Simultaneous multimaterial multimethod bioprinting

Bioprinting:a powerful tool to fabricate biomimetic tissues and organs Bioprinting is an important technology in the field of biofabrication that aims to create functional biomimetic structures.The flexibility,versatility and functionality of bioprinting enable the fabrication of intricate biological structures by combining cells,biomaterials or growth factors as printing bioinks[1,2].

Enhanced mixing efficiency for a novel 3D Tesla micromixer for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids

The fabrication of constructs with gradients for chemical,mechanical,or electrical composition is becoming critical to achieving more complex structures,particularly in 3D printing and biofabrication.This need is underscored by the complexity of in vivo tissues,which exhibit heterogeneous structures comprised of diverse cells and matrices.Drawing inspiration from the classical Tesla valve,our study introduces a new concept of micromixers to address this complexity.The innovative micromixer design is tailored to enhance the re-creation of in vivo tissue structures and demonstrates an advanced capability to efficiently mix both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids.Notably,our 3D Tesla valve micromixer achieves higher mixing efficiency with fewer cycles,which represents a significant improvement over the traditional mixing method.This advance is pivotal for the field of 3D printing and bioprinting,and offers a robust tool that could facilitate the development of gradient hydrogel-based constructs that could also accurately mimic the intricate heterogeneity of natural tissues.

Constructing biomimetic liver models through biomaterials and vasculature engineering

The occurrence of various liver diseases can lead to organ failure of the liver,which is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide.Liver tissue engineering see the potential for replacing liver transplantation and drug toxicity studies facing donor shortages.The basic elements in liver tissue engineering are cells and biomaterials.Both mature hepatocytes and differentiated stem cells can be used as themain source of cells to construct spheroids and organoids,achieving improved cell function.To mimic the extracellular matrix(ECM)environment,biomaterials need to be biocompatible and bioactive,which also help support cell proliferation and differentiation and allow ECM deposition and vascularized structures formation.In addition,advancedmanufacturing approaches are required to construct the extracellular microenvironment,and it has been proved that the structured three-dimensional culture system can help to improve the activity of hepatocytes and the characterization of specific proteins.In summary,we review biomaterials for liver tissue engineering,including natural hydrogels and synthetic polymers,and advanced processing techniques for building vascularized microenvironments,including bioassembly,bioprinting and microfluidic methods.We then summarize the application fields including transplant and regeneration,disease models and drug cytotoxicity analysis.In the end,we put the challenges and prospects of vascularized liver tissue engineering.