Clinical effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy on alcoholdependent patients:an observation with the WeChat platform

Background With the continuous improvement of people's material living standards,the consumption of alcoholic beverages is increasing.Alcohol dependence caused by alcohol addiction has become a widespread concern in society.As the brand-new medical and health model created by the modern biomedical technology revolution and the information technology revolution,mobile health has been used more and more widely in the field of medical health with the characteristics of convenience,rapidity and generalisability.With the general use of the social software WeChat,it is feasible to implement mobile health on the WeChat platform.Aim We aimed to explore the clinical effect of WeChat platform used in the cognitive behavioural therapy(CBT)on the maintenance period of alcohol dependence and addiction.Methods Seventy alcohol-dependent patients in the withdrawal maintenance stage admitted into our hospital were randomly divided into the CBT on WeChat platform group(the experiment group,n=35)and the general clinical treatment using sertraline group(the control group,n=35)with block randomisation grouping.They were evaluated with the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire(SADQ-C)before the treatment,at the end of the fourth week,at the end of the eighth week and at the end of the twelfth week of treatment.In addition,Zung's Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)were employed to evaluate the degree of anxiety and depression of the two groups.Results The SADQ-C,SAS and SDS scores of the two groups after treatment decreased markedly compared with those before treatments,and the differences were statistically significant.Between-group comparison:the SADQ-C scores of the experiment group at the end of the fourth,eighth and twelfth weeks were lower than those of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant,which indicated that the score reduction in the experiment group was larger than that in the control group.The SAS and SDS scores of the experiment group at these time points were not significantly different from those of the control group,which indicated that these two treatment methods were comparable in treating patients1 anxiety and depression.Conclusion The CBT in tervention using WeChat may improve the subjectively reported severity of alcohol dependence of patients who had completed detoxification.It is conducive to prevention of relapse,and is convenient for patients.It is worthy of clinical application and further study.

State of Science:Why Does Rework Occur in Construction?What Are Its Consequences?And What Can be Done to Mitigate Its Occurrence?

There has been a wealth of research that has examined the nature of rework in construction.Progress toward addressing the rework problem has been limited-it still plagues practice,adversely impacting a project’s performance.Almost all rework studies have focused on determining its proximal or root causes and therefore have overlooked the conditions that result from its manifestation.In filling this void,this paper draws upon our previous empirical studies,amongst others,to provide a much-needed theoretical framing to understand better why rework occurs,what its consequences are,and how it can be mitigated during construction.The theoretical framing we derive from our review provides construction organizations and their projects with a realization that the journey to mitigating rework begins with creating an error-mastery culture comprising authentic leadership,psychological safety,an errormanagement orientation,and resilience.We suggest that,once an error-mastery culture is established within construction organizations and their projects,they will be better positioned to realize the benefits of the techniques,tools,and technologies espoused to address rework,such as the Last Planner® and building information modeling.We also provide directions for future research and identify implications for practice so that strides toward rework mitigation in construction can be made.

Benefits Realization Management of Computer Vision in Construction:A Missed,Yet Not Lost,Opportunity

1.Introduction While the applications of computer visions are varied in construction,research has tended to focus on measuring the accuracy of object detectors such as faster region-based-convolution neural networks(Faster R-CNN)and single shot detector algorithms(SDD)[1].Limited,if any,attention has focused on determining the benefits of such technology in construction beyond the claims that it can help detect problems quickly and accurately.Reinforcing this point are the numerous review papers that have frequented the literature[2,3].

Adversarial attacks and defenses in physiological computing:a systematic review

Physiological computing uses human physiological data as system inputs in real time.It includes,or significantly overlaps with,brain-computer interfaces,affective computing,adaptive automation,health informatics,and physiological signal based biometrics.Physiological computing increases the communication bandwidth from the user to the computer,but is also subject to various types of adversarial attacks,in which the attacker deliberately manipulates the training and/or test examples to hijack the machine learning algorithm output,leading to possible user confusion,frustration,injury,or even death.However,the vulnerability of physiological computing systems has not been paid enough attention to,and there does not exist a comprehensive review on adversarial attacks to them.This study fills this gap,by providing a systematic review on the main research areas of physiological computing,different types of adversarial attacks and their applications to physiological computing,and the corresponding defense strategies.We hope this review will attract more research interests on the vulnerability of physiological computing systems,and more importantly,defense strategies to make them more secure.