Background:Autologous platelet-rich plasma(PRP)has been suggested to be effective for wound healing.However,evidence for its use in patients with acute and chronic wounds remains insufficient.The aims of this study we...Background:Autologous platelet-rich plasma(PRP)has been suggested to be effective for wound healing.However,evidence for its use in patients with acute and chronic wounds remains insufficient.The aims of this study were to comprehensively examine the effectiveness,synergy and possible mechanism of PRP-mediated improvement of acute skin wound repair.Methods:Full-thickness wounds were made on the back of C57/BL6 mice.PRP or saline solution as a control was administered to the wound area.Wound healing rate,local inflammation,angiogenesis,re-epithelialization and collagen deposition were measured at days 3,5,7 and 14 after skin injury.The biological character of epidermal stem cells(ESCs),which reflect the potential for re-epithelialization,was further evaluated in vitro and in vivo.Results:PRP strongly improved skin wound healing,which was associated with regulation of local inflammation,enhancement of angiogenesis and re-epithelialization.PRP treatment significantly reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-17A and interleukin-1β.An increase in the local vessel intensity and enhancement of re-epithelialization were also observed in animals with PRP administration and were associated with enhanced secretion of growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1.Moreover,PRP treatment ameliorated the survival and activated the migration and proliferation of primary cultured ESCs,and these effects were accompanied by the differentiation of ESCs into adult cells following the changes of CD49f and keratin 10 and keratin 14.Conclusion:PRP improved skin wound healing by modulating inflammation and increasing angiogenesis and re-epithelialization.However,the underlying regulatory mechanism needs to be investigated in the future.Our data provide a preliminary theoretical foundation for the clinical administration of PRP in wound healing and skin regeneration.展开更多
The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin and the first barrier against invasion.Dendritic epidermal T cells(DETCs)are a subset ofT cells and an important component of the epidermal immune microenvironment.DETCs a...The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin and the first barrier against invasion.Dendritic epidermal T cells(DETCs)are a subset ofT cells and an important component of the epidermal immune microenvironment.DETCs are involved in skin wound healing,malignancy and autoim-mune diseases.DETCs secrete insulin-like growth factor-1 and keratinocyte growth factor for skin homeostasis and re-epithelization and release inflammatory factors to adjust the inflammatory microenvironment of wound healing.Therefore,an understanding of their development,activation and correlative signalling pathways is indispensable for the regulation of DETCs to accelerate wound healing.Our review focuses on the above-mentioned molecular mechanisms to provide a general research framework to regulate and control the function of DETCs.展开更多
Resistance to cancer therapy is a major barrier to cancer management.Conventional views have proposed that acquisition of resistance may result from genetic mutations.However,accumulating evidence implicates a key rol...Resistance to cancer therapy is a major barrier to cancer management.Conventional views have proposed that acquisition of resistance may result from genetic mutations.However,accumulating evidence implicates a key role of non-mutational resistance mechanisms underlying drug tolerance,the latter of which is the focus that will be discussed here.Such non-mutational processes are largely driven by tumor cell plasticity,which renders tumor cells insusceptible to the drug-targeted pathway,thereby facilitating the tumor cell survival and growth.The concept of tumor cell plasticity highlights the significance of re-activation of developmental programs that are closely correlated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition,acquisition properties of cancer stem cells,and transdifferentiation potential during drug exposure.From observations in various cancers,this concept provides an opportunity for investigating the nature of anticancer drug resistance.Over the years,our understanding of the emerging role of phenotype switching in modifying therapeutic response has considerably increased.This expanded knowledge of tumor cell plasticity contributes to developing novel therapeutic strategies or combination therapy regimens using available anticancer drugs,which are likely to improve patient outcomes in clinical practice.展开更多
Background:Epidermal stem cells(EpSCs)that reside in cutaneous hair follicles and the basal layer of the epidermis are indispensable for wound healing and skin homeostasis.Little is known about the effects of photoche...Background:Epidermal stem cells(EpSCs)that reside in cutaneous hair follicles and the basal layer of the epidermis are indispensable for wound healing and skin homeostasis.Little is known about the effects of photochemical activation on EpSC differentiation,proliferation and migration during wound healing.The present study aimed to determine the effects of photodynamic therapy(PDT)on wound healing in vivo and in vitro.Methods:We created mouse full-thickness skin resection models and applied 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA)for PDT to the wound beds.Wound healing was analysed by gross evaluation and haematoxylin–eosin staining in vivo.In cultured EpSCs,protein expression was measured using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry.Cell migration was examined using a scratch model;apoptosis and differentiation were measured using flow cytometry.Results:PDT accelerated wound closure by enhancing EpSC differentiation,proliferation and migration,thereby promoting re-epithelialization and angiogenesis.PDT inhibited inflammatory infiltration and expression of proinflammatory cytokines,whereas the secretion of growth factors was greater than in other groups.The proportion of transient amplifying cells was significantly greater in vivo and in vitro in the PDT groups.EpSC migration was markedly enhanced after ALAinduced PDT.Conclusions:Topical ALA-induced PDT stimulates wound healing by enhancing re-epithelialization,promoting angiogenesis as well as modulating skin homeostasis.This work provides a preliminary theoretical foundation for the clinical administration of topical ALA-induced PDT in skin wound healing.展开更多
Background:Burns are one of the major traumas that may affect older individuals.The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of geriatric burns at a major center in sou...Background:Burns are one of the major traumas that may affect older individuals.The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of geriatric burns at a major center in south-west China.Methods:This retrospective study was conducted at the Institute of Burn Research,Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University between 2010 and 2016,and the data collected from medical records included admission date,age,gender,premorbid disease,burn etiology,injured anatomical location,burn area and depth,inhalation injury,number of surgeries,length of stay(LOS),clinical outcome,and medical cost.Results:Of the 693 older burn patients included,60.75%were male and 56.85%were aged 60–69 years.Burns peaked in December–March and June.Flamewas the most common cause of burns,making up 51.95%of all cases,and also dominated in the burn patients aged 60–69 years.Limbs were the most common anatomical sites of burns(69.41%),and the median total body surface area(TBSA)was 5%(interquartile range[IQR]:2%–15%).The percentage of the patients who underwent surgeries and number of surgeries significantly increased in the cases of contact burns,younger age and full-thickness burns.Six deaths resulted in a mortality of 0.9%.The median LOSwas 16 days(IQR:8–29 days),and the main risk factors were more surgeries,better outcomes,and full-thickness burns.The median costwas 20,228 CNY(IQR:10,457–46,581.5 CNY),and major risk factors included longer LOS,larger TBSA,and more surgeries.Furthermore,compared to the earlier data from our center,the proportion of older adults among all burns(7.50%vs.4.15%),proportion of flame burns(51.95%vs.33.90%),and mean age(69.05 years vs.65.10 years)were significantly higher,while the proportion of premorbidities(16.9%vs.83.9%),mortality(0.9%vs.7.5%)and median TBSA(5%vs.21%)were significantly lower.Conclusions:This study suggested that closer attention should be paid to prevent burn injuries in older people aged 60–69 years,especially males,regarding incidents in the summer and winter,and flame burns.Moreover,tailored intervention strategies based on related risk factors should be under special consideration.展开更多
The frequency of T cells that can respond to alloantigens is unusually high.It remains unclear how T cells would respond when stimulated by multiple major histocompatibility complex(MHC)disparate alloantigens in the s...The frequency of T cells that can respond to alloantigens is unusually high.It remains unclear how T cells would respond when stimulated by multiple major histocompatibility complex(MHC)disparate alloantigens in the same cultures.In this report,we examined potential interactions of T cell clones that were stimulated simultaneously by two sets of complete MHC disparate alloantigens using mixed lymphocyte reaction(MLR).In this assay,we observed that proliferation of B6 lymphocytes(H-2b)stimulated by both BALB/c(H-2d)and C_(3)H(H-2k)allogeneic cells was not increased but rather reduced as compared to B6 cells stimulated with either BALB/c or C_(3)H allogeneic cells.Interestingly,interleukin(IL)-10 expressions at both protein level and mRNA level was signifi cantly increased in cultures stimulated with the two MHC alloantigens,while IL-2,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1 production did not show any differences.In addition,Foxp_(3) mRNA expression was comparable amongst all groups.In conclusion,we observed an inhibitory effect in T cell proliferation in response to multiple MHC mismatched alloantigens in MLR,and this effect might be associated with the upregulation of IL-10 expression.展开更多
Mitsugumin 53 (MG53), a newly identified muscle-specific protein, is an essential component of the cell membrane repair machinery in skeletal and cardiac muscle. However, the role of MG53 after burns in other tissues ...Mitsugumin 53 (MG53), a newly identified muscle-specific protein, is an essential component of the cell membrane repair machinery in skeletal and cardiac muscle. However, the role of MG53 after burns in other tissues remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the possible roles of MG53 in the protection of the kidney after severe burn injury, and an animal scalding model of 30% of total body surface area (TBSA) was used. Recombinant human MG53 (rhMG53) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) was injected intravenously via the tail vein. Data showed that the mortality in the MG53-treated group was lower than that in control group. Administration of rhMG53 may alleviate histological alterations in renal tubular epithelial cells after burn injury. Renal tubular injury scores and the average optical density score of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) immunohistochemical staining in the MG53-treated group were significantly lower than those in control group (P < 0.001). Exogenous rhMG53 was found to be located in renal tubular epithelial cells. Numerous polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) were expressed in the mouse kidney after severe scalding. In conclusion, our data indicate that MG53 protein protects the kidney by involving local PTRF after severe burn injury.展开更多
Background:P311,a highly conserved 8 kDa intracellular protein,has recently been reported to play an important role in aggravating hypertrophic scaring by promoting the differentiation and secretion of fibroblasts.Nev...Background:P311,a highly conserved 8 kDa intracellular protein,has recently been reported to play an important role in aggravating hypertrophic scaring by promoting the differentiation and secretion of fibroblasts.Nevertheless,how P311 regulates the differentiation and function of fibroblasts to affect granulation tissue formation remains unclear.In this work,we studied the underlying mechanisms via which P311 affects fibroblasts and promotes acute skin wound repair.Methods:To explore the role of P311,both in vitro and in vivo wound-healing models were used.Full-thickness skin excisional wounds were made in wild-type and P311−/−C57 adult mice.Wound healing rate,re-epithelialization,granulation tissue formation and collagen deposition were measured at days 3,6 and 9 after skin injury.The biological phenotypes of fibroblasts,the expression of target proteins and relevant signaling pathways were examined both in vitro and in vivo.Results:P311 could promote the proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts,enhance the ability of myofibroblasts to secrete extracellular matrix and promote cell contraction,and then facilitate the formation of granulation tissue and eventually accelerate skin wound closure.Importantly,we discovered that P311 acts via up-regulating the expression of type II transforming growth factor-βreceptor(TGF-βRII)in fibroblasts and promoting the activation of the TGF-βRII-Smad signaling pathway.Mechanistically,the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway is closely implicated in the regulation of the TGF-βRII-Smad pathway in fibroblasts mediated by P311.Conclusions:P311 plays a critical role in activation of the TGF-βRII-Smad pathway to promote fibroblast proliferation and differentiation as well as granulation tissue formation in the process of skin wound repair.展开更多
Background:Delayed wound healing remains a common but challenging problem in patients with acute or chronic wound following accidental scald burn injury.However,the systematic and detailed evaluation of the scald burn...Background:Delayed wound healing remains a common but challenging problem in patients with acute or chronic wound following accidental scald burn injury.However,the systematic and detailed evaluation of the scald burn injury,including second-degree deep scald(SDDS)and thirddegree scald(TDS),is still unclear.The present study aims to analyze the wound-healing speed,the formation of granulation tissue,and the healing quality after cutaneous damage.Methods:In order to assess SDDS and TDS,the models of SDDS and TDS were established using a scald instrument in C57BL/6 mice.Furthermore,an excisional wound was administered on the dorsal surface in mice(Cut group).The wound-healing rate was first analyzed at days 0,3,5,7,15 and 27,with the Cut group as a control.Then,on the full-thickness wounds,hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining,Masson staining,Sirius red staining,Victoria blue staining and immunohistochemistry were performed to examine re-epithelialization,the formation of granulation tissue,vascularization,inflammatory infiltration and the healing quality at different time points in the Cut,SDDS and TDS groups.Results:The presented data revealed that the wound-healing rate was higher in the Cut group,when compared with the SDDS and TDS groups.H&E staining showed that re-epithelialization,formation of granulation tissue and inflammatory infiltration were greater in the Cut group,when compared with the SDDS and TDS groups.Immunohistochemistry revealed that the number of CD31,vascular endothelial growth factor A,transforming growth factor-βandα-smooth muscle actin reached preferential peak in the Cut group,when compared with other groups.In addition,Masson staining,Sirius red staining,Victoria blue staining,Gordon-Sweets staining and stress analysis indicated that the ratio of collagen I to III,reticular fibers,failure stress,Young’s modulus and failure length in the SDDS group were similar to those in the normal group,suggesting that healing quality was better in the SDDS group,when compared with the Cut and TDS groups.Conclusion:Overall,the investigators first administered a comprehensive analysis in the Cut,SDDS and TDS groups through in vivo experiments,which further proved that the obstacle of the formation of granulation tissue leads to delayed wound healing after scald burn injury in mice.展开更多
Background: Bacterial infection is one of the most common complications in burn, trauma, and chronic refractory wounds and is an impediment to healing. The frequent occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria due t...Background: Bacterial infection is one of the most common complications in burn, trauma, and chronic refractory wounds and is an impediment to healing. The frequent occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria due to irrational application of antibiotics increases treatment cost and mortality. Graphene oxide (GO) has been generally reported to possess high antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria in vitro. In this study, a graphene oxide-quaternary ammonium salt (GO-QAS) nanocomposite was synthesized and thoroughly investigated for synergistic antibacterial activity, underlying antibacterial mechanisms and biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The GO-QAS nanocomposite was synthesized through amidation reactions of carboxylic group end-capped QAS polymers with primary amine-decorated GO to achieve high QAS loading ratios on nanosheets. Next, we investigated the antibacterial activity and biocompatibility of GO-QAS in vitro and in vivo. Results: GO-QAS exhibited synergistic antibacterial activity against bacteria through not only mechanical membrane perturbation, including wrapping, bacterial membrane insertion, and bacterial membrane perforation, but also oxidative stress induction. In addition, it was found that GO-QAS could eradicate multidrug-resistant bacteria more effectively than conventional antibiotics. The in vitro and in vivo toxicity tests indicated that GO-QAS did not exhibit obvious toxicity towards mammalian cel s or organs at low concentrations. Notably, GO-QAS topically applied on infected wounds maintained highly efficient antibacterial activity and promoted infected wound healing in vivo. Conclusions: The GO-QAS nanocomposite exhibits excellent synergistic antibacterial activity and good biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. The antibacterial mechanisms involve both mechanical membrane perturbation and oxidative stress induction. In addition, GO-QAS accelerated the healing process of infected wounds by promoting re-epithelialization and granulation tissue formation. Overall, the results indicated that the GO-QAS nanocomposite could be applied as a promising antimicrobial agent for infected wound management and antibacterial wound dressing synthesis.展开更多
Professor Li Ao was one of the founders of Chinese burn medicine and one of the most renowned doctors and researchers of burns in China. He established one of the Chinese earliest special departments for burns at Thir...Professor Li Ao was one of the founders of Chinese burn medicine and one of the most renowned doctors and researchers of burns in China. He established one of the Chinese earliest special departments for burns at Third Military Medical University (TMMU) in 1958. To memorialize Professor Li Ao on his 100th birthday in 2017 and introduce our extensive experience, it is our honor to briefly review the development and achievement of the Chinese burn medicine from TMMU. The epidemiology and outcomes of admitted burn patients since 1958 were reviewed. Furthermore, main achievements of basic and clinical research for the past roughly 60 years were presented. These achievements mainly included the Chinese Rule of Nine, fluid resuscitation protocol, experience in inhalation injury, wound treatment strategies, prevention and treatment of burn infections, nutrition therapy, organ support therapies, and rehabilitation. The progress shaped and enriched modern Chinese burn medicine and promoted the development of world burn medicine.展开更多
Currently,there are no harmonized guidelines which govern skin banking in the Asia Pacific region.Therefore,skin banks are either unregulated or rely on their nation’s legislation or international accreditation to up...Currently,there are no harmonized guidelines which govern skin banking in the Asia Pacific region.Therefore,skin banks are either unregulated or rely on their nation’s legislation or international accreditation to uphold their quality standards.A new set of skin banking guidelines was devel-oped through a comprehensive review and collation of best international practices for the Asia Pacific Burn Association(APBA)members,from donor screening and testing,to skin recovery,processing,storage and distribution,and quality assurance.National regulatory requirements reviewed include the European directives,Australia’s Therapeutic Goods Administration and Sin-gapore’s tissue banking standards.Further technical and quality management recommendations are referenced from the American Association of Tissue Banks(AATB),the United States Food and Drug Administration standards and guidance documents,various relevant European guides,Japanese Society of Tissue Transplantation guidelines and the Asia Pacific Association of Surgical Tissue Banking.Adapted mainly from the AATB standards,the new Asia Pacific Burn Association Guidelines for Skin Banking in Therapeutic Applications offer a comprehensive manual,address-ing:governance and contracts;staff responsibilities;quality management;facilities,equipment and supplies management;donor consent and testing;and recommendations of good practices pertaining to skin recovery,processing,storage and distribution.Besides complementing current generic regulations,they provide technical specifications of major aspects unaddressed in most legislations.This inaugural set of new regional skin banking guidelines would be a start for regional members of the APBA to adopt,and will hopefully culminate in a set of standards so that,in the long run,skin allografts from this region can be of similar quality,which can simplify import process and facilitate the exchange of allografts between members.展开更多
Background:The intestinal barrier integrity can be disrupted due to burn injury,which is responsible for local and systemic inflammatory responses.Anti-inflammation strategy is one of the proposed therapeutic approach...Background:The intestinal barrier integrity can be disrupted due to burn injury,which is responsible for local and systemic inflammatory responses.Anti-inflammation strategy is one of the proposed therapeutic approaches to control inflammatory cascade at an early stage.Interleukin-17A(IL-17A)plays a critical role in inflammatory diseases.However,the role of IL-17A in the progression of burn-induced intestinal inflammation is poorly understood.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effect of IL-17A and associated pro-inflammatory cytokines that were deeply involved in the pathogenesis of burn-induced intestinal inflammatory injury,and furthermore,we sought to determine the early source of IL-17A in the intestine.Methods:Mouse burn model was successfully established with infliction of 30%total body surface area scald burn.The histopathological manifestation,intestinal permeability,zonula occludens-1 expression,pro-inflammatory cytokines were determined with or without IL-17A-neutralization.Flow cytometry was used to detect the major source of IL-17A^(+)cells in the intestine.Results:Burn caused intestinal barrier damage,increase of intestinal permeability,alteration of zonula occludens-1 expressions,elevation of IL-17A,IL-6,IL-1βand tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),whereas IL-17A neutralization dramatically alleviated burn-induced intestinal barrier disruption,maintained zonula occludens-1 expression,and noticeably,inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines elevation.In addition,we observed that the proportion of intestinal IL-17A^(+)Vγ4^(+)T subtype cells(but not IL-17A^(+)Vγ1^(+)T subtype cells)were increased in burn group,and neutralization of IL-17A suppressed this increase.Conclusions:The main original findings of this study are intestinal mucosa barrier is disrupted after burn through affecting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines,and a protective role of IL-17A neutralization for intestinal mucosa barrier is determined.Furthermore,Vγ4^(+)T cells are identified as the major early producers of IL-17A that orchestrate an inflammatory response in the burn model.These data suggest that IL-17A blockage may provide a unique target for therapeutic intervention to treat intestinal insult after burn.展开更多
Titanium alloys have a wide application in aerospace industries as it has greater strength and low density, but it has poor tribological properties. To improve its friction and wear performance, in present work, a fem...Titanium alloys have a wide application in aerospace industries as it has greater strength and low density, but it has poor tribological properties. To improve its friction and wear performance, in present work, a femtosecond laser is used to directly irradiate the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy surface in air conditioning, which results in localized ablation and the formation of periodic microstructures but also a strong pressure wave, propagating the material inside. Through the optimization of processing parameters, surface modification and periodic micropatterning with effective anti-friction properties were successfully induced on the surface. After a treatment of femtosecond laser-induced surface modification(FsLSM), the surface microhardness was improved by 16.6% and compressive residual stress reached-746 MPa. Besides, laser-induced periodic surface structures(LIPSS) with a titanium oxide outer coating were fabricated uniformly on the titanium alloy surface. Rotary ball-on-disk wear experiments revealed that the average coefficient of friction(COF) and wear mass loss of the specimen with Fs LSM treatment were largely reduced by 68.9% and 90% as compared to that of untreated specimens, respectively. It was analyzed that the reason for the remarkable wear resistance was attributed to the comprehensive action of the generation of LIPSS, the titanium oxide outer coating, high amplitude compressive residual stress and gradient grain size distribution on the subsurface during the laser surface treatment. Since the findings here are broadly applicable to a wide spectrum of engineering metals and alloys, the present results offer unique pathways to enhancing the tribological performance of materials.展开更多
Background:A hypertrophic scar is a unique fibrotic disease that only exists in humans.Despite advances in burn care and rehabilitation,as well as progress in the management during these decades,the hypertrophic scar ...Background:A hypertrophic scar is a unique fibrotic disease that only exists in humans.Despite advances in burn care and rehabilitation,as well as progress in the management during these decades,the hypertrophic scar remains hard to cure following surgical methods and drugs for treatment.In this study,we are looking forward to finding the multitude of possible traumatic mechanisms and the underlying molecular signal ways in the formation of the hypertrophic scar.Methods:We used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation(iTRAQ)labeling technology,followed by high-throughput 2D LC-MS/MS,to determine relative quantitative differential proteins between the hypertrophic scar and normal skin tissue.Results:A total of 3166 proteins were identified with a high confidence(≥95%confidence).And,a total of 89 proteins were identified as the differential proteins between the hypertrophic scar and normal skin,among which 41 proteins were up-regulated and 48 proteins were down-regulated in the hypertrophic scar.GO-Analysis indicated the up-regulated proteins were involved in extracellular matrix,whereas the down-regulated proteins were involved in dynamic junction and structural molecule activity.Conclusions:In our study,we demonstrate 89 proteins present differently in the hypertrophic scar compared to normal skin by iTRAQ technology,which might indicate the pathologic process of hypertrophic scar formation and guide us to propose new strategies against the hypertrophic scar.展开更多
Background:For patients with skin defects such as burns,wound dressing plays important roles in protecting the wound.Before a novel wound dressing is applied to a patient,a series of tests should be performed to ensur...Background:For patients with skin defects such as burns,wound dressing plays important roles in protecting the wound.Before a novel wound dressing is applied to a patient,a series of tests should be performed to ensure its safety and efficacy.Different types of animal wound-healing models have been used to study the bio-function of different wound dressings;however,a systematic way to evaluate the effect of a wound dressing on wound healing and cutaneous regeneration is lacking.Methods:In the study presented here,full-thickness wound models were established in mice,and a systematic way to quantitatively analyze the wound-healing process and the histological results is described.Results:It was found that the rate of wound healing in the tested wound dressing(TWD)group was higher than that in the control group,and the re-epithelialization and the formation of granulation tissue were enhanced when the TWD was applied.Meanwhile,the inflammatory response was attenuated in the TWD group,and more mature and better aligned collagen fibers in the healed wound tissue was found in the TWD group compared with that in the control group.Conclusions:A systematic,quantitative way to analyze the effect of a wound dressing on wound healing was established.And it might be helpful for the design of wound dressing in the future.展开更多
Rodents have robust wound healing mechanism compared to other animal species.The major mechanisms of wound healing diff er between rodents and humans.In humans,wound healing primarily depends on re-epithelialization a...Rodents have robust wound healing mechanism compared to other animal species.The major mechanisms of wound healing diff er between rodents and humans.In humans,wound healing primarily depends on re-epithelialization and granulation tissue(GT)formation,whereas wound contraction is more important during rodent wound closure.In this study,we described a novel excisional wound-splinting model in mice with a new biological membrane to imitate wound healing in humans.In this model,wound contraction can be eff ectually prevented,and the extent of re-epithelialization and the amount of granulation tissue can be determined easily.Furthermore,the harvested tissues can be analyzed with diff erent methods according to the research aim.In conclusion,we have developed a biological membrane-based,novel,excisional wound-splinting model in mice that has unique advantages for wound healing research compared with the conventional animal model.展开更多
Considerable research has indicated that fiber‐reinforced textile composites are significantly beneficial to the aerospace industry,especially aero engines,due to their high specific strength,specific stiffness,corro...Considerable research has indicated that fiber‐reinforced textile composites are significantly beneficial to the aerospace industry,especially aero engines,due to their high specific strength,specific stiffness,corrosion resistance,and fatigue re-sistance.However,damage caused by high‐velocity impacts is a critical limitation factor in a wide range of applications.This paper presents an overview of the development,material characterizations,and applications of fiber‐reinforced textile composites for aero engines.These textile composites are classified into four ca-tegories including two‐dimensional(2D)woven composites,2D braided composites,3D woven composites,and 3D braided composites.The complex damage me-chanisms of these composite materials due to high‐velocity impacts are discussed in detail as well.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(No.2017YFC1103301)Military Medical Innovation Special Projects(No.18CXZ029)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872742)Top-notch Talent Training Plan(SWH2018BJKJ-04)MilitaryMedical Science and Technology Youth Training Plan(20QNPY024).
文摘Background:Autologous platelet-rich plasma(PRP)has been suggested to be effective for wound healing.However,evidence for its use in patients with acute and chronic wounds remains insufficient.The aims of this study were to comprehensively examine the effectiveness,synergy and possible mechanism of PRP-mediated improvement of acute skin wound repair.Methods:Full-thickness wounds were made on the back of C57/BL6 mice.PRP or saline solution as a control was administered to the wound area.Wound healing rate,local inflammation,angiogenesis,re-epithelialization and collagen deposition were measured at days 3,5,7 and 14 after skin injury.The biological character of epidermal stem cells(ESCs),which reflect the potential for re-epithelialization,was further evaluated in vitro and in vivo.Results:PRP strongly improved skin wound healing,which was associated with regulation of local inflammation,enhancement of angiogenesis and re-epithelialization.PRP treatment significantly reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-17A and interleukin-1β.An increase in the local vessel intensity and enhancement of re-epithelialization were also observed in animals with PRP administration and were associated with enhanced secretion of growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1.Moreover,PRP treatment ameliorated the survival and activated the migration and proliferation of primary cultured ESCs,and these effects were accompanied by the differentiation of ESCs into adult cells following the changes of CD49f and keratin 10 and keratin 14.Conclusion:PRP improved skin wound healing by modulating inflammation and increasing angiogenesis and re-epithelialization.However,the underlying regulatory mechanism needs to be investigated in the future.Our data provide a preliminary theoretical foundation for the clinical administration of PRP in wound healing and skin regeneration.
基金supported by grants from the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872742 to WH,31970830 ,81630025 to JH,31800722 to ZM)the Military Medical Science and Technology Youth Cultivation Plan(20QNPY024)+3 种基金the Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau of Guangdong Province(2018071 to JH)the Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(201904010090 to JH)the Health Commission of Guangdong Province(A2019520 to JH)a grant from the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(19JCQNJC11400 to ZM).
文摘The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin and the first barrier against invasion.Dendritic epidermal T cells(DETCs)are a subset ofT cells and an important component of the epidermal immune microenvironment.DETCs are involved in skin wound healing,malignancy and autoim-mune diseases.DETCs secrete insulin-like growth factor-1 and keratinocyte growth factor for skin homeostasis and re-epithelization and release inflammatory factors to adjust the inflammatory microenvironment of wound healing.Therefore,an understanding of their development,activation and correlative signalling pathways is indispensable for the regulation of DETCs to accelerate wound healing.Our review focuses on the above-mentioned molecular mechanisms to provide a general research framework to regulate and control the function of DETCs.
基金supported by project of the State Key Laboratory of Trauma,Burn and Combined Injury,Third Military Medical University(SKLJYJF20).
文摘Resistance to cancer therapy is a major barrier to cancer management.Conventional views have proposed that acquisition of resistance may result from genetic mutations.However,accumulating evidence implicates a key role of non-mutational resistance mechanisms underlying drug tolerance,the latter of which is the focus that will be discussed here.Such non-mutational processes are largely driven by tumor cell plasticity,which renders tumor cells insusceptible to the drug-targeted pathway,thereby facilitating the tumor cell survival and growth.The concept of tumor cell plasticity highlights the significance of re-activation of developmental programs that are closely correlated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition,acquisition properties of cancer stem cells,and transdifferentiation potential during drug exposure.From observations in various cancers,this concept provides an opportunity for investigating the nature of anticancer drug resistance.Over the years,our understanding of the emerging role of phenotype switching in modifying therapeutic response has considerably increased.This expanded knowledge of tumor cell plasticity contributes to developing novel therapeutic strategies or combination therapy regimens using available anticancer drugs,which are likely to improve patient outcomes in clinical practice.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.81571902,31872742).
文摘Background:Epidermal stem cells(EpSCs)that reside in cutaneous hair follicles and the basal layer of the epidermis are indispensable for wound healing and skin homeostasis.Little is known about the effects of photochemical activation on EpSC differentiation,proliferation and migration during wound healing.The present study aimed to determine the effects of photodynamic therapy(PDT)on wound healing in vivo and in vitro.Methods:We created mouse full-thickness skin resection models and applied 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA)for PDT to the wound beds.Wound healing was analysed by gross evaluation and haematoxylin–eosin staining in vivo.In cultured EpSCs,protein expression was measured using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry.Cell migration was examined using a scratch model;apoptosis and differentiation were measured using flow cytometry.Results:PDT accelerated wound closure by enhancing EpSC differentiation,proliferation and migration,thereby promoting re-epithelialization and angiogenesis.PDT inhibited inflammatory infiltration and expression of proinflammatory cytokines,whereas the secretion of growth factors was greater than in other groups.The proportion of transient amplifying cells was significantly greater in vivo and in vitro in the PDT groups.EpSC migration was markedly enhanced after ALAinduced PDT.Conclusions:Topical ALA-induced PDT stimulates wound healing by enhancing re-epithelialization,promoting angiogenesis as well as modulating skin homeostasis.This work provides a preliminary theoretical foundation for the clinical administration of topical ALA-induced PDT in skin wound healing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81801915,Grant No.81630055,Grant No.81920108022)the Talent Programme of ThirdMilitary Medical University(Army Medical University)(Grant No.XZ-2019-505-065)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Plan of Southwest Hospital(Grant No.SWH2016ZDCX2014)the Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma(Hainan Medical University)Ministry of Education(Grant No.KLET-201909).
文摘Background:Burns are one of the major traumas that may affect older individuals.The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of geriatric burns at a major center in south-west China.Methods:This retrospective study was conducted at the Institute of Burn Research,Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University between 2010 and 2016,and the data collected from medical records included admission date,age,gender,premorbid disease,burn etiology,injured anatomical location,burn area and depth,inhalation injury,number of surgeries,length of stay(LOS),clinical outcome,and medical cost.Results:Of the 693 older burn patients included,60.75%were male and 56.85%were aged 60–69 years.Burns peaked in December–March and June.Flamewas the most common cause of burns,making up 51.95%of all cases,and also dominated in the burn patients aged 60–69 years.Limbs were the most common anatomical sites of burns(69.41%),and the median total body surface area(TBSA)was 5%(interquartile range[IQR]:2%–15%).The percentage of the patients who underwent surgeries and number of surgeries significantly increased in the cases of contact burns,younger age and full-thickness burns.Six deaths resulted in a mortality of 0.9%.The median LOSwas 16 days(IQR:8–29 days),and the main risk factors were more surgeries,better outcomes,and full-thickness burns.The median costwas 20,228 CNY(IQR:10,457–46,581.5 CNY),and major risk factors included longer LOS,larger TBSA,and more surgeries.Furthermore,compared to the earlier data from our center,the proportion of older adults among all burns(7.50%vs.4.15%),proportion of flame burns(51.95%vs.33.90%),and mean age(69.05 years vs.65.10 years)were significantly higher,while the proportion of premorbidities(16.9%vs.83.9%),mortality(0.9%vs.7.5%)and median TBSA(5%vs.21%)were significantly lower.Conclusions:This study suggested that closer attention should be paid to prevent burn injuries in older people aged 60–69 years,especially males,regarding incidents in the summer and winter,and flame burns.Moreover,tailored intervention strategies based on related risk factors should be under special consideration.
基金supported by a grant from the National Nature Science Foundation of China(NSFC81302548)to J Zhou.
文摘The frequency of T cells that can respond to alloantigens is unusually high.It remains unclear how T cells would respond when stimulated by multiple major histocompatibility complex(MHC)disparate alloantigens in the same cultures.In this report,we examined potential interactions of T cell clones that were stimulated simultaneously by two sets of complete MHC disparate alloantigens using mixed lymphocyte reaction(MLR).In this assay,we observed that proliferation of B6 lymphocytes(H-2b)stimulated by both BALB/c(H-2d)and C_(3)H(H-2k)allogeneic cells was not increased but rather reduced as compared to B6 cells stimulated with either BALB/c or C_(3)H allogeneic cells.Interestingly,interleukin(IL)-10 expressions at both protein level and mRNA level was signifi cantly increased in cultures stimulated with the two MHC alloantigens,while IL-2,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1 production did not show any differences.In addition,Foxp_(3) mRNA expression was comparable amongst all groups.In conclusion,we observed an inhibitory effect in T cell proliferation in response to multiple MHC mismatched alloantigens in MLR,and this effect might be associated with the upregulation of IL-10 expression.
基金China's NSFC grants (81027004,81372082, 30571922) to JW and GL, "863" grants (2012AA020504)to JW. Also we sincerely thank Jianjie Ma for selfless assistance to this work
文摘Mitsugumin 53 (MG53), a newly identified muscle-specific protein, is an essential component of the cell membrane repair machinery in skeletal and cardiac muscle. However, the role of MG53 after burns in other tissues remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the possible roles of MG53 in the protection of the kidney after severe burn injury, and an animal scalding model of 30% of total body surface area (TBSA) was used. Recombinant human MG53 (rhMG53) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) was injected intravenously via the tail vein. Data showed that the mortality in the MG53-treated group was lower than that in control group. Administration of rhMG53 may alleviate histological alterations in renal tubular epithelial cells after burn injury. Renal tubular injury scores and the average optical density score of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) immunohistochemical staining in the MG53-treated group were significantly lower than those in control group (P < 0.001). Exogenous rhMG53 was found to be located in renal tubular epithelial cells. Numerous polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) were expressed in the mouse kidney after severe scalding. In conclusion, our data indicate that MG53 protein protects the kidney by involving local PTRF after severe burn injury.
基金National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.31872742 to W.F.H.and No.81630055 to G.X.L.)Military Medical Science and Technology Youth Training Program of Army Military Medical University(Third Military Medical University)(No.20QNPY024 to W.F.H.)the Special Project for Enhancing Science and Technology Innovation Ability(frontier exploration)of Army Military Medical University(Third Military Medical University)(No.2019XQY12 to W.F.H.).
文摘Background:P311,a highly conserved 8 kDa intracellular protein,has recently been reported to play an important role in aggravating hypertrophic scaring by promoting the differentiation and secretion of fibroblasts.Nevertheless,how P311 regulates the differentiation and function of fibroblasts to affect granulation tissue formation remains unclear.In this work,we studied the underlying mechanisms via which P311 affects fibroblasts and promotes acute skin wound repair.Methods:To explore the role of P311,both in vitro and in vivo wound-healing models were used.Full-thickness skin excisional wounds were made in wild-type and P311−/−C57 adult mice.Wound healing rate,re-epithelialization,granulation tissue formation and collagen deposition were measured at days 3,6 and 9 after skin injury.The biological phenotypes of fibroblasts,the expression of target proteins and relevant signaling pathways were examined both in vitro and in vivo.Results:P311 could promote the proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts,enhance the ability of myofibroblasts to secrete extracellular matrix and promote cell contraction,and then facilitate the formation of granulation tissue and eventually accelerate skin wound closure.Importantly,we discovered that P311 acts via up-regulating the expression of type II transforming growth factor-βreceptor(TGF-βRII)in fibroblasts and promoting the activation of the TGF-βRII-Smad signaling pathway.Mechanistically,the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway is closely implicated in the regulation of the TGF-βRII-Smad pathway in fibroblasts mediated by P311.Conclusions:P311 plays a critical role in activation of the TGF-βRII-Smad pathway to promote fibroblast proliferation and differentiation as well as granulation tissue formation in the process of skin wound repair.
文摘Background:Delayed wound healing remains a common but challenging problem in patients with acute or chronic wound following accidental scald burn injury.However,the systematic and detailed evaluation of the scald burn injury,including second-degree deep scald(SDDS)and thirddegree scald(TDS),is still unclear.The present study aims to analyze the wound-healing speed,the formation of granulation tissue,and the healing quality after cutaneous damage.Methods:In order to assess SDDS and TDS,the models of SDDS and TDS were established using a scald instrument in C57BL/6 mice.Furthermore,an excisional wound was administered on the dorsal surface in mice(Cut group).The wound-healing rate was first analyzed at days 0,3,5,7,15 and 27,with the Cut group as a control.Then,on the full-thickness wounds,hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining,Masson staining,Sirius red staining,Victoria blue staining and immunohistochemistry were performed to examine re-epithelialization,the formation of granulation tissue,vascularization,inflammatory infiltration and the healing quality at different time points in the Cut,SDDS and TDS groups.Results:The presented data revealed that the wound-healing rate was higher in the Cut group,when compared with the SDDS and TDS groups.H&E staining showed that re-epithelialization,formation of granulation tissue and inflammatory infiltration were greater in the Cut group,when compared with the SDDS and TDS groups.Immunohistochemistry revealed that the number of CD31,vascular endothelial growth factor A,transforming growth factor-βandα-smooth muscle actin reached preferential peak in the Cut group,when compared with other groups.In addition,Masson staining,Sirius red staining,Victoria blue staining,Gordon-Sweets staining and stress analysis indicated that the ratio of collagen I to III,reticular fibers,failure stress,Young’s modulus and failure length in the SDDS group were similar to those in the normal group,suggesting that healing quality was better in the SDDS group,when compared with the Cut and TDS groups.Conclusion:Overall,the investigators first administered a comprehensive analysis in the Cut,SDDS and TDS groups through in vivo experiments,which further proved that the obstacle of the formation of granulation tissue leads to delayed wound healing after scald burn injury in mice.
基金the Southwest Hospital Key Program(SWH2016ZDCX2014)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81372082)+1 种基金National Special Scientific Projects of Public Welfare Industry Funding of China(201502028)the State Key Laboratory Funding(SKLZZ201221).
文摘Background: Bacterial infection is one of the most common complications in burn, trauma, and chronic refractory wounds and is an impediment to healing. The frequent occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria due to irrational application of antibiotics increases treatment cost and mortality. Graphene oxide (GO) has been generally reported to possess high antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria in vitro. In this study, a graphene oxide-quaternary ammonium salt (GO-QAS) nanocomposite was synthesized and thoroughly investigated for synergistic antibacterial activity, underlying antibacterial mechanisms and biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The GO-QAS nanocomposite was synthesized through amidation reactions of carboxylic group end-capped QAS polymers with primary amine-decorated GO to achieve high QAS loading ratios on nanosheets. Next, we investigated the antibacterial activity and biocompatibility of GO-QAS in vitro and in vivo. Results: GO-QAS exhibited synergistic antibacterial activity against bacteria through not only mechanical membrane perturbation, including wrapping, bacterial membrane insertion, and bacterial membrane perforation, but also oxidative stress induction. In addition, it was found that GO-QAS could eradicate multidrug-resistant bacteria more effectively than conventional antibiotics. The in vitro and in vivo toxicity tests indicated that GO-QAS did not exhibit obvious toxicity towards mammalian cel s or organs at low concentrations. Notably, GO-QAS topically applied on infected wounds maintained highly efficient antibacterial activity and promoted infected wound healing in vivo. Conclusions: The GO-QAS nanocomposite exhibits excellent synergistic antibacterial activity and good biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. The antibacterial mechanisms involve both mechanical membrane perturbation and oxidative stress induction. In addition, GO-QAS accelerated the healing process of infected wounds by promoting re-epithelialization and granulation tissue formation. Overall, the results indicated that the GO-QAS nanocomposite could be applied as a promising antimicrobial agent for infected wound management and antibacterial wound dressing synthesis.
文摘Professor Li Ao was one of the founders of Chinese burn medicine and one of the most renowned doctors and researchers of burns in China. He established one of the Chinese earliest special departments for burns at Third Military Medical University (TMMU) in 1958. To memorialize Professor Li Ao on his 100th birthday in 2017 and introduce our extensive experience, it is our honor to briefly review the development and achievement of the Chinese burn medicine from TMMU. The epidemiology and outcomes of admitted burn patients since 1958 were reviewed. Furthermore, main achievements of basic and clinical research for the past roughly 60 years were presented. These achievements mainly included the Chinese Rule of Nine, fluid resuscitation protocol, experience in inhalation injury, wound treatment strategies, prevention and treatment of burn infections, nutrition therapy, organ support therapies, and rehabilitation. The progress shaped and enriched modern Chinese burn medicine and promoted the development of world burn medicine.
文摘Currently,there are no harmonized guidelines which govern skin banking in the Asia Pacific region.Therefore,skin banks are either unregulated or rely on their nation’s legislation or international accreditation to uphold their quality standards.A new set of skin banking guidelines was devel-oped through a comprehensive review and collation of best international practices for the Asia Pacific Burn Association(APBA)members,from donor screening and testing,to skin recovery,processing,storage and distribution,and quality assurance.National regulatory requirements reviewed include the European directives,Australia’s Therapeutic Goods Administration and Sin-gapore’s tissue banking standards.Further technical and quality management recommendations are referenced from the American Association of Tissue Banks(AATB),the United States Food and Drug Administration standards and guidance documents,various relevant European guides,Japanese Society of Tissue Transplantation guidelines and the Asia Pacific Association of Surgical Tissue Banking.Adapted mainly from the AATB standards,the new Asia Pacific Burn Association Guidelines for Skin Banking in Therapeutic Applications offer a comprehensive manual,address-ing:governance and contracts;staff responsibilities;quality management;facilities,equipment and supplies management;donor consent and testing;and recommendations of good practices pertaining to skin recovery,processing,storage and distribution.Besides complementing current generic regulations,they provide technical specifications of major aspects unaddressed in most legislations.This inaugural set of new regional skin banking guidelines would be a start for regional members of the APBA to adopt,and will hopefully culminate in a set of standards so that,in the long run,skin allografts from this region can be of similar quality,which can simplify import process and facilitate the exchange of allografts between members.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.81570675,NO.31872742)Clinical Innovation Foundation of Southwest Hospital(SWH2017JCZD-06)Top Talent Training Programme Foundation of Southwest Hospital(SWH2018BJKJ-04).
文摘Background:The intestinal barrier integrity can be disrupted due to burn injury,which is responsible for local and systemic inflammatory responses.Anti-inflammation strategy is one of the proposed therapeutic approaches to control inflammatory cascade at an early stage.Interleukin-17A(IL-17A)plays a critical role in inflammatory diseases.However,the role of IL-17A in the progression of burn-induced intestinal inflammation is poorly understood.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effect of IL-17A and associated pro-inflammatory cytokines that were deeply involved in the pathogenesis of burn-induced intestinal inflammatory injury,and furthermore,we sought to determine the early source of IL-17A in the intestine.Methods:Mouse burn model was successfully established with infliction of 30%total body surface area scald burn.The histopathological manifestation,intestinal permeability,zonula occludens-1 expression,pro-inflammatory cytokines were determined with or without IL-17A-neutralization.Flow cytometry was used to detect the major source of IL-17A^(+)cells in the intestine.Results:Burn caused intestinal barrier damage,increase of intestinal permeability,alteration of zonula occludens-1 expressions,elevation of IL-17A,IL-6,IL-1βand tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),whereas IL-17A neutralization dramatically alleviated burn-induced intestinal barrier disruption,maintained zonula occludens-1 expression,and noticeably,inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines elevation.In addition,we observed that the proportion of intestinal IL-17A^(+)Vγ4^(+)T subtype cells(but not IL-17A^(+)Vγ1^(+)T subtype cells)were increased in burn group,and neutralization of IL-17A suppressed this increase.Conclusions:The main original findings of this study are intestinal mucosa barrier is disrupted after burn through affecting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines,and a protective role of IL-17A neutralization for intestinal mucosa barrier is determined.Furthermore,Vγ4^(+)T cells are identified as the major early producers of IL-17A that orchestrate an inflammatory response in the burn model.These data suggest that IL-17A blockage may provide a unique target for therapeutic intervention to treat intestinal insult after burn.
基金co-supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2018B090906002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51875574)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2017-Ⅶ-0003-0096-1)。
文摘Titanium alloys have a wide application in aerospace industries as it has greater strength and low density, but it has poor tribological properties. To improve its friction and wear performance, in present work, a femtosecond laser is used to directly irradiate the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy surface in air conditioning, which results in localized ablation and the formation of periodic microstructures but also a strong pressure wave, propagating the material inside. Through the optimization of processing parameters, surface modification and periodic micropatterning with effective anti-friction properties were successfully induced on the surface. After a treatment of femtosecond laser-induced surface modification(FsLSM), the surface microhardness was improved by 16.6% and compressive residual stress reached-746 MPa. Besides, laser-induced periodic surface structures(LIPSS) with a titanium oxide outer coating were fabricated uniformly on the titanium alloy surface. Rotary ball-on-disk wear experiments revealed that the average coefficient of friction(COF) and wear mass loss of the specimen with Fs LSM treatment were largely reduced by 68.9% and 90% as compared to that of untreated specimens, respectively. It was analyzed that the reason for the remarkable wear resistance was attributed to the comprehensive action of the generation of LIPSS, the titanium oxide outer coating, high amplitude compressive residual stress and gradient grain size distribution on the subsurface during the laser surface treatment. Since the findings here are broadly applicable to a wide spectrum of engineering metals and alloys, the present results offer unique pathways to enhancing the tribological performance of materials.
文摘Background:A hypertrophic scar is a unique fibrotic disease that only exists in humans.Despite advances in burn care and rehabilitation,as well as progress in the management during these decades,the hypertrophic scar remains hard to cure following surgical methods and drugs for treatment.In this study,we are looking forward to finding the multitude of possible traumatic mechanisms and the underlying molecular signal ways in the formation of the hypertrophic scar.Methods:We used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation(iTRAQ)labeling technology,followed by high-throughput 2D LC-MS/MS,to determine relative quantitative differential proteins between the hypertrophic scar and normal skin tissue.Results:A total of 3166 proteins were identified with a high confidence(≥95%confidence).And,a total of 89 proteins were identified as the differential proteins between the hypertrophic scar and normal skin,among which 41 proteins were up-regulated and 48 proteins were down-regulated in the hypertrophic scar.GO-Analysis indicated the up-regulated proteins were involved in extracellular matrix,whereas the down-regulated proteins were involved in dynamic junction and structural molecule activity.Conclusions:In our study,we demonstrate 89 proteins present differently in the hypertrophic scar compared to normal skin by iTRAQ technology,which might indicate the pathologic process of hypertrophic scar formation and guide us to propose new strategies against the hypertrophic scar.
基金the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China(863 Program 2012AA020504)and M12·5-AWS11J012-05.
文摘Background:For patients with skin defects such as burns,wound dressing plays important roles in protecting the wound.Before a novel wound dressing is applied to a patient,a series of tests should be performed to ensure its safety and efficacy.Different types of animal wound-healing models have been used to study the bio-function of different wound dressings;however,a systematic way to evaluate the effect of a wound dressing on wound healing and cutaneous regeneration is lacking.Methods:In the study presented here,full-thickness wound models were established in mice,and a systematic way to quantitatively analyze the wound-healing process and the histological results is described.Results:It was found that the rate of wound healing in the tested wound dressing(TWD)group was higher than that in the control group,and the re-epithelialization and the formation of granulation tissue were enhanced when the TWD was applied.Meanwhile,the inflammatory response was attenuated in the TWD group,and more mature and better aligned collagen fibers in the healed wound tissue was found in the TWD group compared with that in the control group.Conclusions:A systematic,quantitative way to analyze the effect of a wound dressing on wound healing was established.And it might be helpful for the design of wound dressing in the future.
文摘Rodents have robust wound healing mechanism compared to other animal species.The major mechanisms of wound healing diff er between rodents and humans.In humans,wound healing primarily depends on re-epithelialization and granulation tissue(GT)formation,whereas wound contraction is more important during rodent wound closure.In this study,we described a novel excisional wound-splinting model in mice with a new biological membrane to imitate wound healing in humans.In this model,wound contraction can be eff ectually prevented,and the extent of re-epithelialization and the amount of granulation tissue can be determined easily.Furthermore,the harvested tissues can be analyzed with diff erent methods according to the research aim.In conclusion,we have developed a biological membrane-based,novel,excisional wound-splinting model in mice that has unique advantages for wound healing research compared with the conventional animal model.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:12002265China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2021M692572+1 种基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:12002265)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.:2021M692572).
文摘Considerable research has indicated that fiber‐reinforced textile composites are significantly beneficial to the aerospace industry,especially aero engines,due to their high specific strength,specific stiffness,corrosion resistance,and fatigue re-sistance.However,damage caused by high‐velocity impacts is a critical limitation factor in a wide range of applications.This paper presents an overview of the development,material characterizations,and applications of fiber‐reinforced textile composites for aero engines.These textile composites are classified into four ca-tegories including two‐dimensional(2D)woven composites,2D braided composites,3D woven composites,and 3D braided composites.The complex damage me-chanisms of these composite materials due to high‐velocity impacts are discussed in detail as well.