Subjective tinnitus: lesion-induced pathological central homeostasis remodeling

Subjective tinnitus is the most common type of tinnitus, which is the manifestation of pathologicalactivities in the brain. It happens in a substantial portion of the general population and brings significantburden to the society. Severe subjective tinnitus can lead to depression and insomnia and severely affectspatients’ quality of life. However, due to poor understanding of its etiology and pathogenesis, treatmentof subjective tinnitus remains challenging. In recent decades, a growing number of studies have shownthat subjective tinnitus is related to lesion-induced neural plasticity of auditory and non-auditory centralsystems. This article reviews cellular mechanisms of neural plasticity in subjective tinnitus to providefurther understanding of its pathogenesis.

High-dispersive mirror for pulse stretcher in femtosecond fiber laser amplification system

We present a high-dispersive multilayer mirror for pulse stretching in a femtosecond fiber laser amplification system.The designed mirror contains 54 layers with a total physical thickness of 7.3 μm, which can provide a positive group delay dispersion(GDD) of 600 fs2and a high reflectance over 99.9% from 1010 to 1070 nm. The samples were prepared by dual ion beam sputtering. The measured transmittance matches well with the theoretical result. The GDD characteristics of samples were tested by home-made white light interferometer. The measured GDD is higher than the design results,an average GDD of +722 fs2from 1010 nm to 1070 nm. The mirrors were employed in a Yb-doped large-mode-area photonic crystal fiber amplification system. An input pulse compressed by the gratings with autocorrelation function of83 fs is obtained with a stretched FWHM of 1.29 ps after 28 bounces between the dispersive mirrors. The results show that the multilayer dispersive mirror could be an effective and promising technique for pulse stretching in femtosecond amplification systems.

听觉惊跳反射及其在动物模型中的运用

听觉惊跳反射是机体受到惊吓声刺激后产生的一种保护反射,刺激类型与反应之间具有良好的相关性以及刺激与输出反应之间具有短暂的延时性。基于听觉惊跳反射的模型验证方法目前被广泛应用于耳鸣模型动物的验证中,此外听觉惊跳反射行为在高级脑功能研究中的应用同样十分广泛,包括情绪、认知功能和不同类型感觉信息的调控等。本文就听觉惊跳反射的定义、参与的神经通路、影响因素及其在不同动物模型中的应用加以阐述。

Deeply learned broadband encoding stochastic hyperspectral imaging

Many applications requiring both spectral and spatial information at high resolution benefit from spectral imaging.Although different technical methods have been developed and commercially available,computational spectral cameras represent a compact,lightweight,and inexpensive solution.However,the tradeoff between spatial and spectral resolutions,dominated by the limited data volume and environmental noise,limits the potential of these cameras.In this study,we developed a deeply learned broadband encoding stochastic hyperspectral camera.In particular,using advanced artificial intelligenee in filter design and spectrum reconstruction,we achieved 7000-11,000 times faster signal processing and〜10 times improvement regarding noise toleranee.These improvements enabled us to precisely and dynamically reconstruct the spectra of the entire field of view,previously unreachable with compact computational spectral cameras.

High-temperature infrared camouflage with efficient thermal management

High-temperature infrared(IR)camouflage is crucial to the effective concealment of high-temperature objects but remains a challenging issue,as the thermal radiation of an object is proportional to the fourth power of temperature(T4).Here,we experimentally demonstrate high-temperature IR camouflage with efficient thermal management.By combining a silica aerogel for thermal insulation and a Ge/ZnS multilayer wavelength-selective emitter for simultaneous radiative cooling(high emittance in the 5-8μm non-atmospheric window)and IR camouflage(low emittance in the 8-14μm atmospheric window),the surface temperature of an object is reduced from 873 to 410 K.The IR camouflage is demonstrated by indoor/outdoor(with/without earthshine)radiation temperatures of 310/248 K for an object at 873/623 K and a 78% reduction in with-earthshine lock-on range.This scheme may introduce opportunities for high-temperature thermal management and infrared signal processing.

Color-preserving passive radiative cooling for an actively temperature-regulated enclosure

Active temperature control devices are widely used for the thermal management of enclosures,including vehicles and buildings.Passive radiative cooling has been extensively studied;however,its integration with existing actively temperature regulated and decorative enclosures has slipped out of the research at status quo.Here,we present a photonic-engineered dual-side thermal management strategy for reducing the active power consumption of the existing temperature-regulated enclosure without sacrificing its aesthetics.By coating the exterior and interior of the enclosure roof with two visible-transparent films with distinctive wavelength-selectivity,simultaneous control over the energy exchange among the enclosure with the hot sun,the cold outer space,the atmosphere,and the active cooler can be implemented.A power-saving of up to 63%for active coolers of the enclosure is experimentally demonstrated by measuring the heat flux compared to the ordinary enclosure when the set temperature is around 26℃.This photonic-engineered dual-side thermal management strategy offers facile integration with the existing enclosures and represents a new paradigm toward carbon neutrality.

Decorative near-infrared transmission filters featuring high-efficiency and angular-insensitivity employing ID photonic crystals

We present a new scheme for visibly-opaque but near-infrared-transmitting filters involving 7 layers based on one-dimensional ternary photonic crystals, with capabilities in reaching nearly 100% transmission efficiency in the near-infrared region. Different decorative reflection colors can be created by adding additional three layers while maintaining the near-infrared transmission performance. In addition, our proposed structural colors show great angular insensitivity up to ±60° for both transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations, which are highly desired in various fields. The facile strategy described here involves a simple deposit!on method for the fabrication, thereby having great potential in diverse applications such as image sensors, anti-counterfeit tag, and optical measurement systems.

APPLICATION OF MFCAV RIEMANN SOLVER TO MAIRE＇S CELL-CENTERED LAGRANGIAN METHOD

In this paper, we apply arbitrary Riemann solvers, which may not satisfy the Maire＇s requirement, to the Maire＇s node-based Lagrangian scheme developed in [P. H. Maire et al., SIAM J. Sci. Comput, 29 （2007）, 1781-1824]. In particular, we apply the so-called Multi-Fluid Channel on Averaged Volume （MFCAV） Riemann solver and a Riemann solver that adaptively combines the MFCAV solver with other more dissipative Riemann solvers to the Maire＇s scheme. It is noted that neither of the two solvers satisfies the Maire＇s requirement. Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate that the application of the two Riemann solvers is successful.

Solution-processed halide perovskite microcavity exciton-polariton light-emitting diodes working at room temperature

Exciton-polaritons offer the potential to achieve electrically pumped perovskite polariton lasers with much lower current thresholds than conventional photonic lasers. While optically pumped exciton-polaritons have been widely studied in halide perovskites, electrically-pumped polaritons remain limited. In this study, we demonstrate the use of a solution-processing strategy to develop halide perovskite polariton light-emitting diodes(LEDs) that operate at room temperature. The strong coupling of excitons and cavity photons is confirmed through the dispersion relation from angle-resolved reflectivity, with a Rabi splitting energy of 64 meV. Our devices exhibit angle-resolved electroluminescence following the low polariton branch and achieve external quantum efficiencies of 1.7%, 3.85%, and 3.7% for detunings of 1.1,-77, and-128 meV, respectively. We also explore devices with higher efficiency of 5.37% and a narrower spectral bandwidth of 6.5 nm through the optimization of a top emitting electrode. Our work demonstrates, to our knowledge, the first room-temperature perovskite polariton LED with a typical vertical geometry and represents a significant step towards realizing electrically pumped perovskite polariton lasers.

Nonlinearity optimization of dissipative-soliton fiber laser for generation of pulses with 350 kW peak power

We demonstrate a nonlinearity optimization method by altering distribution of passive fibers in a dissipative-soliton mode-locked fiber laser to level up output parameters. In the numerical simulation, we found that the passive fiber segment after gain fiber characterizes the highest average B-integral among fiber segments. By reducing the length of this fiber section and keeping the total passive fiber length as constant, the output pulse energy can be effectively scaled up while maintaining a short dechirped pulse duration, resulting in boosting peak power. With this method, 37-n J pulses are generated from a dissipative-soliton mode-locked cladding pumped ytterbium-doped single-mode fiber laser in the experiment. The pulse can be dechirped to 66 fs with 350 k W peak power. Moreover, the pulse pedestal is suppressed by a vector-dispersion compressor.

Thin film-based colorful radiative cooler using diffuse reflection for color display

Colorful radiative coolers(CRCs)can be widely applied for energy sustainability especially and meet aesthetic purposes simultaneously.Here,we propose a high-efficiency CRC based on thin film stacks and engineered diffuse reflection unit,which brings out 7.1°C temperature difference compared with ambient under~700 W·m^(−2) solar irradiation.Different from analogous schemes,the proposed CRCs produce vivid colors by diffuse reflection and rest of the incident light is specular-reflected without being absorbed.Adopting the structure of TiO_(2)/SiO_(2) multilayer stack,the nanophotonic radiative cooler shows extra low absorption across the solar radiation waveband.Significant radiative cooling performance can be achieved with the emissivity reaching 95.6%in the atmosphere transparent window(8-13μm).Moreover,such CRC can be fabricated on flexible substrates,facilitating various applications such as the thermal management of cars or wearables.In conclusion,this work demonstrates a new approach for color display with negligible solar radiation absorption and paves the way for prominent radiative cooling.

Proteomic analysis of acute radiation-induced rectal injury in rats

Objective:To comprehensively elucidate overall protein alterations associated with acute radiation-induced rectal injury in rats.Methods:A rat model of acute radiation-induced rectal injury was established by irradiating rectal segments with a single dose of 17.5 Gy X-rays.These segments were then collected at 7 d and 10 d post-irradiation.Tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomic analysis was then performed.Results:65,526 peptides were identified,corresponding to 8,088 proteins.Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed characteristic epithelial cell degeneration and necrosis,intestinal gland atrophy and dilatation,and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration.Inflammation was more pronounced in the 10 d irradiation group than in the 7 d irradiation group.Overall,127 up-and 108 downregulated proteins were identified at 7 d post-irradiation,and 122 up-and 44 downregulated proteins were identified at 10 d post-irradiation.Notably,17 up-and 6 downregulated proteins were consistently co-expressed at both time points.The expression of three of these proteins was validated via real-time quantitative PCR:polypeptide YY(Pyy),thymidylate synthase(Tyms),and tetraspanin(CD9).Tyms transcript levels were significantly higher in irradiated rectal tissues(P<0.05).Pyy transcript levels were significantly higher at both time points(P<0.05).Finally,CD9 mRNA expression was significantly lower in both the 7 d and 10 d irradiation groups(P<0.05).Conclusions:The potential targets were found to prevent and treat acute radiation-induced rectal injury in clinical practice.