Study on Ni/C catalysts for vapor phase carbonylation of ethanol

Activated carbon-supported Ni catalysts for vapor phase carbonylation of ethanol to propionic acid in the presence of ethyl iodide as promoter were investigated. Under optimum reaction conditions, the conversions of carbon monoxide and ethanol were measured to be 81.4% and 98.4%, respectively, while the selectivity for propionic acid was found to be 98.65%. The catalyst was stable within 48 h on stream. XRD and XPS methods were used to characterize the structures and surface properties of the fresh and tested catalysts. The characterization results indicated that aggregation of nickel particles and formation of nickel iodide on the catalyst surface should be responsible for the deactivation of the catalysts.

Effect of preparation methods of aluminum emulsions on catalytic performance of copper-based catalysts for methanol synthesis from syngas

Various Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts have been synthesized by different aluminum emulsions as aluminum sources and their pertormances tor methanol synthesis from syngas have been investigated. The influences of preparation methods of aluminum emulsions on physicochemical and catalytic properties of catalysts were studied by XRD, SEM, XPS,N2 adsorption-desorption techniques and methanol synthesis from syngas. The preparation methods of aluminum emulsions were found to influence the catalytic activity, CuO crystallite size, surface area and Cu0 surface area and reduction process. The results show that the catalyst CN using the aluminum source prepared by addition the ammonia into the aluminum nitrate （NP） exhibited the best catalytic performance for methanol synthesis from syngas.

Potassium-decorated active carbon supported Co-Mo-based catalyst for water-gas shift reaction

The effect of potassium-decoration was studied on the activity of water-gas shift （WGS） reaction over the Co-Mo-based catalysts supported on active carbon （AC）, which was prepared by incipient wetness co-impregnation method. The decoration of potassium on active carbon in advance enhances the activities of the CoMo-K/AC catalysts for WGS reaction. Highest activity （about 92% conversion） was obtained at 250 ？ C for the catalyst with an optimum K 2 O/AC weight ratio in the range from 0.12 to 0.15. The catalysts were characterized by TPR and EPR, and the results show that activated carbon decorated with potassium makes Co-Mo species highly dispersed, and thus easily reduced and sulfurized. XRD results show that an appropriate content of potassium-decoration on active carbon supports may favors the formation of highly dispersed Co 9 S 8 -type structures which are situated on the edge or a site in contact with MoS 2 , K-Mo-O-S, Mo-S-K phase. Those active species are responsible for the high activity of CoMo-K/AC catalysts.

Visbreaking of heavy petroleum oil catalyzed by SO_(4)^(2-)/ZrO_(2)solid super-acid doped with Ni^(2+) or Sn^(2+)

SO_(4)^(2-)/ZrO_(2) solid super-acid catalysts(SZ)doped with Ni^(2+)or Sn^(2+)(Ni^(2+)/SZ,Sn^(2+)/SZ)were prepared for catalytic visbreaking of heavy petroleum oil from Shengli oil field.The visbreaking reactions were carried out at 240uC and 3–4 MPa for 24 h using a heavy petroleum oil to catalyst mass ratio of 100:0.05.The effect of water content on viscosity of heavy petroleum oil was also investigated.Both catalysts can promote thermolysis of heavy petroleum oil and the viscosity was reduced from 0.319 Pa·s to 0.135 Pa?s for Ni^(2+)/SZ and 0.163 Pa·s for(Sn^(2+)/SZ)with visbreaking rates of 57.7% and 48.9%,respectively.After visbreaking,the saturated hydrocarbon content increased while aromatics,resin,asphaltene,sulfur and nitrogen content decreased.The presence of water was disadvantageous to visbreaking of heavy petroleum oil.