A Survey Report on Sugarcane Production in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 2013

In order to fully understand sugarcane production in Guangxi in 2013,the sample survey combined with data collection and field survey was carried out in sugarcane production areas in Nanning,Hechi,Liuzhou,Chongzuo,Baise and Laibin from May 28 to June 36 in2013. It was found that the sugarcane growing area in Guangxi in 2013 declined compared with that in 2012; the rate of emergence remained the same as previous year,and as for the plant number of plant crop and ratoon crop per hectare,there was a decline of 4000 and 2000 seedlings respectively compared with the figure in 2012; borer damage rate declined on the whole while the incidence of sugarcane smut increased.Due to the growth in the cost of planting,the growers were less enthusiastic for management. According to the findings,the fertilization and sugarcane field management should be accelerated; borer prevention work was also required,so as to reduce borer damage and dieback rate;the planting structure of varieties had to be adjusted and the cultivated area of " Guitang" as a fine sugarcane variety should also be enlarged;meanwhile other active measures needed to be taken to prevent and control the outburst of pest attack in local areas.

A Master-Slave Blockchain Paradigm and Application in Digital Rights Management

Upon flaws of current blockchain platforms of heavyweight, large capacity of ledger, and time-consuming of synchronization of data, in this paper, we proposed a new paradigm of master-slave blockchain scheme(MSB) for pervasive computing that suitable for general PC, mobile device such as smart phones or PADs to participants in the working of mining and verification, in which we separated traditional blockchain model in 2 layer defined as master node layer and a series of slavery agents layer, then we proposed 2 approaches for partially computing model(PCM) and non-computing of model(NCM) in the MSB blockchain, Finally large amounts of simulations manifest the proposed master-slave blockchain scheme is feasible, extendible and suitable for pervasive computing especially in the 5 G generation environment, and can apply in the DRM-related applications.

Microinterface intensification in hydrogenation and air oxidation processes

Hydrogenations and air oxidations usually have low apparent reaction rate,generally controlled by mass transfer rate,and widely exist in the modern chemical manufacturing process.The key to increase the mass transfer rate is the reduction of the liquid film resistance 1/kLa.In this work,the original concept of microinterface intensification for mass transfer and then for these reactions has been proposed.We derived the regulation model and set up the mathematical calculation method of micron-scale gas-liquid interface structure on mass transfer and reaction,designed the mechanical energy exchange device that can produce gas-liquid microinterface system on a large scale,and established the OMIS system which is able on line to measure the diameter and distribution of millions of microbubbles,interface area a and mass transfer film thicknessδM,as well as developed a series of microinterface intensified reactor systems(MIRs)for the applications of hydrogenation and air oxidation processes.It is believed that this research will provide an up-to-date development for the intensification of hydrogenation and air oxidation reactions.

Effects of Different Selenium Fertilizer Types on Selenium Content and Quality of "Lingfeng" Grapes

[Objectives]This study was conducted to choose a selenium-rich foliar fertilizer suitable for the selenium-rich fruit and vegetable industry in Guangxi.[Methods]With "Lingfeng" wine grapes as test materials,such four kinds of selenium fertilizers as "Jufu Selenium"(JF),"Taishan Weed Fertilizer"(TS),"Zhongnong No.6"(ZN) and "Kangxibao"(KX) were used as exogenous selenium for the experiment of selenium-enriched grapes.[Results]The selenium contents in the grape fruit applied with the selenium fertilizers increased by 1.2-16.8 times compared with the control (CK),and JF and ZN had a better selenium-enriching effect and produced the fruit having the selenium contents reaching 75.85 and 45.79 μg/kg,respectively.Spraying selenium fertilizers can improve some quality indexes of grapes in that spraying JF on the leaves can significantly increase the total sugar content of the grapes while reducing the total acid content and spraying ZN significantly improved the vitamin C content of the fruit.With the delay of harvesting,the selenium content,total sugar content and total acid content of the "Lingfeng" grape fruit decreased,while the grapes sprayed with ZN showed the total sugar content increased slightly and the total acid decreased greatly.[Conclusions]It is suggested that if you plan to harvest at the right time,you can use "Jufu Selenium" as the exogenous fertilizer for selenium-enriched grapes;and if you want to postpone harvesting,you can use "Zhongnong No.6" as the selenium fertilizer.

Molecular Detection of Main Diseases of Introduced Sugarcane in Guangxi

According to the quarantine procedures for sugarcane introduction, thirty-three sugarcane varieties/materials from the United States, Bangladesh, Thailand and some other countries were quarantined. The result showed that main diseases and pests that are concerned in quarantine were undiscovered. In addition, molecular detection results of Fiji disease and leaf scald disease were negative ; detection results of mosaic in six varleties/materials were positive; detection results of yellow leaf syndrome in eight varieties/materials were positive.

Drug-microbiota interactions: an emerging priority for precision medicine

Individual variability in drug response(IVDR)can be a major cause of adverse drug reactions(ADRs)and prolonged therapy,resulting in a substantial health and economic burden.Despite extensive research in pharmacogenomics regarding the impact of individual genetic background on pharmacokinetics(PK)and pharmacodynamics(PD),genetic diversity explains only a limited proportion of IVDR.The role of gut microbiota,also known as the second genome,and its metabolites in modulating therapeutic outcomes in human diseases have been highlighted by recent studies.Consequently,the burgeoning field of pharmacomicrobiomics aims to explore the correlation between microbiota variation and IVDR or ADRs.This review presents an up-to-date overview of the intricate interactions between gut microbiota and classical therapeutic agents for human systemic diseases,including cancer,cardiovascular diseases(CVDs),endocrine diseases,and others.We summarise how microbiota,directly and indirectly,modify the absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion(ADME)of drugs.Conversely,drugs can also modulate the composition and function of gut microbiota,leading to changes in microbial metabolism and immune response.We also discuss the practical challenges,strategies,and opportunities in this field,emphasizing the critical need to develop an innovative approach to multi-omics,integrate various data types,including human and microbiota genomic data,as well as translate lab data into clinical practice.To sum up,pharmacomicrobiomics represents a promising avenue to address IVDR and improve patient outcomes,and further research in this field is imperative to unlock its full potential for precision medicine.

Free radical scavenging activity of Eagle tea and their flavonoids

In this study,an online HPLC-DAD-MS coupled with 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt(A BTS)assay was employed for evaluating free radical scavenging activity of Eagle tea and their active components.Twenty-three chromatographic peaks were detected,and nineteen components had free radical scavenging activity.Among them,eight compounds were identified as flavonoids(hyperin,isoquercitrin,quercitrin,quercetin,kaempferol),catechins,chlorogenic acid and epicatechin based on MS data and standard chromatographic characters.

Programmable DNA-responsive microchip for the capture and release of circulating tumor cells by nucleic acid hybridization

The detection and analysis of circulating tumor cells （CTCs） from patients＇ blood is important to assess tumor status; however, it remains a challenge. In the present study, we developed a programmable DNA-responsive microchip for the highly efficient capture and nondestructive release of CTCs via nucleic acid hybridization. Transparent and patternable substrates with hierarchical architectures were integrated into the microchip with herringbone grooves, resulting in greatly enhanced cell-surface interaction via herringbone micromixers, more binding sites, and better matched topographical interactions. In combination with a high-affinity aptamer, target cancer cells were specifically and efficiently captured on the chip. Captured cancer cells were gently released from the chip under physiological conditions using toehold-mediated strand displacement, without any destructive factors for cells or substrates. More importantly, aptamercontaining DNA sequences on the surface of the retrieved cancer cells could be further amplified by polymerase chain reaction （PCR）, facilitating the detection of cell surface biomarkers and characterization of the CTCs. Furthermore, this system was extensively applied to the capture and release of CTCs from patients＇ blood samples, demonstrating a promising high-performance platform for CTC enrichment, release, and characterization.

Monitoring the secretion from single cells with temporal and spatial resolution

The secretion from cells plays a significant role in life activites and in the fields of neurobiology, cell biology, clinic, pathology, pharmacology ete. Thus to investigate the secretion at the single cell level with the developing methods is a frontiercross-discipline research activity. The contents, methods and new progress of this research have been reviewed by electrochemical monitoring combined with patch-clamp techniques, fluorescent detection and immunoassay, and the prospects on the frontier of the research area have been discussed.

Ammonium Impacts on Vibrations of Hydroxyl and Lattice of Phengite at High Temperature and High Pressure

Dehydration in hydrous phases of the downgoing slab controls water release processes in subduction zones. Interplay between volatiles in hydrous minerals has complicated the previous knowledge of their dehydration. Phengite is an essential mineral carrying both hydrogen and nitrogen to the deep Earth. To further understand the link between nitrogen and dehydration process of phengite at an atomic level, we here carry out high temperature and high pressure vibrational spectroscopic investigations on hydroxyl and lattice of ammonium-bearing and ammonium-free phengites. The results show that heating to 800 oC hardly influences hydroxyl bonding strength, whereas pressure induces strengthening of hydrogen bonding until 10 GPa. Moreover, hydrogen transits between the sites with increasing temperature and pressure. The lattice modes soften with increasing temperature and stiffen under compression. Ammonium has no effect on hydroxyl bonding strength, but hinders hydrogen transition at high temperatures and high pressures. Ammonium does not influence the lattice at high pressures either, but delays softening of the lattice at high temperatures. These data unveil behavior of hydroxyl and lattice in phengite at high temperature and high pressure, and also evaluate ammonium impacts, shedding new lights on dehydration processes of phengite during subduction.

The pentatricopeptide repeat protein EMB1270 interacts with CFM2 to splice specific group Ⅱ introns in Arabidopsis chloroplasts

Chloroplast biogenesis requires the coordinated expression of chloroplast and nuclear genes.Here, we show that EMB1270, a plastid-localized pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR) protein, is required for chloroplast biogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana.Knockout of EMB1270 led to embryo arrest,whereas a mild knockdown mutant of EMB1270 displayed a virescent phenotype. Almost no photosynthetic proteins accumulated in the albino emb1270 knockout mutant. By contrast, in the emb1270 knockdown mutant, the levels of ClpP1 and photosystem I(PSI) subunits were significantly reduced, whereas the levels of photosystem II(PSII) subunits were normal. Furthermore, the splicing efficiencies of the clpP1.2,ycf3.1, ndhA, and ndhB plastid introns were dramatically reduced in both emb1270 mutants. RNA immunoprecipitation revealed that EMB1270 associated with these introns in vivo. In an RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assay(REMSA), a truncated EMB1270 protein containing the 11 Nterminal PPR motifs bound to the predicted sequences of the clpP1.2, ycf3.1, and ndhA introns.In addition, EMB1270 specifically interacted with CRM Family Member 2(CFM2). Given that CFM2 is known to be required for splicing the same plastid RNAs, our results suggest that EMB1270 associates with CFM2 to facilitate the splicing of specific group II introns in Arabidopsis.

Lift the mystery veil on chlorophyllases

PhotosystemⅡ(PSⅡ)is a large membrane-protein complex that catalyzes the splitting of water into protons,electrons,and oxygen via harvesting light energy(Johnson,2016).The reaction center of PSⅡ,operating like an electron pump,is a special pair of chlorophyll a(Chi a),referred to as P680,bound to D1 and D2 subunits,each with its set of electron carriers.Upon absorption of light energy,P680 is excited and donates an electron to the neighboring pheophytin(Pheo),producing a pair of radicals(·P680+and·Pheo-),called charge separation.

A bibliometric analysis of 3D microfluidic chip in cancer

To the Editor:Cancer,as one of the foremost health challenges in the world today,has garnered significant attention from the medical and scientific communities.As an emerging technology,3D microfluidic chips have shown great potentials in the treatment of various diseases.Therefore,we aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the relevant literature on 3D microfluidic chips in cancer showcasing their current status,hotspots,and development trends.