A CombustionModel for Explosive Charge Affected by a Bottom Gap in the Launch Environment

Launch safety of explosive charges has become an urgent problem to be solved by all countries in the world aslaunch situation of ammunition becomes consistentlyworse.However, the existing numericalmodels have differentdefects. This paper formulates an efficient computational model of the combustion of an explosive charge affectedby a bottom gap in the launch environment in the context of the material point method. The current temperatureis computed accurately from the heat balance equation, and different physical states of the explosive charges areconsidered through various equations of state. Microcracks in the explosive charges are described with respectto the viscoelastic statistical crackmechanics (Visco–SCRAM) model. Themethod for calculating the temperatureat the bottomof the explosive charge with respect to the bottomgap is described. Based on this combustionmodel,the temperature history of a Composition B (COMB) explosive charge in the presence of a bottom gap is obtainedduring the launch process of a 155-mm artillery. The simulation results show that the bottom gap thickness shouldbe no greater than 0.039 cm to ensure the safety of the COM B explosive charge in the launch environment. Thisconclusion is consistent with previous results and verifies the correctness of the proposed model. Ultimately, thispaper derives amathematical expression for themaximumtemperature of the COMB explosive chargewith respectto the bottomgap thickness (over the range of 0.00–0.039 cm), and establishes a quantitative evaluationmethod forthe launch safety of explosive charges.The research results provide some guidance for the assessment and detectionof explosive charge safety in complex launch environments.

CircTHSD4 promotes the malignancy and docetaxel (DTX) resistance in prostate cancer by regulating miR-203/HMGA2 axis

Objective:Circular ribose nudeic acids(circRNAs)are implicated in tumor progression and drug resistance of prostate cancer(PCa).The current work explored the function of circ_0005203(aircTHSD4)in the malignancy and docetaxel(DTX)resistance of PCa.Methods:circTHSD4 expression within PCa as well as matched non-carcinoma samples was measured through real time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).In addition,a subcellular fraction assay was conducted to determine circTHSD4 subcellular localization within PCa cells.In addition,we performed a Western blot(WB)assay to detect high mobility.group A2 protein(HMGA2)levels.Besides,functional associations of two molecules were investigated through dual luciferase reporter assay.Cell Counting Kit(CCK)-8,colony formation together with Transwell assay was conducted to assess malignant phenotypes of PCa cells,whereas flow cytometry was performed to determine cell apoptosis.Furthermore,a xenograft mouse model was constructed to verify the effect of circTHSD4 on the carcinogenesis of PCa cells.Results:According to RT-qPCR results,circTHSD4 was up-regulated within PCa tissues and cells,which predicted the dismal prognostic outcome of PCa cases.circTHSD4 silencing within PCa cells markedly suppressed cell growth,migration,and colony fomation.circTHSD4 silencing remarkably elevated PCa cell apoptosis and carcinogenesis within the xenograft model.Further,circTHSD4 silencing enhanced docetaxel(DTX)sensitivity in PCa cells.Furthermore,we demonstrated that circTHSD4 modulated the malignancy of PCa cells by regulating HMGA2 expression through sponging miR 203.Conclusion:Together,our findings suggest that cirCTHSD4 overexpression could promote the malignant phenotype and DTX resistance in PCa through the regulation of the miR 203/HMGA2 axis.

Identification and validation of novel prognostic fatty acid metabolic gene signatures in colon adenocarcinoma through systematic approaches

Colorectal cancer(CRC)belongs to the class of significantly malignant tumors found in humans.Recently,dysregulated fatty acid metabolism(FAM)has been a topic of attention due to its modulation in cancer,specifically CRC.However,the regulatory FAM pathways in CRC require comprehensive elucidation.Methods:The clinical and gene expression data of 175 fatty acid metabolic genes(FAMGs)linked with colon adenocarcinoma(COAD)and normal cornerstone genes were gathered through The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)-COAD corroborating with the Molecular Signature Database v7.2(MSigDB).Initially,crucial prognostic genes were selected by uni-and multi-variate Cox proportional regression analyses;then,depending upon these identified signature genes and clinical variables,a nomogram was generated.Lastly,to assess tumor immune characteristics,concomitant evaluation of tumor immune evasion/risk scoring were elucidated.Results:A 8-gene signature,including ACBD4,ACOX1,CD36,CPT2,ELOVL3,ELOVL6,ENO3,and SUCLG2,was generated,and depending upon this,CRC patients were categorized within high-risk(H-R)and low-risk(L-R)cohorts.Furthermore,risk and age-based nomograms indicated moderate discrimination and good calibration.The data confirmed that the 8-gene model efficiently predicted CRC patients’prognosis.Moreover,according to the conjoint analysis of tumor immune evasion and the risk scorings,the H-R cohort had an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment,which caused a substandard prognosis.Conclusion:This investigation established a FAMGs-based prognostic model with substantially high predictive value,providing the possibility for improved individualized treatment for CRC individuals.

All-optical controlled-NOT logic gate achieving directional asymmetric transmission based on metasurface doublet

Optical logic gates play important roles in all-optical logic circuits,which lie at the heart of the next-generation optical computing technology.However,the intrinsic contradiction between compactness and robustness hinders the development in this field.Here,we propose a simple design principle that can possess multiple-input-output states according to the incident circular polarization and direction based on the metasurface doublet,which enables controlled-NOT logic gates in infrared region.Therefore,the directional asymmetric electromagnetic transmission can be achieved.As a proof of concept,a spin-dependent Janus metasurface is designed and experimentally verified that four distinct images corresponding to four input states can be captured in the far-field.In addition,since the design method is derived from geometric optics,it can be easily applied to other spectra.We believe that the proposed metasurface doublet may empower many potential applications in chiral imaging,chiroptical spectroscopy and optical computing.

Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Thin Films with Various Thicknesses by AFM

Ag nanoparticles (NPs) thin films with various thicknesses were prepared by thermal evaporation method. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer were used to study the surface morphology, growth nature and optical properties of the films. The results indicate that the growth rates of Ag particles in lateral and vertical direction are variable, and the dominant growth rate of Ag particles in lateral direction will convert into dominant growth rate in vertical direction as films grow thicker. The mean value and distribution of Ag NPs height related with the location and width of SPR (surface plasmonresonance) peak. Higher mean height shifts SPR peak to longer wavelengths, and smaller deviation results in narrower width of SPR peaks.

Hermetia illucens larvae as a potential dietary protein source altered the microbiota and modulated mucosal immune status in the colon of finishing pigs

Background: Insects, such as Hermetia illucens larvae, are rich in chitin and proteins, and represent a suitable feed ingredient replacement for animals. However, little is known about the effect of administering H. illucens larvae on intestinal microbiota, bacterial metabolite profiles, and mucosal immune status in animals. This study aimed to investigate the effects of administering H. illucens larvae on colonic microbiota and bacterial metabolites production in finishing pigs. Seventy-two crossbred(Duroc × Landrace × Large White) female pigs(initial body weight, 76.0 ± 0.52 kg) were randomly allocated to three different dietary treatments: a control diet(Control group) and two diets corresponding to 4%(H1 group) and 8%(H2 group) H. illucens larvae inclusion levels, respectively. Each treatment consisted of eight pens(replicates), with three pigs per pen. After 46 days of feeding, eight pigs per treatment(n =8) were slaughtered, and the colonic digesta and mucosa were collected for microbial composition and microbial fermentation products, and genes expression analyses.Results: The results showed that the H1 diet significantly increased the abundance of Lactobacillus,Pseudobutyrivibrio, Roseburia, and Faecalibacterium compared with those in the control group(P < 0.05), with a decrease in the abundance of Streptococcus. The numbers of Lactobacillus, Roseburia, and Clostridium cluster XIVa were significantly greater in the H1 group than in the control group(P < 0.05). Meanwhile, H2 diet increased the number of Clostridium cluster XIVa compared with the control group(P < 0.05). For colonic metabolites, total short chain fatty acids, butyrate, and isobutyrate concentrations were significantly higher in the H1 group than those in the control group(P < 0.05);the H1 treatment caused a striking decrease in protein fermentation compared with the control group, as the concentrations of total amines, cadaverine, tryptamine, phenol, p-cresol, and skatole were significantly lower(P < 0.05). Additionally, H2 diet also increased butyrate concentration compared with control group(P < 0.05), while decreased the concentrations of phenol, p-cresol, and skatole(P < 0.05). Pigs in the H1 group down-regulated the expression of TLR-4 and pro-inflammatory cytokines(IFN-γ) compared with pigs in the control group(P < 0.05), and up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokine(IL-10) and intestinal barrier genes(ZO-1, occludin, and mucin-1). H2 diet up-regulated the expression of ZO-1 compared with control group(P < 0.05). Furthermore, the changes in the colonic mucosal gene expression were associated with changes in the bacterial composition and their metabolites.Conclusions: Collectively, dietary inclusion of Hermetia illucens larvae may enhance mucosal immune homeostasis of pigs via altering bacterial composition and their metabolites. These findings provide a new perspective on insect meal as a sustainable protein source rich in nutrient ingredients for swine.

Different dietary starch sources alter the carcass traits, meat quality, and the profile of muscle amino acid and fatty acid in finishing pigs

Background: With increasing health awareness among consumers, the demand for healthier, tastier, higher quality and nutritional value pork is increasing. It has been shown that different dietary starch sources can alter the carcass traits and meat quality. However, research on the effects of different starch sources with clear different amylose/amylopectin ratio on the amino acid and fatty acid composition in Longissimus thoracis(L. thoracis) muscle of pigs is limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different dietary starch sources on carcass traits, meat quality, muscle amino acid and fatty acid composition, and the mRNA expression levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism and muscle fiber characteristics in finishing pigs. A total of 72 Duroc × Landrace × Large White barrows were randomly allocated to 3 different dietary treatment groups with 8 replicate pens/group and 3 pigs per pen.Tapioca starch(TS), corn starch(CS), and pea starch(PS), with amylose/amylopectin ratio of 0.11, 0.25, and 0.44,respectively, were used as their dietary starch sources for 40 days.Results: Results showed that the PS diet significantly increased(P < 0.05) the final body weight, average daily gain,loin-eye area, and fat-free lean index compared with the TS diet, but significantly decreased(P < 0.05) the feed to gain ratio and backfat thickness. Compared with the TS diet, PS diet also increased(P < 0.05) the pH45 min, marbling scores, the content of intramuscular fat and inosine monophosphate in the L. thoracis, and decreased(P < 0.05) the drip loss and shear force. In addition, compared with the TS diet, PS diet increased(P < 0.05) the proportions of flavor amino acids, DHA, EPA, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) in the L. thoracis compared with TS diet,but decreased(P < 0.05) the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA. Furthermore, compared with the TS diet, PS diet also upregulated(P < 0.05) the lipogenic genes(FAS, LPL, SCD, ACCα) and myosin heavy-chain(MyHC)-IIa mRNA expression levels compared with the TS diet, but downregulated(P < 0.05) the CPT1 B and MyHC-IIb mRNA levels.Conclusions: In conclusion, these results provided compelling evidence that the different dietary starch source altered the carcass traits, meat flavor and quality in finishing pigs, and consumption of a diet with higher amylose/amylopectin ratio results in the production of a healthy, higher quality, and nutritional value pork.

Expanded endoscopic therapy criteria should be cautiously used in intramucosal gastric cancer

Objective： Accurate estimation of lymph node metastasis （LNM） in intramucosal gastric cancer is essential to select less invasive treatment options and even avoid surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate combined clinicopathological features to predict the presence of LNM. Methods： A retrospective review of data from 386 intramucosaL gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy from 2003 to 2010 was conducted. The mutual relation between clinicopathological characteristics and LNM was analyzed. Results： LNM was detected in 40 （10.4%） of the 386 patients. Histological typeand vascular or lymphatic invasion presence showed a positive correlation with LNM occurrence by univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed that histological type was the only factor associated with LNM. Combined clinicopathologic characteristics would be more predictable for LNM. We found no LNM when we used combined clinicopathological characteristics conforming to Japanese absolute indications for endoscopic therapy. The LNM rate was as high as 8.7% when Japanese expanded criteria were used. Univariate analysis in cancer conformity to expand endoscopic submucosal dissection （ESD） indication also revealed that the undifferential type was the only significant factor for LNM. Conclusions： It was possible to predict intramucosal gastric cancer cases without LNM using combined clinicopathological characteristic analysis. Extended indication for ESD should be cautiously used for intramucosal gastric cancer patients.

Preparation of poly(lactide-co-glycolide)microspheres and evaluation of pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of BDMC-PLGA-MS in rats

The aim of the present study was to develop a novel long-acting Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)-based microspheres formulation of Bisdemethoxycurcum(BDMC) by emulsionsolvent evaporation method. Meanwhile, the effects of the volume ratio of the dispersed phase and continuous phase, the concentration of PLGA and PVA, the theoretical drug loading and stirring speed were investigated. The mean diameter of the microspheres was 8.5 μm and the size distribution was narrow. The encapsulation efficiency(EE) and drug loading efficiency(DLE) of BDME loaded PLGA microspheres(BDMC-PLGA-MS) was 94.18% and 8.14%,respectively. In an in vitro study of drug release, it can be concluded that the BDMC-PLGAMS exhibited sustained and long-term release properties for 96 h. Stability studies suggested that the microspheres we prepared had a very good stability. Furthermore, the results of an in vivo study indicated that the BDMC-PLGA-MS had sustained release effect and was mainly distributed in the lung tissue, and less distribution in other tissues, which indicated that microspheres could be an effective parenteral carrier for the delivery of BDMC in lung cancer treatment.

Isoflavones’effects on pharmacokinetic profiles of main iridoids from Gardeniae Fructus in rats

Gardeniae Fructus(GF)and Semen Sojae Praeparatum(SSP)are both medicine food homologies and widely used in Chinese clinical prescriptions together.The research investigated the pharmacokinetics of four iridoids in normal rats and isolfavones-fed rats,which were administered with isolfavones from SSP for 7,14,21 and 28 consecutive days.A validated LC-MS/MS method was developed for determining shanzhiside,genipin-1-gentiobioside,geniposide and their metabolite genipin in rat plasma.Plasma samples were pretreated by solid-phase extraction using paeoniflorin as the internal standard.The chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters Atlantis T3(4.6 mm×150 mm,3 mm)column using a gradient mobile phase consisting of acetonitril and water(containing 0.06%acetic acid).The mass detection was under the multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)mode via polarity switching between negative and positive ionization modes.The calibration curves exhibited good linearity(r>0.997)for all components.The lower limit of quantitation was in the range of 1 e10 ng/m L.The intra-day and inter-day precisions(RSD)at three different levels were both less than 12.2%and the accuracies(RE)ranged fromà10.1%to 16.4%.The extraction recovery of them ranged from 53.8%to 99.7%.Pharmacokinetic results indicated the bioavailability of three iridoid glycosides and the metabolite,genipin in normal rats was higher than that in rats exposed to isoflavones.With the longer time of administration of isoflavones,plasma concentrations of iridoids decreased,while genipin sulfate,the phase II metabolite of genposide and genipin-1-gentiobioside,appeared the rising exposure.The pharmacokinetic profiles of main iridoids from GF were altered by isoflavones.

Preparation of 5-fluorouracil-loaded chitosan nanoparticles and study of the sustained release in vitro and in vivo

The sustained-release properties of the biodegradable nano-drug delivery systems were used to improve the residence time of the chemotherapeutic agent in the body. These drug delivery systems were widely used to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs. The 5-fluorouracil loaded chitosan nanoparticles prepared in this paper have the above advantage. Here, we found that when the mass ratio of 5-fluorouracil and chitosan was 1:1, the maximum drug loading of nanoparticles was 20.13 ± 0.007%, the encapsulation efficiency was 44.28 ± 1.69%, the particle size was 283.9 ± 5.25 nm and the zeta potential was 45.3 ± 3.23 mV. The prepared nanoparticles had both burst-release and sustained-release phases in vitro release studies.In addition, the inhibitory effect of the prepared nanoparticles on gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells was similar to that of 5-fluorouracil injection, and the blank vector had no obvious inhibitory effect on SGC-7901 cells. In the pharmacokinetic study of rats in vivo, we found that AUC(0-t), MRT(0-t) and t1/2 z of nanoparticles were significantly increased in vivo compared with 5-fluorouracil solution, indicating that the prepared nanoparticles can play a role in sustained-release.

Development modes analysis of renewable energy power generation in North Africa

North African countries generally have strategic demands for energy transformation and sustainable development.Renewable energy development is important to achieve this goal.Considering three typical types of renewable energies—wind,photovoltaic(PV),and concentrating solar power(CSP)—an optimal planning model is established to minimize construction costs and power curtailment losses.The levelized cost of electricity is used as an index for assessing economic feasibility.In this study,wind and PV,wind/PV/CSP,and transnational interconnection modes are designed for Morocco,Egypt,and Tunisia.The installed capacities of renewable energy power generation are planned through the time sequence production simulation method for each country.The results show that renewable energy combined with power generation,including the CSP mode,can improve reliability of the power supply and reduce the power curtailment rate.The transnational interconnection mode can help realize mutual benefits of renewable energy power,while the apportionment of electricity prices and trading mechanisms are very important and are related to economic feasibility;thus,this mode is important for the future development of renewable energy in North Africa.

Forecasting method of monthly wind power generation based on climate model and long short-term memory neural network

Predicting wind power gen eration over the medium and long term is helpful for dispatchi ng departme nts,as it aids in constructing generation plans and electricity market transactions.This study presents a monthly wind power gen eration forecast!ng method based on a climate model and long short-term memory(LSTM)n eural n etwork.A non linear mappi ng model is established between the meteorological elements and wind power monthly utilization hours.After considering the meteorological data(as predicted for the future)and new installed capacity planning,the monthly wind power gen eration forecast results are output.A case study shows the effectiveness of the prediction method.

Carbon dots derived from Poria cocos polysaccharide as an effective“on-off”fluorescence sensor for chromium(Ⅵ)detection

Chromium is a harmful contaminant showing mutagenicity and carcinogenicity.Therefore,detection of chromium requires the development of low-cost and high-sensitivity sensors.Herein,blue-fluorescent carbon quantum dots were synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method from alkali-soluble Poria cocos polysaccharide,which is green source,cheap and easy to obtain,and has no pharmacological activity due to low water solubility.These carbon quantum dots exhibit good fluorescence stability,water solubility,anti-interference and low cytotoxicity,and can be specifically combined with the detection of Cr(Ⅵ)to form a non-fluorescent complex that causes fluorescence quenching,so they can be used as a label-free nanosensor.High-sensitivity detection of Cr(Ⅵ)was achieved through internal filtering and static quenching effects.The fluorescence quenching degree of carbon dots fluorescent probe showed a good linear relationship with Cr(Ⅵ)concentration in the range of 1-100μM.The linear equation was F;/F=0.9942+0.01472[Cr(Ⅵ)](R;=0.9922),and the detection limit can be as low as 0.25μM(S/N=3),which has been successfully applied to Cr(Ⅵ)detection in actual water samples herein.

Nonparametric TOA estimators for low-resolution IR-UWB digital receiver

Nonparametric time-of-arrival（TOA） estimators for impulse radio ultra-wideband（IR-UWB） signals are proposed. Nonparametric detection is obviously useful in situations where detailed information about the statistics of the noise is unavailable or not accurate. Such TOA estimators are obtained based on conditional statistical tests with only a symmetry distribution assumption on the noise probability density function. The nonparametric estimators are attractive choices for low-resolution IR-UWB digital receivers which can be implemented by fast comparators or high sampling rate low resolution analog-to-digital converters（ADCs）,in place of high sampling rate high resolution ADCs which may not be available in practice. Simulation results demonstrate that nonparametric TOA estimators provide more effective and robust performance than typical energy detection（ED） based estimators.

Domain-Invariant Similarity Activation Map Contrastive Learning for Retrieval-Based Long-Term Visual Localization

Visual localization is a crucial component in the application of mobile robot and autonomous driving.Image retrieval is an efficient and effective technique in image-based localization methods.Due to the drastic variability of environmental conditions,e.g.,illumination changes,retrievalbased visual localization is severely affected and becomes a challenging problem.In this work,a general architecture is first formulated probabilistically to extract domain-invariant features through multi-domain image translation.Then,a novel gradientweighted similarity activation mapping loss(Grad-SAM)is incorporated for finer localization with high accuracy.We also propose a new adaptive triplet loss to boost the contrastive learning of the embedding in a self-supervised manner.The final coarse-to-fine image retrieval pipeline is implemented as the sequential combination of models with and without Grad-SAM loss.Extensive experiments have been conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach on the CMU-Seasons dataset.The strong generalization ability of our approach is verified with the RobotCar dataset using models pre-trained on urban parts of the CMU-Seasons dataset.Our performance is on par with or even outperforms the state-of-the-art image-based localization baselines in medium or high precision,especially under challenging environments with illumination variance,vegetation,and night-time images.Moreover,real-site experiments have been conducted to validate the efficiency and effectiveness of the coarse-to-fine strategy for localization.

An Unstructured Finite Volume Method for Impact Dynamics of a Thin Plate

为结构的动力学的一个未组织的有限体积方法的考试为系统的影响动力学的模拟被估计。柔韧的显示双时间的走方法被利用获得时间精确答案。影响动力学的学习是应该认为力量模型和州的方程描述材料的机械行为的一个复杂问题。当前的方法有几个特征。1 ) 未组织的有限体积方法的分离方程自然地跟随能量守恒定律。2 ) 显示双时间的走方法对影响的分析合适时间的动态问题精确解决方案。3 ) 当大变丑出现了时，方法没生产格子失真。方法被一个有弹性的盘子的影响动力学的问题与起始的条件和材料性质验证。结果验证有限元素数字数据。

Pancreatic cancer–Staging laparoscopy

Objective: Accurate staging of patients with pancreatic cancer is crucial to clarify whether meaningful resection is indeed possible. Staging laparoscopy has been suggested as a tool for staging which may spare up to two-fifth of these patients from undergoing nontherapeutic laparotomy. A controversy exists, however, as to whether the procedure should be used routinely or selectively in these patients with no evidence of metastasis on noninvasive staging. This review aims to evaluate the available literature critically, identify its limitations and address the existing controversies. Methods: The current available English literature was reviewed on this topic. Results: A direct and conclusive comparison of the controversial literature is difficult because of inconsistent use of high-quality CT scans, different study designs and dissimilarity of judgment for non-resectability among patients staged by laparoscopy. However, recent studies reveal that not more than 14% of the patients benefit from diagnostic laparoscopy when a dual-contrast thin cut and 3-D digital reformatting CT scan has been performed previously. Conclusion: We conclude that routine use of diagnostic laparoscopy does not appear warranted in all patients with pancreatic cancer, especially for patients with early-staged pancreatic cancer or non-pancreatic periampullary cancers, because diagnostic laparoscopy is costly and ultrasonography is largely operator-dependent. Rather, selective use is appropriate, especially in patients with a large primary tumor, a tumor in the body or tail of the pancreas, equivocal findings of metastasis on CT, the presence of ascites, severe weight loss, hypoalbuminemia, and a markedly elevated CA 19–9.

中医辨证治疗对中晚期大肠癌术后患者的疗效及预后的影响

目的分析中医辨证治疗对中晚期大肠癌术后患者的疗效及预后的影响。方法随机选取2015年2月-2016年2月于我院接受手术治疗的IIb期-IIIc期大肠癌患者100例,将患者随机分为化疗组与中医组,各50例。化疗组患者采用化疗,中医组患者在化疗的基础上进行辨证给予中医药剂。分析两组患者的1年生存率、复发转移率与T淋巴细胞、癌胚抗原含量的状况。结果中医组患者的1年生存率、癌胚抗原含量与CD4+T淋巴细胞指标比化疗组明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);中医组与化疗组患者的复发转移率之间没有统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论应用中医辨证方法对行手术后的中晚期大肠癌患者的疗效优异,能够显著增加患者的生存率,调节机体的免疫功能。

Simulation of interaction between high-temperature process and heat emission from electricity system in summer

During the hot summer season,using electricity systems increases the local anthropogenic heat emission,further increasing the temperature.Regarding anthropogenic heat sources,electric energy consumption,heat generation,indoor and outdoor heat transfer,and exchange in buildings play a critical role in the change in the urban thermal environment.Therefore,the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)Model was applied in this study to investigate the heat generation from an indoor electricity system and its influence on the outdoor thermal environment.Through the building effect parameterization(BEP)of a multistorey urban canopy scheme,a building energy model(BEM)to increase the influence of indoor air conditioning on the electricity consumption system was proposed.In other words,the BEP+BEM urban canopy parameterization scheme was set.High temperatures and a summer heat wave were simulated as the background weather.The results show that using the BEP+BEM parameterization scheme of indoor and outdoor energy exchange in the WRF model can better simulate the air temperature near the surface layer on a sunny summer.During the day,the turning on the air conditioning and other electrical systems have no obvious effect on the air temperature near the surface layer in the city,whereas at night,the air temperature generally increases by 0.6℃,especially in densely populated areas,with a maximum temperature rise of approximately 1.2℃from 22:00 to 23:00.When the indoor air conditioning target temperature is adjusted to 25-27℃,the total energy release of the air conditioning system is reduced by 12.66%,and the temperature drops the most from 13:00 to 16:00,with an average of approximately 1℃.Further,the denser the building is,the greater the temperature drop.