Paclobutrazol is a plant growth regulator and inhibitor of endogenous gibberellin synthesis.It is a powerful inhibitor of vegetative growth by changing the photosynthetic rate and plant hormone levels,thereby affectin...Paclobutrazol is a plant growth regulator and inhibitor of endogenous gibberellin synthesis.It is a powerful inhibitor of vegetative growth by changing the photosynthetic rate and plant hormone levels,thereby affecting plant growth and development.In this study,the effects of paclobutrazol on the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum were investigated.Results show that 2.5-mg/L and 10-mg/L paclobutrazol significantly inhibited the algal growth by inhibiting chlorophyll synthesis,which affects photosynthesis.The antioxidant system,including catalase(CAT)and glutathione peroxidase(GPx)was severely damaged.Chrysolaminarin content was significantly elevated and doubled up to 127 mg/g dry cell weight(DCW)by 10-mg/L paclobutrazol treatment.In combination with transcriptomic analysis,paclobutrazol was demonstrated to play a regulatory role in the accumulation of chrysolaminarin and neutral lipids.展开更多
In this paper,we propose a contact-free wheat moisture monitoring system,termed Wi-Wheatþ,to address the several limitations of the existing grain moisture detection technologies,such as time-consuming process,ex...In this paper,we propose a contact-free wheat moisture monitoring system,termed Wi-Wheatþ,to address the several limitations of the existing grain moisture detection technologies,such as time-consuming process,expensive equipment,low accuracy,and difficulty in real-time monitoring.The proposed system is based on Commodity WiFi and is easy to deploy.Leveraging WiFi CSI data,this paper proposes a feature extraction method based on multi-scale and multi-channel entropy.The feasibility and stability of the system are validated through experiments in both Line-Of-Sight(LOS)and Non-Line-Of-Sight(NLOS)scenarios,where ten types of wheat moisture content are tested using multi-class Support Vector Machine(SVM).Compared with the Wi-Wheat system proposed in our prior work,Wi-Wheatþhas higher efficiency,requiring only a simple training process,and can sense more wheat moisture content levels.展开更多
Oral immunosuppression caused by smoking creates a microenvironment to promote the occurrence and development of oral mucosa precancerous lesions.This study aimed to investigate the role of metabolism and macrophage p...Oral immunosuppression caused by smoking creates a microenvironment to promote the occurrence and development of oral mucosa precancerous lesions.This study aimed to investigate the role of metabolism and macrophage polarization in cigarette-promoting oral leukoplakia.The effects of cigarette smoke extract(CSE)on macrophage polarization and metabolism were studied in vivo and in vitro.The polarity of macrophages was detected by flow cytometric analysis and q PCR.Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)was used to perform a metabolomic analysis of Raw cells stimulated with CSE.Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to detect the polarity of macrophages in the condition of glutamine abundance and deficiency.Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8),wound-healing assay,and Annexin V-FITC(fluorescein isothiocyanate)/PI(propidium iodide)double-staining flow cytometry were applied to detect the growth and transferability and apoptosis of Leuk-1 cells in the supernatant of Raw cells which were stimulated with CSE,glutamine abundance and deficiency.Hyperkeratosis and dysplasia of the epithelium were evident in smoking mice.M2 macrophages increased under CSE stimulation in vivo and in vitro.In total,162 types of metabolites were detected in the CSE group.The metabolites of nicotine,glutamate,arachidic acid,and arginine changed significantly.The significant enrichment pathways were also selected,including nicotine addiction,glutamine and glutamate metabolism,and arginine biosynthesis.The results also showed that the supernatant of Raw cells stimulated by CSE could induce excessive proliferation of Leuk-1 and inhibit apoptosis.Glutamine abundance can facilitate this process.Cigarette smoke promotes oral leukoplakia via regulating glutamine metabolism and macrophage M2 polarization.展开更多
This paper studies the binder droplet injection process in the 3DP technique.The mathematical model of the binder penetration process for multi-nozzle and multi-layer in 3DP technique is established,by using the conse...This paper studies the binder droplet injection process in the 3DP technique.The mathematical model of the binder penetration process for multi-nozzle and multi-layer in 3DP technique is established,by using the conservation Level set method.According to the two-dimensional plane model of three-dimensional spatial structure of sand bed,the construction method of an equivalent cylindrical mapping infiltration model is proposed to represent the porosity of the model in the two-dimensional plane,which is exactly the same as that in the three-dimensional space,as well as closer to the arrangement of the three-dimensional space,and to realize the differentiation between the pores and the throats.The method of spraying droplets alternately by multiple nozzles simulates the staggered arrangement of multiple array-type nozzles and prints the current layer completely at one time.The numerical simulation of multi-layer penetration process is realized by using the method of continuous multi-simulation.The simulation model of the binder penetration process by using multi-nozzle and multi-layer is established to simulate the whole process of the binder from the nozzle to impacting on the sand bed and then to penetrating into the sand bed,which reflects the complete penetration process and predicts the sand agglomeration.展开更多
The dinoflagellates Alexandrium pacificum and Prorocentrum donghaiense are two well-known harmful algal blooms(HABs)-forming species,both were usually found in the same sea areas in form of HABs in China.To date,there...The dinoflagellates Alexandrium pacificum and Prorocentrum donghaiense are two well-known harmful algal blooms(HABs)-forming species,both were usually found in the same sea areas in form of HABs in China.To date,there is no mechanistic model that can fully explain the occurrence of P.donghaiense blooms with A.pacificum.We found that different strains of P.donghaiense had different intrinsic growth rates of 0.107-0.215/d,and these strains exhibited different responses to the allelopathic action from A.pacificum.Some strains of P.donghaiense could grow well despite some degrees of inhibition in a short period,suggesting the two algal species P.donghaiense and A.pacificum could coexist,even if A.pacificum was allelopathic.Our findings may advance the understanding of phenotypes in P.donghaiense and provide a potential mechanism involved in the coexistence of P.donghaiense and A.pacificum in the same area.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the expression of novel multidrug resistance transporter (BCRP gene) from human MCF-7/AdrVp breast cancer cells in normal lung tissue and non-small lung cancer tissue. Methods: RNA was extrac...Objective: To investigate the expression of novel multidrug resistance transporter (BCRP gene) from human MCF-7/AdrVp breast cancer cells in normal lung tissue and non-small lung cancer tissue. Methods: RNA was extracted immediately from fresh normal lung tissue and viable tumor tissue harvested from surgically resected specimens of non-small cell lung cancer patients. cDNA of BCRP gene was prepared by RT-PCR and was then amplified by PCR. cDNA products from those specimens were transferred to blotting membrane through electrophoresis and transferring technique and southern blot hybridization was eventually performed to detect the expression of BCRP gene. Results: RNA were extracted from 8 tumor tissue alone and 12 pairs of tumor tissue and normal lung tissue harvested from the same lung. Four patients’ RNA samples with poor quality due to degrading were discarded. cDNA products of BCRP gene were obtained by RT-PCR and were then amplified by PCR in the remain 16 patients’ RNA samples. Through southern blot hybridization, BCRP gene was found to be slightly expressed in various amounts in all normal lung tissue (10/10) and only in a half of tumor tissue samples (8/16). Conclusion: BCRP gene is slightly expressed in different amount in all normal lung tissue and only in a half of tumor tissue of non-small cell lung cancer patients. It is possible to induce it’s overexpression and to develop multidrug resistance during chemotherapy if using anthracycline anticancer drugs.展开更多
Various inorganic nanoparticles are being considered for applications in life science as fluorescent labels and for such therapeutic applications as drug delivery or targeted cell destruction. It is of importance to u...Various inorganic nanoparticles are being considered for applications in life science as fluorescent labels and for such therapeutic applications as drug delivery or targeted cell destruction. It is of importance to understand their intercellular transport behaviors and mechanisms. Here, the intercellular transport of internalized CdTe quantum dot (QD) aggregates through tunneling-nanotubes (TNTs) between human hepatocellular carcinoma cells was studied by time-resolved confocal fluorescence microscopy. TNTs are known to connect eukaryotic cells to provide important pathways for intercellular communications. The formation, shrinkage, elongation and rupture of TNTs were clearly observed by microscopy. We found TNTs contained only F-actin or both microtubules and F-actin. Two transport modes for QD aggregates through the TNTs were observed: the microtubule-based bidirectional motion and the ac-tin-dependent unidirectional motion. The mean square displacement analyses revealed that the intercellular transportations of QDs along TNTs were mediated by active processes. The bidirectional intercellular transport of QDs within lysosomes through the TNT was also observed.展开更多
In order to effectively make biological image classification and identification, this paper studies the biological owned characteristics, gives an encryption algorithm, and presents a biological classification algorit...In order to effectively make biological image classification and identification, this paper studies the biological owned characteristics, gives an encryption algorithm, and presents a biological classification algorithm based on the encryption process. Through studying the composition characteristics of palm, this paper uses the biological classification algorithm to carry out the classification or recognition of palm, improves the accuracy and efficiency of the existing biological classification and recognition approaches, and compares it with existing main approaches of palm classification by experiments. Experimental results show that this classification approach has the better classification effect, the faster computing speed and the higher classification rate which is improved averagely by 1.46% than those of the main classification approaches.展开更多
In this paper, a manifestation of the well-known color confinement from the QCD (quantum chromodynamics) in the newly developed YY model for the atomic nucleus is presented. There is a wonderful correspondence between...In this paper, a manifestation of the well-known color confinement from the QCD (quantum chromodynamics) in the newly developed YY model for the atomic nucleus is presented. There is a wonderful correspondence between the structural requirements from the YY model and some elementary properties of the color dynamics from QCD. The open questions in the YY model, namely the holding forces for triple nodes and for pairing space links, are exactly covered by the three-color compensation or by the paired color anti-color balance. We will see what colors and anti-colors do mean in the YY model, how up quarks and down quarks get assigned a color or anti-color. We will discover some relationships between gluon-based interactions as described in the standard model and pairing space links in the YY model.展开更多
The present investigation is motivated by finding and developing an easily understandable solution in the context of unified quantum and gravitational theories. Model-based methods are applied, with emphasis on struct...The present investigation is motivated by finding and developing an easily understandable solution in the context of unified quantum and gravitational theories. Model-based methods are applied, with emphasis on structural descriptions by introducing some strong hypotheses. A subset of the introduced hypotheses led to a surprising understanding of the internal structure and construction of quarks, neutrons, protons and more complex atomic nuclei. The research work therefore focused mainly on the model-based interpretation of subatomic processes. The results obtained so far and presented in this paper are new. They consist of a generic description model for the structure of atomic nuclei. This model contains two important structural links that originate from the initial phase of the cosmological big bang. They hold atomic parts together and are involved in many known nuclear fusion and fission processes. Modifications of them, including the electron-positron annihilation process, are necessary and will be described. A new interpretation of the strong forces from the Standard Model is possible and will be given. In addition, the formation processes for electron and positron particles are considered. Based on the structural relationships, a deeper understanding of matter transformations (transmutations), early cosmological processes and dark matter has been achieved. All challenges of this work are the logical conclusions from the used hypotheses on two structural links. They need to be further investigated and verified by theoretical and experimental works. The postulated particle in this paper, as accompanying product in the electron-positron annihilation, will play a major role for the future investigations.展开更多
O. A. Teplov developed an approach to describe the meson quark model by establishing a mathematical quark series (harmonic quark series). With respect to the physical mesons, he made some basic hypotheses of his own a...O. A. Teplov developed an approach to describe the meson quark model by establishing a mathematical quark series (harmonic quark series). With respect to the physical mesons, he made some basic hypotheses of his own and used the well-known theory of harmonic oscillation to construct a numerical mass series that obeys a rigid multiplicative pattern and allows the physical meson masses to be calculated accurately. We have found that his numerical quark series, i.e., their masses, has a fundamental relation to the reduced Max Planck constant ħand report on it in the present paper. This discovery is obviously a theoretical contribution to the correctness of Teplov’s harmonic quark model approach and at the same time a confirmation of the importance of this simple and powerful research work.展开更多
The newly developed YY model contains a set of constitutive rules to describe the structures of atomic nuclei and subatomic particles, by using two elementary sub-quark particles, the Yin and Yang fermions of charge 1...The newly developed YY model contains a set of constitutive rules to describe the structures of atomic nuclei and subatomic particles, by using two elementary sub-quark particles, the Yin and Yang fermions of charge 1/3 forming all the particles of the Standard Model. This model suggests a modular structure of the universe, in which two elementary constituents recursively form all the matter. The advantage of this hypothesis is that it provides a total symmetry and a noticeably clear conceptual understanding. Moreover, it justifies the cosmological formation of a limited number of atoms, e.g., H and Li with their isotopes, considering that matter can be produced as a free agglomerate of semi-stable neutrons, which would lead to the feeding of baryonic matter in the universe. In this current article, some further theoretical aspects are proposed as an evolution of the YY model. They cover correlation paths between interacting quarks, the considerations of color forces between yin-yang elementary elements. Moreover, an agreement of the YY model with the Teplov approach based on harmonic quarks and oscillators is established, and the mass of Yin and Yang is considered. Two example nuclei are used for the analysis: a radioactively stable deuteron (containing a neutron and a proton) and a possible semi-stable dineutron (roughly “consisting of two neutrons”), which is purely theoretical, represent a very natural and legal nuclear state within YY model. Based on the results obtained here, some indications are given for a possible simple experimental verification providing proof for the stability or instability of the dineutron.展开更多
A facile and efficient ball-milling assisted sol-gel synthesis route was developed to prepare triclinic e-LiVOPO_(4)(LVOP)material with lanthanum(La)and cerium(Ce)modification individually as well as simultaneously.An...A facile and efficient ball-milling assisted sol-gel synthesis route was developed to prepare triclinic e-LiVOPO_(4)(LVOP)material with lanthanum(La)and cerium(Ce)modification individually as well as simultaneously.An LVOP/LaPO_(4)/CePO_(4)composite cathode material was successfully synthesized and results show that La and Ce co-modification noticeably improves the electrochemical performance by enhancing the high voltage capacity upon cycling,which indicates contributions from the good ionic conductors LaPO_(4)and CePO_(4).The simultaneous La and Ce modification improves the high voltage performance significantly with an increase of 50%in high voltage capacity after 20 cycles compared to pure LVOP.It also shows stabilized cycling perfo rmance with 91%capacity rete ntion after 50 cycles at 0.1 C rate,along with high-rate capability with a capacity of 83.1 mAh/g compared to the pristine sample showing the capacity of 51.6 mAh/g at a high rate of 5C.This can be attributed to the good conductivity of LaPO_(4)and CePO_(4).In addition,the LVOP/LaPO_(4)/CePO_(4)composite and the pristine LVOP give a charge transfer resistance of-105 and-212Ω,respectively,showing much lower impedance due to a combination of La and Ce addition.展开更多
In this study, the influences of accumulated mileage(deterioration) and technological changes(emission standards) on emission factors(EFs) of regulated pollutants(CO, HC, and NO_x) from gasoline passenger vehicles wer...In this study, the influences of accumulated mileage(deterioration) and technological changes(emission standards) on emission factors(EFs) of regulated pollutants(CO, HC, and NO_x) from gasoline passenger vehicles were investigated based on Inspection and Maintenance(I/M) data using the chassis dynamometer method. The accumulated mileage of passenger vehicles was significantly linearly correlated with vehicle age. For most cases,the average EFs of CO, HC and NO_x were significantly linearly correlated with accumulated mileage, indicating that emission deterioration had a significant impact on pollutant EFs.Implemented emission standards markedly influenced the EFs of regulated pollutants, and EFs markedly decreased with progressing emission standards. The present study also compared EFs of regulated pollutants between this study and the International vehicle emission(IVE) model, and marked differences in EFs were seen with variations in emission standards, vehicle types and accumulated mileage; NO_x EFs in this study were higher than in the IVE model. The results provide new insight into estimating regulated pollutant emissions using the IVE model.展开更多
This paper describes experimental research into the initiation and propagation of rotating detonation for liquid Nitrogen TetrOxide(NTO) and liquid MonoMethylHydrazine(MMH).An annular rocket-type combustor without noz...This paper describes experimental research into the initiation and propagation of rotating detonation for liquid Nitrogen TetrOxide(NTO) and liquid MonoMethylHydrazine(MMH).An annular rocket-type combustor without nozzle was designed to investigate detonation combustion. The propellants were injected through unlike impingement injectors. The combustion flame fronts and pressure waves were detected using optical diagnostics and dynamic pressure sensors,respectively. The propagation of rotating detonation was established spontaneously by increasing the mass flow rate of propellants. The velocity of propagation of the flame fronts and pressure waves was nearly equal and reaches supersonic speed. Two different detonation combustion patterns are present, single wave mode and double waves mode. And in double waves mode, the two detonation waves are always counter-rotating. The possibility of rotating detonation initiation in a combustor with nozzle was also checked. Stable rotating detonation can be initialized and sustained at similar operating conditions.展开更多
Aims Savannahs depend on fire for their persistence.Fire influences regeneration from seeds in several ways:it converts the environment into a more open space which can benefit the establishment of seedlings,and fire ...Aims Savannahs depend on fire for their persistence.Fire influences regeneration from seeds in several ways:it converts the environment into a more open space which can benefit the establishment of seedlings,and fire itself can also enhance germination by chemical and physical cues,such as smoke and heat.There is limited information as to how seed of Asian savannah species respond to fire,even though Asia has several dry vegetation types that are associated with fire.Our main question was whether fire enhances or triggers the germination of woody species occurring in southwest Chinese dry valleys,which have savannah vegetation.Methods We conducted tests with heat(80°C)and smoke solution treatments,and tests with real fire by burning grass on top of sand trays containing seeds.We tested 35 species,including savannah species,and gully and forest species.Depending on seed availability,not all species were tested for all treatments.Twenty-six species had total germination>4%and these were used for analysis.Important Findings Heat increased germination of three species(strongest reaction:Dodonaea viscosa),smoke increased germination of five species(strongest reaction:Calotropis gigantea).Both treatments decreased germination for five and seven species,respectively.Real fire was detrimental for most species,except for D.viscosa,which is known to respond positively to heat shock.Even though fire-related cues were not a trigger for germination for most species in our study,fire could still be crucial for regeneration by competition release.展开更多
The Mixed No-Idle Flow-shop Scheduling Problem(MNIFSP)is an extension of flow-shop scheduling,which has practical significance and application prospects in production scheduling.To improve the efficacy of solving the ...The Mixed No-Idle Flow-shop Scheduling Problem(MNIFSP)is an extension of flow-shop scheduling,which has practical significance and application prospects in production scheduling.To improve the efficacy of solving the complicated multiobjective MNIFSP,a MultiDirection Update(MDU)based Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization(MDU-MoPSO)is proposed in this study.For the biobjective optimization problem of the MNIFSP with minimization of makespan and total processing time,the MDU strategy divides particles into three subgroups according to a hybrid selection mechanism.Each subgroup prefers one convergence direction.Two subgroups are individually close to the two edge areas of the Pareto Front(PF)and serve two objectives,whereas the other one approaches the central area of the PF,preferring the two objectives at the same time.The MDU-MoPSO adopts a job sequence representation method and an exchange sequence-based particle update operation,which can better reflect the characteristics of sequence differences among particles.The MDU-MoPSO updates the particle in multiple directions and interacts in each direction,which speeds up the convergence while maintaining a good distribution performance.The experimental results and comparison of six classical evolutionary algorithms for various benchmark problems demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
Vibrations impose negative impacts on the effectiveness and public acceptance of helicopters.Active rotors with trailing-edge flaps have been proved to be an effective way to actively eliminate helicopter vibrations.F...Vibrations impose negative impacts on the effectiveness and public acceptance of helicopters.Active rotors with trailing-edge flaps have been proved to be an effective way to actively eliminate helicopter vibrations.For the existing control algorithm based on offline system identification,the transfer functions of an active rotor under different flight conditions are pre-requisites to implement closed-loop vibration control.In this study,a three-bladed active rotor with improved trailing-edge flaps is designed,and wind-tunnel tests are conducted to identify the transfer functions of this active rotor using frequency sweep and phase sweep methods.The experimental results demonstrate that these transfer functions are insensitive to the variation of flight speeds:the amplitude of the transfer function varies slightly,while the phase delay almost remains unchanged.In addition,this finding is validated through closed-loop vibration control tests with the active rotor.The transfer function obtained from the hover test results is also applicable to closed-loop vibration control tests under the forward flight conditions.This will dramatically simplify the implementation and operation of an active rotor.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.31870027,42006125)the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (No.2019B1515120062)。
文摘Paclobutrazol is a plant growth regulator and inhibitor of endogenous gibberellin synthesis.It is a powerful inhibitor of vegetative growth by changing the photosynthetic rate and plant hormone levels,thereby affecting plant growth and development.In this study,the effects of paclobutrazol on the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum were investigated.Results show that 2.5-mg/L and 10-mg/L paclobutrazol significantly inhibited the algal growth by inhibiting chlorophyll synthesis,which affects photosynthesis.The antioxidant system,including catalase(CAT)and glutathione peroxidase(GPx)was severely damaged.Chrysolaminarin content was significantly elevated and doubled up to 127 mg/g dry cell weight(DCW)by 10-mg/L paclobutrazol treatment.In combination with transcriptomic analysis,paclobutrazol was demonstrated to play a regulatory role in the accumulation of chrysolaminarin and neutral lipids.
基金supported in part by the Program for Science&Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province(19HASTIT027)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62172141)+4 种基金Zhengzhou Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project(2019CXZX0086)Youth Innovative Talents Cultivation Fund Project of Kaifeng University in 2020(KDQN-2020-GK002)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0401001)the NSFC(61741107),the NSF(CNS-2105416)by the Wireless Engineering Research and Education Center at Auburn University.
文摘In this paper,we propose a contact-free wheat moisture monitoring system,termed Wi-Wheatþ,to address the several limitations of the existing grain moisture detection technologies,such as time-consuming process,expensive equipment,low accuracy,and difficulty in real-time monitoring.The proposed system is based on Commodity WiFi and is easy to deploy.Leveraging WiFi CSI data,this paper proposes a feature extraction method based on multi-scale and multi-channel entropy.The feasibility and stability of the system are validated through experiments in both Line-Of-Sight(LOS)and Non-Line-Of-Sight(NLOS)scenarios,where ten types of wheat moisture content are tested using multi-class Support Vector Machine(SVM).Compared with the Wi-Wheat system proposed in our prior work,Wi-Wheatþhas higher efficiency,requiring only a simple training process,and can sense more wheat moisture content levels.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20190134)Nanjing Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation(ZKX17033&YKK18127)the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(81870767,81971346,and 81771539)。
文摘Oral immunosuppression caused by smoking creates a microenvironment to promote the occurrence and development of oral mucosa precancerous lesions.This study aimed to investigate the role of metabolism and macrophage polarization in cigarette-promoting oral leukoplakia.The effects of cigarette smoke extract(CSE)on macrophage polarization and metabolism were studied in vivo and in vitro.The polarity of macrophages was detected by flow cytometric analysis and q PCR.Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)was used to perform a metabolomic analysis of Raw cells stimulated with CSE.Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to detect the polarity of macrophages in the condition of glutamine abundance and deficiency.Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8),wound-healing assay,and Annexin V-FITC(fluorescein isothiocyanate)/PI(propidium iodide)double-staining flow cytometry were applied to detect the growth and transferability and apoptosis of Leuk-1 cells in the supernatant of Raw cells which were stimulated with CSE,glutamine abundance and deficiency.Hyperkeratosis and dysplasia of the epithelium were evident in smoking mice.M2 macrophages increased under CSE stimulation in vivo and in vitro.In total,162 types of metabolites were detected in the CSE group.The metabolites of nicotine,glutamate,arachidic acid,and arginine changed significantly.The significant enrichment pathways were also selected,including nicotine addiction,glutamine and glutamate metabolism,and arginine biosynthesis.The results also showed that the supernatant of Raw cells stimulated by CSE could induce excessive proliferation of Leuk-1 and inhibit apoptosis.Glutamine abundance can facilitate this process.Cigarette smoke promotes oral leukoplakia via regulating glutamine metabolism and macrophage M2 polarization.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(Grant No.E2016202297)the Tianjin science and technology plan project(Grant No.18YFCZZC00150).
文摘This paper studies the binder droplet injection process in the 3DP technique.The mathematical model of the binder penetration process for multi-nozzle and multi-layer in 3DP technique is established,by using the conservation Level set method.According to the two-dimensional plane model of three-dimensional spatial structure of sand bed,the construction method of an equivalent cylindrical mapping infiltration model is proposed to represent the porosity of the model in the two-dimensional plane,which is exactly the same as that in the three-dimensional space,as well as closer to the arrangement of the three-dimensional space,and to realize the differentiation between the pores and the throats.The method of spraying droplets alternately by multiple nozzles simulates the staggered arrangement of multiple array-type nozzles and prints the current layer completely at one time.The numerical simulation of multi-layer penetration process is realized by using the method of continuous multi-simulation.The simulation model of the binder penetration process by using multi-nozzle and multi-layer is established to simulate the whole process of the binder from the nozzle to impacting on the sand bed and then to penetrating into the sand bed,which reflects the complete penetration process and predicts the sand agglomeration.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC1404301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41230961,41176088)。
文摘The dinoflagellates Alexandrium pacificum and Prorocentrum donghaiense are two well-known harmful algal blooms(HABs)-forming species,both were usually found in the same sea areas in form of HABs in China.To date,there is no mechanistic model that can fully explain the occurrence of P.donghaiense blooms with A.pacificum.We found that different strains of P.donghaiense had different intrinsic growth rates of 0.107-0.215/d,and these strains exhibited different responses to the allelopathic action from A.pacificum.Some strains of P.donghaiense could grow well despite some degrees of inhibition in a short period,suggesting the two algal species P.donghaiense and A.pacificum could coexist,even if A.pacificum was allelopathic.Our findings may advance the understanding of phenotypes in P.donghaiense and provide a potential mechanism involved in the coexistence of P.donghaiense and A.pacificum in the same area.
文摘Objective: To investigate the expression of novel multidrug resistance transporter (BCRP gene) from human MCF-7/AdrVp breast cancer cells in normal lung tissue and non-small lung cancer tissue. Methods: RNA was extracted immediately from fresh normal lung tissue and viable tumor tissue harvested from surgically resected specimens of non-small cell lung cancer patients. cDNA of BCRP gene was prepared by RT-PCR and was then amplified by PCR. cDNA products from those specimens were transferred to blotting membrane through electrophoresis and transferring technique and southern blot hybridization was eventually performed to detect the expression of BCRP gene. Results: RNA were extracted from 8 tumor tissue alone and 12 pairs of tumor tissue and normal lung tissue harvested from the same lung. Four patients’ RNA samples with poor quality due to degrading were discarded. cDNA products of BCRP gene were obtained by RT-PCR and were then amplified by PCR in the remain 16 patients’ RNA samples. Through southern blot hybridization, BCRP gene was found to be slightly expressed in various amounts in all normal lung tissue (10/10) and only in a half of tumor tissue samples (8/16). Conclusion: BCRP gene is slightly expressed in different amount in all normal lung tissue and only in a half of tumor tissue of non-small cell lung cancer patients. It is possible to induce it’s overexpression and to develop multidrug resistance during chemotherapy if using anthracycline anticancer drugs.
文摘Various inorganic nanoparticles are being considered for applications in life science as fluorescent labels and for such therapeutic applications as drug delivery or targeted cell destruction. It is of importance to understand their intercellular transport behaviors and mechanisms. Here, the intercellular transport of internalized CdTe quantum dot (QD) aggregates through tunneling-nanotubes (TNTs) between human hepatocellular carcinoma cells was studied by time-resolved confocal fluorescence microscopy. TNTs are known to connect eukaryotic cells to provide important pathways for intercellular communications. The formation, shrinkage, elongation and rupture of TNTs were clearly observed by microscopy. We found TNTs contained only F-actin or both microtubules and F-actin. Two transport modes for QD aggregates through the TNTs were observed: the microtubule-based bidirectional motion and the ac-tin-dependent unidirectional motion. The mean square displacement analyses revealed that the intercellular transportations of QDs along TNTs were mediated by active processes. The bidirectional intercellular transport of QDs within lysosomes through the TNT was also observed.
文摘In order to effectively make biological image classification and identification, this paper studies the biological owned characteristics, gives an encryption algorithm, and presents a biological classification algorithm based on the encryption process. Through studying the composition characteristics of palm, this paper uses the biological classification algorithm to carry out the classification or recognition of palm, improves the accuracy and efficiency of the existing biological classification and recognition approaches, and compares it with existing main approaches of palm classification by experiments. Experimental results show that this classification approach has the better classification effect, the faster computing speed and the higher classification rate which is improved averagely by 1.46% than those of the main classification approaches.
文摘In this paper, a manifestation of the well-known color confinement from the QCD (quantum chromodynamics) in the newly developed YY model for the atomic nucleus is presented. There is a wonderful correspondence between the structural requirements from the YY model and some elementary properties of the color dynamics from QCD. The open questions in the YY model, namely the holding forces for triple nodes and for pairing space links, are exactly covered by the three-color compensation or by the paired color anti-color balance. We will see what colors and anti-colors do mean in the YY model, how up quarks and down quarks get assigned a color or anti-color. We will discover some relationships between gluon-based interactions as described in the standard model and pairing space links in the YY model.
文摘The present investigation is motivated by finding and developing an easily understandable solution in the context of unified quantum and gravitational theories. Model-based methods are applied, with emphasis on structural descriptions by introducing some strong hypotheses. A subset of the introduced hypotheses led to a surprising understanding of the internal structure and construction of quarks, neutrons, protons and more complex atomic nuclei. The research work therefore focused mainly on the model-based interpretation of subatomic processes. The results obtained so far and presented in this paper are new. They consist of a generic description model for the structure of atomic nuclei. This model contains two important structural links that originate from the initial phase of the cosmological big bang. They hold atomic parts together and are involved in many known nuclear fusion and fission processes. Modifications of them, including the electron-positron annihilation process, are necessary and will be described. A new interpretation of the strong forces from the Standard Model is possible and will be given. In addition, the formation processes for electron and positron particles are considered. Based on the structural relationships, a deeper understanding of matter transformations (transmutations), early cosmological processes and dark matter has been achieved. All challenges of this work are the logical conclusions from the used hypotheses on two structural links. They need to be further investigated and verified by theoretical and experimental works. The postulated particle in this paper, as accompanying product in the electron-positron annihilation, will play a major role for the future investigations.
文摘O. A. Teplov developed an approach to describe the meson quark model by establishing a mathematical quark series (harmonic quark series). With respect to the physical mesons, he made some basic hypotheses of his own and used the well-known theory of harmonic oscillation to construct a numerical mass series that obeys a rigid multiplicative pattern and allows the physical meson masses to be calculated accurately. We have found that his numerical quark series, i.e., their masses, has a fundamental relation to the reduced Max Planck constant ħand report on it in the present paper. This discovery is obviously a theoretical contribution to the correctness of Teplov’s harmonic quark model approach and at the same time a confirmation of the importance of this simple and powerful research work.
文摘The newly developed YY model contains a set of constitutive rules to describe the structures of atomic nuclei and subatomic particles, by using two elementary sub-quark particles, the Yin and Yang fermions of charge 1/3 forming all the particles of the Standard Model. This model suggests a modular structure of the universe, in which two elementary constituents recursively form all the matter. The advantage of this hypothesis is that it provides a total symmetry and a noticeably clear conceptual understanding. Moreover, it justifies the cosmological formation of a limited number of atoms, e.g., H and Li with their isotopes, considering that matter can be produced as a free agglomerate of semi-stable neutrons, which would lead to the feeding of baryonic matter in the universe. In this current article, some further theoretical aspects are proposed as an evolution of the YY model. They cover correlation paths between interacting quarks, the considerations of color forces between yin-yang elementary elements. Moreover, an agreement of the YY model with the Teplov approach based on harmonic quarks and oscillators is established, and the mass of Yin and Yang is considered. Two example nuclei are used for the analysis: a radioactively stable deuteron (containing a neutron and a proton) and a possible semi-stable dineutron (roughly “consisting of two neutrons”), which is purely theoretical, represent a very natural and legal nuclear state within YY model. Based on the results obtained here, some indications are given for a possible simple experimental verification providing proof for the stability or instability of the dineutron.
基金the Anhui Natural Science Foundation(1908085ME151,KJ2020A0263)China Po stdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M673404)+2 种基金Anhui Province High-end Talent Grant(DT18100044)the National Level Foreign Expert Introduction Plan(G20190219004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52207246)。
文摘A facile and efficient ball-milling assisted sol-gel synthesis route was developed to prepare triclinic e-LiVOPO_(4)(LVOP)material with lanthanum(La)and cerium(Ce)modification individually as well as simultaneously.An LVOP/LaPO_(4)/CePO_(4)composite cathode material was successfully synthesized and results show that La and Ce co-modification noticeably improves the electrochemical performance by enhancing the high voltage capacity upon cycling,which indicates contributions from the good ionic conductors LaPO_(4)and CePO_(4).The simultaneous La and Ce modification improves the high voltage performance significantly with an increase of 50%in high voltage capacity after 20 cycles compared to pure LVOP.It also shows stabilized cycling perfo rmance with 91%capacity rete ntion after 50 cycles at 0.1 C rate,along with high-rate capability with a capacity of 83.1 mAh/g compared to the pristine sample showing the capacity of 51.6 mAh/g at a high rate of 5C.This can be attributed to the good conductivity of LaPO_(4)and CePO_(4).In addition,the LVOP/LaPO_(4)/CePO_(4)composite and the pristine LVOP give a charge transfer resistance of-105 and-212Ω,respectively,showing much lower impedance due to a combination of La and Ce addition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21577125)the Social Development Special Fund from Science and Technology Bureau of Hangzhou, China (No. 20110533B09)
文摘In this study, the influences of accumulated mileage(deterioration) and technological changes(emission standards) on emission factors(EFs) of regulated pollutants(CO, HC, and NO_x) from gasoline passenger vehicles were investigated based on Inspection and Maintenance(I/M) data using the chassis dynamometer method. The accumulated mileage of passenger vehicles was significantly linearly correlated with vehicle age. For most cases,the average EFs of CO, HC and NO_x were significantly linearly correlated with accumulated mileage, indicating that emission deterioration had a significant impact on pollutant EFs.Implemented emission standards markedly influenced the EFs of regulated pollutants, and EFs markedly decreased with progressing emission standards. The present study also compared EFs of regulated pollutants between this study and the International vehicle emission(IVE) model, and marked differences in EFs were seen with variations in emission standards, vehicle types and accumulated mileage; NO_x EFs in this study were higher than in the IVE model. The results provide new insight into estimating regulated pollutant emissions using the IVE model.
文摘This paper describes experimental research into the initiation and propagation of rotating detonation for liquid Nitrogen TetrOxide(NTO) and liquid MonoMethylHydrazine(MMH).An annular rocket-type combustor without nozzle was designed to investigate detonation combustion. The propellants were injected through unlike impingement injectors. The combustion flame fronts and pressure waves were detected using optical diagnostics and dynamic pressure sensors,respectively. The propagation of rotating detonation was established spontaneously by increasing the mass flow rate of propellants. The velocity of propagation of the flame fronts and pressure waves was nearly equal and reaches supersonic speed. Two different detonation combustion patterns are present, single wave mode and double waves mode. And in double waves mode, the two detonation waves are always counter-rotating. The possibility of rotating detonation initiation in a combustor with nozzle was also checked. Stable rotating detonation can be initialized and sustained at similar operating conditions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation China,Grant U1502264 Title:Geography,diversity and conservation of Savanna Ecosystems in Yunnan,China.
文摘Aims Savannahs depend on fire for their persistence.Fire influences regeneration from seeds in several ways:it converts the environment into a more open space which can benefit the establishment of seedlings,and fire itself can also enhance germination by chemical and physical cues,such as smoke and heat.There is limited information as to how seed of Asian savannah species respond to fire,even though Asia has several dry vegetation types that are associated with fire.Our main question was whether fire enhances or triggers the germination of woody species occurring in southwest Chinese dry valleys,which have savannah vegetation.Methods We conducted tests with heat(80°C)and smoke solution treatments,and tests with real fire by burning grass on top of sand trays containing seeds.We tested 35 species,including savannah species,and gully and forest species.Depending on seed availability,not all species were tested for all treatments.Twenty-six species had total germination>4%and these were used for analysis.Important Findings Heat increased germination of three species(strongest reaction:Dodonaea viscosa),smoke increased germination of five species(strongest reaction:Calotropis gigantea).Both treatments decreased germination for five and seven species,respectively.Real fire was detrimental for most species,except for D.viscosa,which is known to respond positively to heat shock.Even though fire-related cues were not a trigger for germination for most species in our study,fire could still be crucial for regeneration by competition release.
基金This work was partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61772173)the Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province(No.202102210131)+1 种基金the Innovative Funds Plan of Henan University of Technology(No.2020ZKCJ02)the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C)of Japan Society of Promotion of Science(No.19K12148).
文摘The Mixed No-Idle Flow-shop Scheduling Problem(MNIFSP)is an extension of flow-shop scheduling,which has practical significance and application prospects in production scheduling.To improve the efficacy of solving the complicated multiobjective MNIFSP,a MultiDirection Update(MDU)based Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization(MDU-MoPSO)is proposed in this study.For the biobjective optimization problem of the MNIFSP with minimization of makespan and total processing time,the MDU strategy divides particles into three subgroups according to a hybrid selection mechanism.Each subgroup prefers one convergence direction.Two subgroups are individually close to the two edge areas of the Pareto Front(PF)and serve two objectives,whereas the other one approaches the central area of the PF,preferring the two objectives at the same time.The MDU-MoPSO adopts a job sequence representation method and an exchange sequence-based particle update operation,which can better reflect the characteristics of sequence differences among particles.The MDU-MoPSO updates the particle in multiple directions and interacts in each direction,which speeds up the convergence while maintaining a good distribution performance.The experimental results and comparison of six classical evolutionary algorithms for various benchmark problems demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11402110)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD)of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China。
文摘Vibrations impose negative impacts on the effectiveness and public acceptance of helicopters.Active rotors with trailing-edge flaps have been proved to be an effective way to actively eliminate helicopter vibrations.For the existing control algorithm based on offline system identification,the transfer functions of an active rotor under different flight conditions are pre-requisites to implement closed-loop vibration control.In this study,a three-bladed active rotor with improved trailing-edge flaps is designed,and wind-tunnel tests are conducted to identify the transfer functions of this active rotor using frequency sweep and phase sweep methods.The experimental results demonstrate that these transfer functions are insensitive to the variation of flight speeds:the amplitude of the transfer function varies slightly,while the phase delay almost remains unchanged.In addition,this finding is validated through closed-loop vibration control tests with the active rotor.The transfer function obtained from the hover test results is also applicable to closed-loop vibration control tests under the forward flight conditions.This will dramatically simplify the implementation and operation of an active rotor.