To the Editor,Previous studies have demonstrated close associations of specific immune cell profiles in the occurrence and development of COVID-19.[1,2]However,due to confounding factors and reverse causality in tradi...To the Editor,Previous studies have demonstrated close associations of specific immune cell profiles in the occurrence and development of COVID-19.[1,2]However,due to confounding factors and reverse causality in traditional observational studies,it remains unclear whether these associations reflect a causal link.Mendelian randomization(MR)is a reliable method of causal inferences that uses genetic variants(usually single-nucleotide polymorphisms[SNPs])as instrumental variables(IVs)to estimate the causal effect of exposure on outcome.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers:82241044 and 82172152)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai(grant numbers:22692192200).
文摘To the Editor,Previous studies have demonstrated close associations of specific immune cell profiles in the occurrence and development of COVID-19.[1,2]However,due to confounding factors and reverse causality in traditional observational studies,it remains unclear whether these associations reflect a causal link.Mendelian randomization(MR)is a reliable method of causal inferences that uses genetic variants(usually single-nucleotide polymorphisms[SNPs])as instrumental variables(IVs)to estimate the causal effect of exposure on outcome.
