由于对环境友好且具有良好的配位能力,是一种较为理想的溶剂,但目前DMSO作为溶剂沉积的CsPbI3钙钛矿薄膜质量较差,制备的电池性能较低.为此,本文首先揭示了生长过程中DMSO加合物的形成是限制CsPbI3钙钛矿薄膜质量的主要原因.通过引入真空处理过程,将加合物中的DMSO分子去除来诱导生成DMAPbI3(DMA=(CH3)2NH2+)中间体,经退火后,中间体转变为结晶度强、取向性高、缺陷密度低、均匀性好的CsPbI3钙钛矿薄膜.使用该CsPbI3钙钛矿薄膜作为光吸收层后,基于碳电极的无空穴传输层PSCs获得了16.7%的转换效率,是目前该类电池转换效率的新纪录.