Protective mechanism of Coprinus comatus polysaccharide on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice,the metabolomics and gut microbiota investigation

Coprinus comatus polysaccharide(CCP)has significant hepatoprotective effect.To explore hepatoprotective mechanism of CCP,the study analyzed preventive effect of CCP on acute alcoholic liver injury in mice by histopathological examination and biochemical analysis.Simultaneously,hepatoprotective mechanism was also analyzed in conjunction with metabolomics and proliferation of gut microbiota.The results showed that CCP significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and triglyceride(TG)levels in serum of alcoholic liver disease(ALD)mice.Histopathological examination showed that CCP can significantly improve liver damage.Metabolomics results showed that there were significant differences in the level of metabolites in liver tissue of control group,ALD group and CCP group,including taurine,xanthosine,fumaric acid and arachidonic acid,among others.Metabolites pathways analysis showed that hepatoprotective effect of CCP was related to energy metabolism,biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids,amino acids metabolism and lipid metabolism.Additionally,CCP inhibited an increase in the number of Clostridium perfringens,Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus,and a decrease in the number of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the gut of ALD mice.All these findings suggested that CCP treatment reversed the phenotype of ethanol-induced liver injury and the associated metabolites pathways.

Corrosion resistance and anti-soiling performance of micro-arc oxidation/graphene oxide/stearic acid superhydrophobic composite coating on magnesium alloys

Magnesium(Mg)alloys,the lightest metal construction material used in industry,play a vital role in future development.However,the poor corrosion resistance of Mg alloys in corrosion environments largely limits their potential wide applications.Therefore,a micro-arc oxidation/graphene oxide/stearic acid(MAO/GO/SA)superhydrophobic composite coating with superior corrosion resistance was fabricated on a Mg alloy AZ91D through micro-arc oxidation(MAO)technology,electrodeposition technique,and self-assembly technology.The composition and microstructure of the coating were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,energy dispersive spectroscopy,and Raman spectroscopy.The effective protection of the MAO/GO/SA composite coating applied to a substrate was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests,and salt spray tests.The results showed that the MAO/GO/SA composite coating with a petal spherical structure had the best superhydrophobicity,and it attained a contact angle of 159.53°±2°.The MAO/GO/SA composite coating exhibited high resistance to corrosion,according to electrochemical and salt spray tests.

Adaptive H_(∞)Filtering Algorithm for Train Positioning Based on Prior Combination Constraints

To solve the problem of data fusion for prior information such as track information and train status in train positioning,an adaptive H∞filtering algorithm with combination constraint is proposed,which fuses prior information with other sensor information in the form of constraints.Firstly,the train precise track constraint method of the train is proposed,and the plane position constraint and train motion state constraints are analysed.A model for combining prior information with constraints is established.Then an adaptive H∞filter with combination constraints is derived based on the adaptive adjustment method of the robustness factor.Finally,the positioning effect of the proposed algorithm is simulated and analysed under the conditions of a straight track and a curved track.The results show that the positioning accuracy of the algorithm with constrained filtering is significantly better than that of the algorithm without constrained filtering and that the algorithm with constrained filtering can achieve better performance when combined with track and condition information,which can significantly reduce the train positioning error.The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified.

Experimental investigation of erosion rate for gas-solid two-phase flow in 304 stainless/L245 carbon steel

Erosion is one of the most concerning issues in pipeline flow assurance for the Oil&Gas pipeline industries,which can easily lead to wall thinning,perforation leakage,and other crucial safety risks to the steady operation of pipelines.In this research,a novel experimental device is designed to investigate the erosion characteristics of 304 stainless and L245 carbon steel in the gas-solid two-phase flow.Regarding the impacts on erosion rate,the typical factors such as gas velocity,impact angle,erosion time,particle material and target material are individually observed and comprehensive analyzed with the assistance of apparent morphology characterized via Scanning Electron Microscope.Experimental results show that the severest erosion occurs when the angle reaches approximate 30°whether eroded by type I or type II particles,which is observed in both two types of steel.Concretely,304 stainless steel and L245 carbon steel appear to be cut at low angles,and impacted at high angles to form erosion pits.In the steady operational state,the erosion rate is insensitive to the short erosion time and free from the influences caused by the“erosion latent period”.Based on the comparison between experimental data and numerical results generated by existing erosion models,a modified model with low tolerance(<3%),high feasibility and strong consistency is proposed to make an accurate prediction of the erosion in terms of two types of steel under various industrial conditions.

Analysis of factors affecting the prognosis of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma

Objectives:The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic factors for transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)for hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Materials and methods:The variables that may affect overall survival(OS),such as age,gender,AFP,Child Pugh classification,body mass index,HBV-DNA,Hbe Ag,tumor number,tumor diameter,BCLC stage,embolization method,ablation therapy,and targeted therapy,were analyzed by single factor and many factor COX regression.In addition,predictive factors of OS were stratified and a Kaplan-Meier survival curve was drawn.Results:Among the 136 patients,the median follow-up time was 14.5 months(range:2–72 months).HCC patients with the tumor diameter<3 cm had the highest survival rate,followed by patients with a tumor diameter of 3–5 cm;the survival rate of patients with the tumor diameter(greater than 5 cm)was the lowest.Among the BCLC stages,stage A patients had the highest survival rate,followed by stage B and stage C patients,which had the lowest survival rate.The survival rate of Child Pugh grade A patients was higher than those with Child Pugh grade B.Compared with patients who did not undergo ablation treatment,the survival rate of patients with combined ablation treatment was relatively high.The survival rate of patients receiving drug-eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization(DEB-TACE)treatment was higher than those receiving conventional transarterial chemoembolization(c TACE)treatment.Additionally,repeated TACE treatment improved the OS rate of patients.These six factors were related to patient prognosis and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions:Tumor diameter,BCLC stage,TACE repetition,and TACE combined with ablation were independent prognostic factors of OS.

A new PAT application: Optimization of processing methods for honeysuckle flower (Lonicerae Japonicae Flos) and wild honeysuckle flower (Lonicerae Flos)

Objective:A novel processing analytical framework of Chinese Material Medica (CMM) includes breeding process analysis,planting process analysis,producing process analysis and manufacture process analysis.In order to study this framework,we used quality control of honeysuckle flower (Lonicerae japonicae Flos) including diploid and tetraploid Lonicera japonica,and wild honeysuckle flower (Lonicerae Flos) including Lonicerae hypoglauca,Lonicerae confusa,Lonicerae fulvotomentosa and Lonicerae macranthoides as an example.Methods:A total of 360 samples were analyzed from three variables including species,growing areas,and optimization of processing methods.For quantitative analysis,chlorogenic acid (CA),isochlorogenic acid A (3,5-DCA),and isochlorogenic acid C (4,5-DCA) were measured with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results:The three organic acids contents are higher in wild honeysuckle flower than honeysuckle flower;L.japonica (tetraploid) is higher than L.japonica (diploid).Modern processing methods (kill-enzyme torrefaction and fixing machine drying) are popular in growing areas and are superior to traditional methods (sun and shade drying).Conclusions:Novel process analysis concepts in processing analytical technology (PAT) enriched the Chinese MateHal Medica contents.

Energy sharing induced by the nonlinear interaction

Strong energy sharing is shown by numerically investigating coupled multi-component Bose–Einstein condensates（BECs） with a harmonic trap to simulate the Fermi–Pasta–Ulam model（FPU）. For two-component BECs, the energy exchanging between each part, from regular, quantum beating to complete energy sharing, is explored by simulating their Husimi distributions, the time evolution of energies and the statistical entropy. Meanwhile, in the three-component case, a more complex energy sharing behavior is reported and a strong energy sharing is found.

General way to define tunneling time

With the development of attosecond science, tunneling time can now be measured experimentally with the attoclock technique. However, there are many different theoretical definitions of tunneling time and no consensus has been achieved.Here, we bridge the relationship between different definitions of tunneling time based on a quantum travel time in onedimensional rectangular barrier tunneling problem. We find that the real quantum travel time t_(Re) is equal to the Bohmian time t_(Bohmian), which is related to the resonance lifetime of a bound state. The total quantum travel time τt can perfectly retrieve the transversal time t_x and the Büttiker–Landauer time τ_(BL) in two opposite limits, regardless of the particle energy.

The Maximum Hamilton Path Problem with Parameterized Triangle Inequality

Given a complete graph with edge-weights satisfying parameterized triangle inequality, we consider the maximum Hamilton path problem and design some approximation algorithms.

ZnO@ZIF-8 core-shell structure nanorods superhydrophobic coating on magnesium alloy with corrosion resistance and self-cleaning

A longstanding quest in material science has been the development of superhydrophobic coating based on a single material, without the requirement of fluorination or silane treatment. In this work, the micro-arc oxidation(MAO) coating as transition layer can effectively enhance the bonding force of the superhydrophobic coating. The semiconductor@metal organic frameworks(MOFs) core-shell structure was synthesized by a simple self-templating method, and obtained ZnO@2-methylimidazole zinc salt(ZIF-8) nanorods array on magnesium(Mg)alloy. ZnO nanorods not only act as the template but also provide Zn^(2+) for ZIF-8. In addition, we proved that the ligand concentration,synthesis time and temperature are the keys to the preparation of ZnO@ZIF-8 nanorods. As we expect, the ZnO@ZIF-8 nanorods array can trap air in the gaps to form an air layer, and the coating exhibits superhydrophobic properties(154.81°). Excitingly, ZnO@ZIF-8 nanorods array shown a superhydrophobic property, without the requirement of fluorination or silane treatment. The results shown that the coating has good chemical stability and self-cleaning performance. Meanwhile, the corrosion resistance has been significantly improved, R_(ct) was increased from 1.044×10^(3) to 1.414×10^(6) Ω/cm^(2) and I_(corr) was reduced from 4.275×10^(-5) to 5.611×10^(-9)A/cm^2. Therefore, the semiconductor@MOFs core-shell structure has broad application prospects in anti-corrosion.

Feasibility of using Vis-NIR spectroscopy and PXRF spectrometry to estimate regional soil cadmium concentration

Conventionally,soil cadmium(Cd)measurements in the laboratory are expensive and timeconsuming,involving complex processes of sample preparation and chemical analysis.This study aimed to identify the feasibility of using sensor data of visible near-infrared reflectance(Vis-NIR)spectroscopy and portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(PXRF)to estimate regional soil Cd concentration in a time-and cost-savingmanner.The sensor data of Vis-NIR and PXRF,and Cd concentrations of 128 surface soils from Yunnan Province,China,were measured.Outer-product analysis(OPA)was used for synthesizing the sensor data and Granger-Ramanathan averaging(GRA)was applied to fuse the model results.Artificial neural network(ANN)models were built using Vis-NIR data,PXRF data,and OPA data,respectively.Results showed that:(1)ANN model based on PXRF data performed better than that based on Vis-NIR data for soil Cd estimation;(2)Fusion methods of both OPA and GRA had higher predictive power(R^(2))=0.89,ratios of performance to interquartile range(RPIQ)=4.14,and lower root mean squared error(RMSE)=0.06,in ANN model based on OPA fusion;R^(2)=0.88,RMSE=0.06,and RPIQ=3.53 in GRA model)than those based on either Vis-NIR data or PXRF data.In conclusion,there exists a great potential for the combination of OPA fusion and ANN to estimate soil Cd concentration rapidly and accurately.

Prostaglandin E2 involvement in the reproduction of small abalone,Haliotis diversicolor

Prostaglandin E2(PGE2)has been reported to be involved in reproduction as one of the most abundant and widely distributed prostaglandins in invertebrates.Regulating gonad development and gamete production in mollusks can greatly assist artificial breeding,which is believed to promote the commercial benefits of various mollusk species.In the present study,the contents of PGE2 in the gonads of abalone at different developmental stages(maturing stage,ripe stage,and spawning stage)and reproduction states(before and after spawning)were measured.A higher PGE2 level was found in the gonads of abalones at the ripe stage than other stages,and the highest PGE2 level was detected in the ovaries of female H.diversicolor in the UV-stimulated group.Then the effects of PGE2 injection on the spawning efficiency were explored,and the gamete emission rates of female and male abalone were significantly increased after PGE2 injection.Through qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization assay,higher expression levels and wide distribution of phospholipase A2(PLA2),cyclooxygenase 2(COX2),prostaglandin E synthases(PGES2),and prostaglandin E2 receptor 4(EP4)in the gonads of H.diversicolor were observed after spawning.It is speculated that PGE2 may promote the reproductive cycle in both male and female H.diversicolor,although the regulation mechanism of PGE2 in female and male abalone might be different.The results will be useful for the application of PGE2 in the abalone aquaculture practices to increase the reproduction efficiency in future.

碳点增强的Ru纳米颗粒复合材料用于碱性条件下高效电解水析氢

氢能源被认为是二十一世纪的新型能源,其有望解决由传统化石燃料的过度使用而带来的环境污染和全球变暖等问题。电解水析氢(HER)因其绿色环保的特点引起了巨大的关注。同时,为进一步提升电催化剂的催化性能和降低其制作成本,碳基金属杂化材料被开发出来并表现出高效的催化活性。其中,碳点(CDs)因其合成方便、生物相容性好、色彩丰富、化学稳定性好和优异的电子传导性能,在传感、生物成像及源转换方面有良好的应用潜力。碳点通常作为载体被广泛应用在碳基金属杂化材料电催化剂的构筑上,目前,普遍认为碳点具有优异的限域作用,能够有效地抑制金属纳米颗粒的生长和团聚,从而制备出分布均匀,尺寸可控的碳基金属杂化材料,然而,从小分子原料到碳点的形成过程却鲜有报道。在本研究中,我们以碳点和合成碳点的小分子原料为前驱体,分别制备了氮掺杂的高结晶性碳点负载的钌纳米颗粒杂化材料(Ru@CDs)和小分子负载的钌纳米颗粒杂化材料(Ru@Molecule),探究了小分子在形成碳点的过程中和Ru之间的相互作用以及对电解水析氢反应(HER)性能的影响。同时,我们制备了金属有机骨架(MOF)、碳纳米管(CNTs)、石墨烯(GO)等不同载体,构建了不同碳基载体负载的Ru纳米颗粒(Ru@M)。其中,以碳点作为载体制备的Ru@CDs杂化材料,Ru纳米颗粒在尺寸和分散性上都是可控的,活性位点有效暴露,表现出优异的HER活性和良好的稳定性,在电流密度为10 mA·cm^(-2)时的过电位仅为22 mV。研究表明,从小分子到碳点的形成需经过一个中间态,而中间态无限域作用,随着煅烧温度的升高,小分子逐渐向碳点转变。碳点与金属离子之间的配位作用形成这种独特的空间限域作用是形成单分散Ru纳米颗粒的关键。因此,碳点是优异的HER催化剂载体。该工作不仅揭露了碳点的独特的空间限域能力对所负载金属的作用及其对电催化活性的影响,同时也为将来碳点基金属电催化剂的开发提供了参考。

Theory of a Kaptiza-Dirac Interferometer with Cold Trapped Atoms

We theoretically analyse a multi-modes atomic interferometer consisting of a sequence of Kapitza-Dirac pulses (KD) applied to cold atoms trapped in a harmonic trap. The pulses spatially split the atomic wave-functions while the harmonic trap coherently recombines all modes by acting as a coherent spatial mirror. The phase shifts accumulated among different KD pulses are estimated by measuring the number of atoms in each output mode or by fitting the density profile. The sensitivity is rigorously calculated by the Fisher information and the Cramér-Rao lower bound. We predict, with typical experimental parameters, a temperature independent sensitivity which, in the case of the measurement of the gravitational constant g can significantly exceed the sensitivity of current atomic interferometers.

sLe^(x) expression in invasive micropapillary breast carcinoma is associated with poor prognosis and can be combined with MUC1/EMA as a supplementary diagnostic indicator

Objective: Mucin 1(MUC1/EMA) and sialyl Lewis X(sLe^(x)) indicate polarity reversal in invasive micropapillary carcinoma(IMPC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of MUC1/EMA and sLe^(x) and to assess their diagnostic and prognostic value in patients with IMPC.Methods: The expression of sLe^(x) and MUC1/EMA in 100 patients with IMPC and a control group of 89 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified(IDC-NOS) were analyzed with IHC. Fresh tumor tissues were collected from patients with IMPC or IDC-NOS for primary culture and immunofluorescence analysis.Results: The rate of nodal metastasis was higher in patients with IMPC than those with IDC-NOS, and IMPC cells tended to express more sLe^(x) and MUC1/EMA in the cytomembranes(the stroma-facing surfaces of the micropapillary clusters) than IDC-NOS cells. In IMPC, high cytomembrane expression of sLe^(x), but not MUC1/EMA, indicated poor prognosis. In addition, among the 100 patients with IMPC, 10 patients had sLe^(x)+/EMA-expression patterns, and 8 patients had sLe^(x)-/EMA+ expression patterns. The primary IMPC cells were suspended, non-adherent tumor cell clusters, whereas the primary IDC cells were adherent tumor cells. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that MUC1/EMA and sLe^(x) were co-expressed on the cytomembranes in IMPC cell clusters and in the cytoplasm in IDC-NOS cells.Conclusions: sLe^(x) can be used as a prognostic indicator and can be combined with MUC1/EMA as a complementary diagnostic indicator to avoid missed IMPC diagnosis.

Construction of molecule-selective mixed matrix membranes with confined mass transfer structure

Extraordinary mass transfer phenomenon is usually found when the small molecules pass through a confined structure, whose effective size is commensurate with the mean free path of the molecules. Small changes in the confined mass transfer structure(including size, morphology and properties) will lead to significant fluctuations of the mass transfer coefficient. The mass transfer of the penetrant molecules in the dense membranes for pervaporation, gas separation and so on, is located in the scope of confined mass transfer. Incorporating nanofillers into polymer matrix to construct mixed matrix membranes(MMMs) is an effective approach to tune the confined mass transfer structure and enhance the performance of the widely used polymeric membranes. This review focuses on the construction and manipulation of the confined structure in the polymeric membranes via incorporating one-dimensional(1D), two-dimensional(2D) and three-dimensional(3D) fillers.The comparison of the MMMs for pervaporation is summarized, and the research prospective of the MMMs is provided.

Machine Learning Based Resource Allocation of Cloud Computing in Auction

Resource allocation in auctions is a challenging problem for cloud computing.However,the resource allocation problem is NP-hard and cannot be solved in polynomial time.The existing studies mainly use approximate algorithms such as PTAS or heuristic algorithms to determine a feasible solution;however,these algorithms have the disadvantages of low computational efficiency or low allocate accuracy.In this paper,we use the classification of machine learning to model and analyze the multi-dimensional cloud resource allocation problem and propose two resource allocation prediction algorithms based on linear and logistic regressions.By learning a small-scale training set,the prediction model can guarantee that the social welfare,allocation accuracy,and resource utilization in the feasible solution are very close to those of the optimal allocation solution.The experimental results show that the proposed scheme has good effect on resource allocation in cloud computing.

Carbon dots-confined CoP-CoO nanoheterostructure with strong interfacial synergy triggered the robust hydrogen evolution from ammonia borane

Ammonia borane(NH_(3)BH_(3),AB) is promising for chemical hydrogen sto rage;however,current systems for rapid hydrogen production are limited by the expensive noble metal catalysts required for AB hydrolysis.Here we report the design and synthesis of a highly efficient and robust non-noble-metal catalyst for the hydrolysis of AB at 298 K(TOF=89.56 molH_(2) min^(-1) molCo^(-1)).Experiments and density functional theory calculations were performed to explore the catalyst’s hybrid nanoparticle heterostructure and its catalytic mechanism.The catalyst comprised nitrogen-doped carbon dots confining CoO and CoP,and exhibited strong interface-induced synergistic catalysis for AB hydrolysis that effectively decreased the energy barriers for the dissociation of both AB and water molecules.The co-doping of N and P introduced numerous defects,and further regulated the reactivity of the carbon layers.The heterogeneous interface design technique presented here provides a new strategy for developing efficient and inexpensive non-noblemetal catalysts that may be applicable in other fields related to energy catalysis.

新辅助化疗对乳腺浸润性微乳头状癌的预后影响及其疗效分析

目的:采用倾向性评分匹配法(propensity score matching,PSM)探讨新辅助化疗(neoadjuvant chemotherapy,NAC)对乳腺浸润性微乳头状癌(invasive micropapillary carcinoma,IMPC)的预后影响及其疗效。方法:回顾性分析2011年1月至2014年3月251例于天津医科大学肿瘤医院诊治的乳腺IMPC患者的临床病理资料,分为NAC组(67例)和非NAC组(184例)。比较NAC组患者行NAC前后的肿瘤大小改变,采用PSM均衡组间混杂因素后比较NAC组和非NAC组患者的预后差异。结果:NAC组患者经NAC后,肿瘤最大径平均值从5.0 cm减小至4.2 cm(P=0.035),但T分期改变差异无统计学意义(P=0.064)。经PSM后共有49对(98例)患者获得匹配,两组基线资料差异均无统计学意义。单因素生存分析显示,患者的5年累积无复发生存(recurrence-free survival,RFS)率,匹配前、后NAC组(77.6%vs.89.2%)与非NAC组(72.1%vs.91.0%)比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。匹配前、后NAC组的5年累积无远处转移生存(distant metastasis-free survival,DMFS)率分别为53.4%、50.0%,显著低于非NAC组69.1%、59.2%(均P<0.05),且匹配后采用Cox比例回归风险模型进行多因素生存分析显示NAC是IMPC患者DMFS的独立预后因素。结论:乳腺IMPC是一种对化疗不敏感的特殊类型肿瘤。NAC后虽然部分IMPC肿瘤有所减小,但未使IMPC患者的RFS获益,甚至增加患者的远处转移风险,因此乳腺IMPC患者应尽早手术切除,而不推荐行NAC。

Hippocampal activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase,protein kinase B,and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in a chronic stress rat model of depression

Recent studies have shown that varied stress stimuli activate c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK）, protein kinase B （Akt）, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38） signal transduction pathway, and also regulate various apoptotic cascades. JNK and p38 promote apoptosis, but Akt protects against apoptosis, in hippocampal neurons. However, changes in the transduction pathway in different regions of brain tissues in a chronic stress rat model of depression remain poorly understood. Results from this study showed that JNK phosphorylation levels were significantly greater in the stress group hippocampus compared with the control group （P 〈 0.05）. No significant difference in JNK phosphorylation levels was detected in the rat cerebral cortex between stress and control groups, and no significant difference in Akt and p38 phosphorylation levels was detected in the rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex between stress and control groups （P 〉 0.05）. These results suggested that the JNK signal pathway is activated by JNK phosphorylation and participates in pathophysiological changes in rat models of depression.