ICESat与ICESat-2应用进展与展望

近十年来,格陵兰和南极冰盖消融增速,两极地区显著变化。美国国家航空航天管理局(NASA)的冰、云和陆地高程卫星(ICESat)自2003年发射至2009年的在轨期间,用于定量分析冰盖和海冰的变化速率,并对这些变化的驱动机制进行检测与监测。ICESat在极地冰雪遥感应用等方面展示出了无可比拟的优势,对精确估算冰盖对海平面上升的年贡献、南北极海冰物质平衡量和计算全球生物总量具有重要的科学意义。冰、云和陆地高程卫星2号(ICESat-2)将在2015年发射,该卫星在ICESat的技术基础上,测高技术和精准度都有了很大的提高。本文评述了ICESat运行情况和应用优势,详尽地介绍了ICESat-2的任务目标、运行参数和技术改进,展望了其将来在极地科学的巨大应用前景。

伴有肠母细胞分化的胃癌临床病理特征

目的:伴有肠母细胞分化的胃癌(gastric cancer with enteroblastic differentiation,GCED)是一种新的胃癌类型。该肿瘤表达胚胎干细胞标志物为SALL4以及癌胚蛋白(AFP和GPC3)等。本研究旨在探讨GCED的临床病理学特征及其分子表型。方法:回顾性分析2013年3月至2017年3月浙江大学医学院附属第一医院就诊的胃部肠型腺癌337例,其中8例可诊断为GCED,患者均为老年人,其中男性6例,女性2例,年龄68～83岁,平均年龄为76.6岁。2例治疗前血清AFP≥200μg/L。收集相关临床资料,根据其组织病理学形态,采用免疫组织化学法分析免疫学表型,应用逆转录PCR(RT-PCR)方法检测SALL4基因。结果:显微镜下观察,所有病例均具有原始的肠样结构,由立方或柱状细胞组成,胞质透明、清晰,免疫组织化学法检测显示AFP和GPC3阳性,或SALL4阳性。RT-PCR检测结果显示SALL4基因mRNA的表达水平显著增高。随访1～5年,其中5例出现肝及其他脏器转移,2例死亡,1例无瘤生存。结论:GCED是一种罕见的侵袭性肠型腺癌,预后比普通肠型腺癌差,按照普通肠型腺癌的治疗方法效果甚微。其组织学上具有特征性的改变,熟悉其瘤谱及基因学特征有助于鉴别和诊断,有助于对原始标记物,制定如SALL4的靶向治疗方案。

抗新冠病毒候选药物发现的重要来源——茶叶

新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)引发的新冠肺炎(COVID-19)在全球范围内广泛传播,严重威胁人类的生命健康安全。茶叶作为一种药食同源的产品,其所含的多种成分具有阻止病毒入侵宿主细胞、抑制病毒复制、增强机体固有免疫和细胞免疫应答的活性,可能发挥抗新冠病毒作用。本文系统总结了绿茶、黄茶、白茶、乌龙茶、红茶、黑茶的成分与功效特征,系统综述了茶叶中的主要抗病毒活性成分,包括(-)-表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯,(-)-没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯,单宁酸,oolonghomobisflavan A,茶黄素和白毫银针黄酮等。其中,(-)-表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯有效抑制病毒入侵、复制,调节炎症内环境稳态,发挥抗病毒和免疫调节的双重作用,被认为是抗病毒潜在的抑制剂,该化合物作为抗SARS-CoV-2病毒有效的先导化合物,值得进一步研究开发。

The correlation between ultrasonographic findings and the Lysholm scores in knee osteoarthritis

Objective:To analyze the correlation between ultrasonographic findings and Lysholm scores in knee osteoarthritis.Methods:This cross-sectional observational study included 77 cases of knee osteoarthritis examined from February to December in 2015.There were 66 females and 11 males,with an average age of 57.39 (6.41) years,single or bilateral knee pain and limitation of mobility,and an average course of disease of 13.60 (3.00) months.Multiple regression equations were applied in a linear regression analysis to assess the correlation between ultrasound findings and Lysholm scores.Results:The ultrasonographic findings of joint effusion,synovial hypertrophy,protrusion of the medial meniscus (MMP),and inflammation of subpatellar fat pad were significantly correlated with the Lysholm scores (all P <.05).In contrast,there was no association between the ultrasonographic findings of Baker's cyst or patellar ligament lesion and the Lysholm scores (both P >.05).Conclusion:Musculoskeletal ultrasound can better detect the pathological changes of soft tissue in the knee,mainly including synovial hypertrophy,joint effusion,and MMP in comparison with those by plain radiology.After statistical analysis,it is indicated that ultrasonographic findings of synovial hypertrophy was possibly associated with joint locking,joint effusion with supporting,MMP with squatting,and inflammation of subpatellar fat pad with squatting and locking.

Baseline establishment for metals in the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone

Resource exploitation in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone(CCZ)is of major research interest worldwide,but its influence on the environment is poorly understood,especially due to the lack of baseline values for metals in the surrounding sediment.This work aimed to establish the baseline values of 17 metals(Ba,Ca,K,Mg,Mn,Na,Ag,As,B,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,Pb,and Zn)using normalization,the cumulative frequency curve method considering a total of 172 samples taken from 8 multitube cores and 1 box sediment core collected in the western CCZ during the COMRA-45 cruise campaign from August to September 2017.The baseline values of the evaluated metals were as follows:1932 mg/kg for Ba,29512 mg/kg for Ca,18150 mg/kg for K,17120 mg/kg for Mg,6747 mg/kg for Mn,28546 mg/kg for Na,0.571 mg/kg for Ag,5.00 mg/kg for As,94.4 mg/kg for B,0.626 mg/kg for Cd,104 mg/kg for Co,76.1 mg/kg for Cr,370 mg/kg for Cu,0.028 mg/kg for Hg,190 mg/kg for Ni,27.5 mg/kg for Pb and 156 mg/kg for Zn.Our findings would fill the baseline value gap in the study area and further improve accuracy of environmental impact assessments on the impact of resource exploitation.

Advances in Detection Methods of Koi Herpes Virus

Koi herpes virus is a new virus found in the aquaculture production of Cryprinus carpiod and common carp in recent years. Currently, virus isolation and identification is still the traditional method for the detection of Koi herpes virus, while molecular biology detection method has become the current developmental di- rection due to its characteristics of more sensitive, specific and rapid. Furthermore, people are still committed to exploring new detection methods for the detection of Koi herpes vires. In this paper, traditional and newly-developed detection methods of Koi herpes vires in recent years were summarized, in order to provide refer- ence for further exploring rapid and accurate diagnostic detection method.

Establishment and Application of the TaqMan Real-Time Fluorescence Quantitative PCR Detection Assay for Koi Herpes Virus

[ Objective ] This study aimed to establish a rapid and effective quarantine method of Koi herpes virus. [ Method] Primers and corresponding TaqMan probe were designed based on the conserved sequence of Koi herpes virus （KHV） pol-ymerase gene （Sph） to establish a rapid and effective fluorescence quantitative PCR method for Koi herpes virus detection. The cell cultures were detected by using the established fluorescence quantitative PCR assay, and the results were com- pared with that of conventional PCR. [ Result] The sensitivity of fluorescence quantitative PCR was higher than that of conventional PCR. The minimum copy num- ber that could be detected was 1.6 - 102 copies/p.1. The established method was adopted for sample detection, and a reliable diagnostic result could be obtained within 4 h. [Conclusion] The established method is rapid, sensitive, specific and repeatable, which is conducive to the rapid detection of Koi herpes virus. Key words Koi herpes virus; Fluorescence quantitative PCR; Detection

Circulating IgG antibody against FOXP3 may be a potential biomarker for lung cancer

Background: Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) has been found to be overexpressed by a range of cancer cells and correlated with prognosis of tumors. This finding raises the possibility that the development of anti-FOXP3 antibody test may be useful for clinical application. Objective: The present work was designed to test whether circulating autoantibody to FOXP3 was altered in lung cancer. Methods: 271 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 227 in control subjects matched in age, gender and smoking history were recruited. Circulating anti-FOXP3 IgG antibody was tested using an in-house enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Results: Student’s t-test showed that the levels of IgG autoantibody to FOXP3 were significantly higher in patients with NSCLC than control subjects (t = 7.67, P < 0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.70 (95% CI 0.65 - 0.75, SE ± 0.024), in which patients at stage 2 had the highest AUC of 0.75 (95%CI 0.67 - 0.81, SE ± 0.037), with a sensitivity of 31.4% against a specificity of 90.3%. Analysis of quality control samples gave an inter-assay deviation of 13.3% among 45 plates tested. Conclusions: Circulating IgG autoantibody to FOXP3 may be a potential biomarker for lung cancer.

High strength mullite-bond SiC porous ceramics fabricated by digital light processing

Fabricating SiC ceramics via the digital light processing(DLP)technology is of great challenge due to strong light absorption and high refractive index of deep-colored SiC powders,which highly differ from those of resin,and thus significantly affect the curing performance of the photosensitive SiC slurry.In this paper,a thin silicon oxide(SiO_(2))layer was in-situ formed on the surface of SiC powders by pre-oxidation treatment.This method was proven to effectively improve the curing ability of SiC slurry.The SiC photosensitive slurry was fabricated with solid content of 55 vol%and viscosity of 7.77 Pa·s(shear rate of 30 s^(−1)).The curing thickness was 50μm with exposure time of only 5 s.Then,a well-designed sintering additive was added to completely convert low-strength SiO_(2) into mullite reinforcement during sintering.Complexshaped mullite-bond SiC ceramics were successfully fabricated.The flexural strength of SiC ceramics sintered at 1550℃in air reached 97.6 MPa with porosity of 39.2 vol%,as high as those prepared by spark plasma sintering(SPS)techniques.

Synthesis and electromagnetic wave absorption performances of a novel(Mo_(0.25)Cr_(0.25)Ti_(0.25)V_(0.25))_(3)AlC_(2)high-entropy MAX phase

Herein,a novel kind of high-entropy MAX phases,(Mo_(0.25)Cr_(0.25)Ti_(0.25)V_(0.25))_(3)AlC_(2)powders were success-fully synthesized by a newly proposed two-step solid state reaction process.The oxidation experiments demonstrate that the oxidation products of Al_(2)Mo_(3)O_(12) and rutile TiO 2 are formed at about 600 and 800℃,respectively.Besides,the dielectric and electromagnetic(EM)wave absorption properties of(Mo_(0.25)Cr_(0.25)Ti_(0.25)V_(0.25))_(3)AlC_(2)powders and those after oxidation at different temperatures were also exam-ined.The results show that the as-synthesized(Mo_(0.25)Cr_(0.25)Ti_(0.25)V_(0.25))_(3)AlC_(2)powders possess excellent EM wave absorption performances with the minimum reflection loss(RL)of-45.80 dB(at 1.7 mm thickness)and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth(E AB)of 3.6 GHz(at 1.5 mm thickness).After oxidation at 400-800℃,due to the coupling of conductivity loss and polarization loss,(Mo_(0.25)Cr_(0.25)Ti_(0.25)V_(0.25))_(3)AlC_(2)powders can retain good EM wave absorption properties in a certain frequency range.In this paper,the effects of oxidation on EM wave absorption properties of high-entropy MAX phases were systematically investigated for the first time.This work manifests that high-entropy MAX phases are promising EM wave absorbing candidates and can maintain good EM wave absorption performances after oxidation.

Light-responsive organic artificial enzymes:Material designs and bio-applications

As significant biocatalysts,natural enzymes have exhibited a vast range of applications in biocatalytic reactions.However,the“always-on”natural enzyme activity is not beneficial for the regulation of catalytic processes,which limits their bio-applications.Recently,it has been extensively reported that various organic artificial enzymes exhibit prominent absorption and controlled activity under illumination,which not only creates a series of light-responsive catalytic platforms but also plays a key role in biosensing and biomedical research.To provide novel ideas for the design of artificial enzymes,we conduct this review to highlight the recent progress of light-responsive organic artificial enzymes(LOA-Enz).The specific photoresponse mechanism and various bio-applications of LOA-Enz are also presented in detail.Furthermore,the remaining challenges and future perspectives in this field are discussed.

MiR-139-5p inhibits migration and invasion of colorectal cancer by downregulating AMFR and NOTCH1

MicroRNAs （miRNAs） that exert function by posttran- scriptional suppression have recently brought insight in our understanding of the role of non.protein-coding RNAs in carcinogenesis and metastasis. In this study, we described the function and molecular mechanism of miR-139-5p in colorectal cancer （CRC） and its potential clinical application in CRC. We found that miR-139-5p was significantly downregulated in 73.8% CRC samples compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues （NCTs）, and decreased miR-139-5p was associated with poor prognosis. Functional analyses demonstrated that ectopic expression of miR-139-5p suppressed CRC cell migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistic investigations revealed that miR-139-5p suppress CRC cell invasion and metastasis by targeting AMFR and NOTCH1. Knockdown of the two genes phe- nocopied the inhibitory effect of miR-139-5p on CRC metastasis. Furthermore, the protein levels of the two genes were upregulated in CRC samples compared with NCTs, and inversely correlated with the miR-139-5p expression. Increased NOTCH1 protein expression was correlated with poor prognosis of CRC patients. Together, our data indicate that miR-139-5p is a potentialtumor suppressor and prognostic factor for CRC, and targeting miR-139-5p may repress the metastasis of CRC and improve survival.

Synthetic damage effect assessment through evidential reasoning approach and neural fuzzy inference:Application in ship target

The damage effect assessment of anti-ship missiles combines system science and weapon science,which can provide reference for the assessment of battlefield damage situation.In order to solve the difficulty of heterogeneous data aggregation and the difficulty in constructing the mapping between factors and damage effect,this paper analyzes the specific damage process of the anti-ship missile to the ship,and proposes a synthetic Evidential Reasoning(ER)–Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS)to assess the damage effect.To solve the problem of fuzziness and uncertainty of criteria in the assessment process,the belief structure model is used to transform qualitative and quantitative information into a unified mathematical structure,and ER algorithm is used to fuse the information of lower-level criteria.In order to solve the problem of fuzziness and uncertainty of the information contained in the first-level variables,and the strong non-linear characteristics of the mapping between first-level variables and damage effect,the ANFIS with selfadaptation and self-learning is constructed.The map between the three first-level variables and damage effect is established,and the interaction process of the various factors in the damage effect assessment are clear.Sensitivity analysis shows that assessment model has good stability.The result analysis and comparative analysis show that the process proposed in this paper can effectively assess the damage effect of anti-ship missiles,and all criteria data are objective and comparable.

D-A-D structured selenadiazolesbenzothiadiazole-based near-infrared dye for enhanced photoacoustic imaging and photothermal cancer therapy

Near-infrared(NIR)small molecular organic dyes as photothermal agents for cancer photothermal therapy(PTT)have attracted considerable research attention.Herein,two donor-acceptor-donor(D-A-D)structured NIR dyes,BBTT and SeBTT,are rationally designed,where the only difference is one heteroatom within the acceptor unit varying from sulfur to selenium(Se).More importantly,SeBTT NPs exhibit stronger NIR absorbance and higher photothermal conversion efficiency(PTCE≈65.3%).In vivo experiments illustrate that SeBTT NPs can be utilized as a high contrast photoacoustic imaging(PAI)agent,and succeed in tumor suppression without noticeable damage to main organs under NIR photoirradiation.This study presents an effective molecular heteroatom surgery strategy to regulate the photothermal properties of NIR small molecules for enhanced PAI and PTT.

Warhead power assessment based on double hierarchy hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets theory and gained and lost dominance score method

Warhead power assessment of the anti-ship missile plays a vital role in determining the optimal design of missile, thus having important strategic research significance. However, in the assessment process, expert’s judgement will directly affect the assessment accuracy. In addition,there are many criteria involved in the missile design alternatives. Some criteria with poor performance may be compensated by other criteria with excellent performance, and then it is impossible to find the truly optimal alternative. Aimed at solving these problems, this paper proposes a synthetical assessment process based on fuzzy hesitant linguistic term set and the Gained and Lost Dominance Score(GLDS) method. In order to improve the assessment accuracy of experts and solve the problem that experts generate different opinions, combined with the advantages of fuzzy hesitant sets and linguistic term sets, the double hierarchy hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets are used in this paper to improve the accuracy of expert’s judgement. In order to effectively combine expert’s experience with the data of criteria, the evidence theory and entropy weight method are used to transfer the expert’s judgement to the weight. In order to avoid selecting defective alternative of missile design, the GLDS is used to fuse expert information and criteria information. Sensitivity analysis shows that the assessment process has sensitivity to some extent. However, when the fluctuation of expert’s assessment makes the fluctuation of θ in the range of-5% to 5%, the impact on the results is not quite conspicuous. The analysis of calculation result and comparative analysis show that the assessment process proposed in this paper is accurate enough, has great advantage in selecting the current and potential optimal alternative of missile design, and avoids the alternatives with low criteria performance that cannot be compensated by other criteria being selected.

Diketopyrrolopyrrole-derived organic small molecular dyes for tumor phototheranostics

Cancer is one of the leading causes of human death around the world. Phototherapy, including photodynamic therapy(PDT) and photothermal therapy(PTT), is an emerging light-triggered cancer treatment and shows the advantages of non-invasiveness and low side effects. The design and preparation of efficient phototherapeutic agents are of great significance for phototherapy. Diketopyrrolopyrrole(DPP) is a small molecular organic dye featuring outstanding photophysical properties, facile tuning of structures and properties, and excellent photostability;thus, phototherapeutic agents based on organic small molecular DPP derivatives have attracted significant research attention for not only phototherapy but also photodiagnosis of fluorescence imaging(FLI) and photoacoustic imaging(PAI). This review summarizes the recent progress of various DPP-based organic small molecules on phototheranostics during the last five years. The molecular structure design and their phototheranostics performances are discussed in detail,as will be of great help for further creation of DPP-based phototheranostics.

Boron difluoride formazanate dye for high-efficiency NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence imaging-guided cancer photothermal therapy

The small molecular second near-infrared(NIR-Ⅱ, 1000–1700 nm) dye-based nanotheranostics can concurrently combine deep-tissue photodiagnosis with in situ phototherapy, which occupies a vital position in the early detection and precise treatment of tumors. However, the development of small molecular NIR-Ⅱ dyes is still challenging due to the limited electron acceptors and cumbersome synthetic routes.Herein, we report a novel molecular electron acceptor, boron difluoride formazanate(BDF). Based on BDF, a new small molecular NIR-Ⅱ dye BDF1005 is designed and synthesized with strong NIR-I absorption at 768 nm and bright NIR-Ⅱ peak emission at 1034 nm. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that BDF1005-based nanotheranostics can be applied for NIR-Ⅱ fluorescence imaging-guided photothermal therapy of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. Under 808 nm laser irradiation, tumor growth can be effectively inhibited. This work opens up a new road for the exploitation of NIR-Ⅱ small molecular dyes for cancer phototheranostics.

The Newly Discovered Yanchang Gas Field in the Ordos Basin, Central China

The Yanchang gas field is located in the Ordos Basin of central China to the southeast of the Yishan Slope, covers an exploration area of 2.6× 10~4 km^2 and has approximately 3.5× 10^（11） m^3 of gas reserves. The gas field is dominated by lithologic gas reservoirs but also has a few structural gas reservoirs. Sand bodies were deposited in the Carboniferous Benxi Formation around offshore barrier islands and in distributary channel fillings in the delta front of the P_1s_2 and P_1s_1 divisions of the Permian Shanxi Formation. The P_2h_8 division of the Shihezi Formation contains the main reservoirs. The depths of the reservoirs are between 1 970 and 3 500 m. The Yanchang gas field can be classified as a typical tight sandstone gas reservoir filed because its porosity is lower than 10% and permeability lower than 1 mD. The discovery and development of the Yanchang gas field has led to a great increase in total natural gas reserves in the Ordos Basin. Its exploration has improved methods of locating large gas fields in deep-water depositional environments in the south part of the basin.

Dual solidification mechanisms of liquid ternary Fe-Cu-Sn alloy

Liquid ternary Fe 47.5 Cu 47.5 Sn 5 alloy displayed dual solidification mechanisms when it was undercooled by up to 329 K(0.19T L).Below a critical undercooling of about 196 K,it solidified just like a normal peritectic alloy,even though metastable phase separation occurred to a microscopic extent.Once bulk undercooling exceeds 196 K,macroscopic segregation played a dominant role in solidification.In both cases,the solidification process was always characterized by two successive peritectic transformations:firstly primary Fe dendrites reacted with liquid phase to form(Cu) phase,and subsequently the(Cu) phase reacted with residual liquid phase to yield-Cu 5.6 Sn intermetallic compound.The primary Fe dendrites achieved a maximum growth velocity of 400 mm/s and experienced a growth kinetics transition as a result of macrosegregation.Since the(Cu) phase was both the product phase of the first peritectic transformation and also the reactant phase for the second peritectic transformation,it appeared as two layers in solidification microstructures due to the microsegregation of Sn solute.The boundary continuity between the macroscopically separated Fe-rich and Cu-rich zones was enhanced with the increase of undercooling.