The research progress of an E//B neutral particle analyzer

An E//B neutral particle analyzer(NPA)has been designed and is under development at Sichuan University and Southwestern Institute of Physics.The main purpose of the E//B NPA is to measure the distribution function of fast ions in the HL-2A/3 tokamak.The E//B NPA contains three main units,i.e.the stripping unit,the analyzing unit and the detection unit.A gas stripping chamber was adopted as the stripping unit.The results of the simulations and beam tests for the stripping chamber are presented.Parallel electric and magnetic fields provided by a NdFeB permanent magnet and two parallel electric plates were designed and constructed for the analyzing unit.The calibration of the magnetic and electric fields was performed using a 50 kV electron cyclotron resonance ion source(ECRIS)platform.The detection unit consists of 32lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate(LYSO)detector modules arranged in two rows.The response functions ofα,hydrogen ions(H^(+),H_(2)^(+)and H_(3)^(+))andγfor a detector module were measured with^(241)Am,^(137)Cs and^(152)Eu sources together with the 50 kV ECRIS platform.The overall results indicate that the designed E//B NPA device is capable of measuring the intensity of neutral hydrogen and deuteron atoms with energy higher than 20 keV.

Design of the stripping unit and the electromagnetic analysis unit for the E//B NPA on HL-2A/2M tokamak

An E//B neutral particle analyzer is under development for fast ion diagnosis on HL-2A/2 M tokamak.The stripping unit is composed of a stripping room(equipped with two differential tubes and a gas supply bellows),a vacuum chamber and a vacuum pumping system.The stripping efficiency of the stripping room is calculated in the form of global efficiency R×f_(+1),where R is the non-scattered-away rate and f_(+1)is the fraction of charge state+1.The magnetic field of the E//B analyzer is produced with a permanent magnet.The yoke and the poles of the magnet are made of mild steel and the magnet plates are made of Nd Fe B.The magnetic poles are specially designed to focus the ion trajectories and to increase the use rate of the magnet.The shape of the magnet and the electric plates are carefully designed so that the ions are dispersed into two lines of H^(+) and D^(+) on the detector plane.For each line,the energy increases from 10 to 200 ke V from one side to another.

Histone demethylase Kdm5c regulates osteogenesis and bone formation via PI3K/Akt/HIF1α and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways

Fractures have an extraordinarily negative impact on individuals'quality of life and functional status.Nonunion or disability of fracture is a major health issue with important clinical,social,and economic implications.1 Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)play an indispensable role in the initiation of the fracture repair process including the formation of a callus which is replaced by new bone.The use of MSCs in the treatment of fractures is very attractive as they can reduce the time of healing and occurrence of nonunion.

CEPC Technical Design Report

The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by China,fostered through extensive collaboration with international partners.The complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs factory.In its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs bosons.Increasing the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of magnitude.This Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering aspects.Additionally,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection procedures.Construction is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 years.The commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.

Determining the nuclear temperature dependence on source neutron-proton asymmetry in heavy-ion reactions at intermediate energy

In this article,we investigate the dependence of nuclear temperature on emitting source neutron-proton(N/Z)asymmetry with light charged particles(LCPs)and intermediate mass fragments(IMFs)generated from intermediate-velocity sources in thirteen reaction systems with different N/Z asymmetries,^(64)Zn on^(112)Sn,and^(70)Zn,^(64)Ni on^(112,124)Sn,^(58,64)Ni,^(197)Au,and^(232)Th at 40 MeV/nucleon.The apparent temperature values of LCPs and IMFs from different systems are deduced from the measured yields using two helium-related and eight carbon-related double isotope ratio thermometers,respectively.Then,the sequential decay effect on the experimental apparent temperature deduction with the double isotope ratio thermometers is quantitatively corrected explicitly with the aid of the quantum statistical model.The present treatment is an improvement compared to our previous studies in which an indirect method was adopted to qualitatively consider the sequential decay effect.A negligible N/Z asymmetry dependence of the real temperature after the correction is quantitatively addressed in heavy-ion reactions at the present intermediate energy,where a change of o.1 units in source N/Z asymmetry corresponds to an absolute change in temperature of an order of 0.03 to 0.29 MeV on average for LCPs and IMFs.This conclusion is in close agreement with that inferred qualitatively via the indirect method in our previous studies.