An improved method,suitable for collecting nitrate from surface waters in the watershed for 15 N isotope tracing analysis,was developed on the basis of the anion exchange coupled with diffusion through systematic simu...An improved method,suitable for collecting nitrate from surface waters in the watershed for 15 N isotope tracing analysis,was developed on the basis of the anion exchange coupled with diffusion through systematic simulation and comparison experiments.The results showed that the nitrate could be separated and enriched from the waters efficiently by using the improved method.Being simple and practical in operation principle and procedures,cost-economic,and highly efficient in nitrate separation/enrichment,the method met the requirements of δ 15 N mass spectrum analysis and would lay a foundation for the application of 15 N isotope tracing approach to the research on non-point source pollution in watershed.展开更多
In February 2019,a month-long persistent precipitation event occurred in the Yangtze–Huaihe River basin.The geopotential height field that affected the duration of this frontal rainfall was divided into a high-latitu...In February 2019,a month-long persistent precipitation event occurred in the Yangtze–Huaihe River basin.The geopotential height field that affected the duration of this frontal rainfall was divided into a high-latitude part and a lowlatitude part for analysis.In the high-latitude part,a two-wave structure led to quasi-stationary circulation,and the change of both the blocking high pressure and Arctic Oscillation phase caused cold air to invade South China continuously and changed the frontal position.In mid-to-low latitudes,the persistent precipitation showed quasi-biweekly oscillation characteristics.The so-called“subtropical high–precipitation–anticyclone”(SHPA)feedback mechanism blocked the circulation systems in the mid-to-low latitudes and provided a continuous supply of water vapor for precipitation.As for the effect of sea surface temperature,the western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone stimulated by El Niño strengthened the intensity of the southerly wind and provided support for the redevelopment of the anticyclone system in the SHPA feedback mechanism.The sea surface temperature anomaly in the South China Sea provided sensible heating for precipitation,and convergent rising airflow was conducive to the occurrence of precipitation.Additionally,the SHPA mechanism provides a reliable basis for the prediction of persistent precipitation in winter in the mid-to-low latitudes.展开更多
Background Perforating artery territorial infarction(PAI)caused by branch atheromatous disease(BAD)is prone to recurrence and early progression without an effective and well-documented antiplatelet treatment regimen.T...Background Perforating artery territorial infarction(PAI)caused by branch atheromatous disease(BAD)is prone to recurrence and early progression without an effective and well-documented antiplatelet treatment regimen.Tirofiban,an adjunctive antiplatelet agent,has shown great potential to treat acute ischaemic stroke.However,whether the combination of tirofiban and aspirin can improve the prognosis of PAI remains unclear.Aim To explore an effective and safe antiplatelet regimen for reducing the risk of recurrence and early neurological deterioration(END)in PAI caused by BAD by comparing the tirofiban and aspirin combination with placebo and aspirin combination.Methods Tirofiban combined with Aspirin in the Treatment of Acute Penetrating Artery Territory Infarction(STRATEGY)trial is an ongoing multicentre,randomised,placebo-controlled trial in China.Eligible patients shall be randomly assigned to receive standard aspirin with tirofiban or placebo on the first day and standard aspirin from days 2 to 90.The primary endpoint is a new stroke or END within 90 days.The primary safety endpoint is severe or moderate bleeding within 90 days.Discussion The STRATEGY trial will assess whether tirofiban combined with aspirin is effective and safe in preventing recurrence and END in patients with PAI.Trial registration number NCT05310968.展开更多
To the Editor:Mineral supplements are usually regarded as compounds crucial to promoting overall health status and longevity.Systemic mineral status has been demonstrated to be associated with life expectancy in many ...To the Editor:Mineral supplements are usually regarded as compounds crucial to promoting overall health status and longevity.Systemic mineral status has been demonstrated to be associated with life expectancy in many observational studies,while the causal effects of mineral status on life expectancy have not yet been systematically elucidated.In this study,we investigated the causal effects of six minerals(calcium,magnesium,iron,copper,zinc,and selenium)on life expectancy with large-scale genomewide association study(GWAS)summary data using twosample Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis.展开更多
Background It remains unclear if intensive antiplatelet and statin treatments begun within 24-72 hours of cerebral ischaemic events from intracranial or extracranial atherosclerosis is effective or safe.Methods The In...Background It remains unclear if intensive antiplatelet and statin treatments begun within 24-72 hours of cerebral ischaemic events from intracranial or extracranial atherosclerosis is effective or safe.Methods The Intensive Statin and Antiplatelet Therapy for High-risk Intracranial or Extracranial Atherosclerosis(INSPIRES)trial is a randomised,double-blind,placebo-controlled,multicentre and 2×2 factorial trial.6100 individuals between the ages of 35 and 80 who have experienced a mild ischaemic stroke or high-risk transient ischaemic attack(TIA)within the previous 72 hours that is attributed to≥50%atherosclerotic stenosis of a major intracranial or extracranial artery or multiple infarctions of atherosclerotic origin will be enrolled in the trial.Eligible subjects will be randomised 1:1:1:1 to one of four groups:(1)intensive antiplatelet therapy(combined clopidogrel and aspirin for days 1-21,then aspirin placebo and clopidogrel for days 22-90)plus immediate intensive statin therapy(atorvastatin at a dose of 80 mg daily for the first 21 days,then 40 mg daily for days 22-90);(2)intensive antiplatelet therapy plus delayed intensive statin therapy(atorvastatin placebo for days 1-3,followed by 40 mg per day of atorvastatin for days 4-90);(3)standard antiplatelet therapy(combination of clopidogrel placebo with aspirin for 90 days)plus immediate intensive statin therapy and(4)standard antiplatelet therapy plus delayed intensive statin therapy.The primary efficacy endpoint is any new stroke(ischaemic or haemorrhagic)within 90 days after randomisation.The primary safety endpoint is moderate to severe bleeding at 90 days.Conclusion The INSPIRES trial will assess the efficacy and safety of intensive antiplatelet therapy and immediate intensive statin therapy begun within 72 hours of onset in decreasing the recurrent stroke at 90 days in patients with acute mild ischaemic stroke or high-risk TIA of intracranial or extracranial atherosclerosis origin.展开更多
Aim Stroke is the leading cause of disability and death in China.Ischaemic stroke accounts for about 60%-80%of all strokes.It is of considerable significance to carry out multidimensional management of ischaemic cereb...Aim Stroke is the leading cause of disability and death in China.Ischaemic stroke accounts for about 60%-80%of all strokes.It is of considerable significance to carry out multidimensional management of ischaemic cerebrovascular diseases.This evidence-based guideline aims to provide the latest detailed and comprehensive recommendations on the diagnosis,treatment and secondary prevention of ischaemic cerebrovascular diseases.Methods We had performed comprehensive searches of MEDLINE(via PubMed)(before 30 June 2019),and integrated the relevant information into charts and distributed to the writing group.Writing group members discussed and determined the recommendations through teleconference.We used the level of evidence grading algorithm of Chinese Stroke Association to grade each recommendation.The draft was reviewed by the Guideline Writing Committee of Chinese Stroke Association Stroke and finalised.This guideline is fully updated every 3 years.results This evidence-based guideline is based on the treatment,care and prevention of ischaemic cerebrovascular diseases,which emphasises on pathogenesis evaluation,intravenous thrombolysis,endovascular therapy,antiplatelet therapy,prevention and treatment of complications,and risk factor management.Conclusions This updated guideline presents a framework for the management of ischaemic cerebrovascular diseases.Timely first-aid measures,professional care in the acute stage,and proactive secondary prevention will be helpful to patients.展开更多
Background and purpose Transient ischaemic attack(TIA),transient symptoms with infarction(TSI)and diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)-negative acute ischaemic stroke(AIS)share similar aetiologies but are considered to hav...Background and purpose Transient ischaemic attack(TIA),transient symptoms with infarction(TSI)and diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)-negative acute ischaemic stroke(AIS)share similar aetiologies but are considered to have a rather benign prognosis.We intended to investigate the association between intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis(ICAS),extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis(ECAS)and the prognosis of patients with TIA,TSI and DWI-negative AIS.Methods Clinical and imaging data of eligible participants were derived from the Chinese Intracranial Atherosclerosis study,according to symptom duration,acute infarction on DWI and discharge diagnosis.Based on the severity and location of arterial atherosclerosis,we categorised the study population into four groups:no or<50% ICAS and no ECAS;≥50% ICAS but no ECAS;no or<50%ICAS with ECAS;and concurrent≥50% ICAS and ECAS.Using multivariable Cox regression models,we analysed the relationship between the severity and distribution of large artery atherosclerosis and the prognosis of TIA,TSI and DWI-negative AIS.Results A total of 806 patients were included,67.3% of whom were male.The median age of the study participants was 63 years.Patients in the concurrent≥50% ICAS and ECAS subgroup had both a significantly higher 1-year recurrence rate(adjusted HR 3.4(95%CI 1.15 to 10.04),p=0.027)and a higher risk of composite vascular events(adjusted HR 3.82(95%CI 1.50 to 9.72),p=0.005).Conclusions Concurrent ICAS and ECAS is associated with a higher possibility of 1-year recurrent stroke or composite vascular events.Large artery evaluation is necessary to assess patients with transient ischaemic symptoms or DWI-negative AIS.Progress in shortening the time interval between symptom onset and large vessel evaluation is needed.展开更多
To assess targeting of an epothilone folate conjugate(BMS-753493) to the folate receptor(FR)-overexpressed tumor in mice bearing both FRt and FR– tumors,a series of experiments were conducted by quantitative whole-bo...To assess targeting of an epothilone folate conjugate(BMS-753493) to the folate receptor(FR)-overexpressed tumor in mice bearing both FRt and FR– tumors,a series of experiments were conducted by quantitative whole-body autoradiography(QWBA) and LC–MS/MS following i.v.administration of BMS-753493 or its active moiety,BMS-748285 in mice bearing FRt(98M109) and FR–(M109) tumors.QWBA showed [3H]BMS-753493–derived radioactivity was extensively distributed to various tissues.The FR over-expressing 98M109 tumors showed consistently higher level of radioactivity than FR-negative tumors(i.e.,M109 tumors) up to 48 h post dose of [3H]BMS-753493,despite the magnitude of difference between the tumors is relatively small(generally 3 5-fold).The radioactivity level in 98M109 tumors was 2 12-fold of normal tissues except intestine/content at 48 h post dose.No selective radioactivity uptake into 98M109 tumors over M109 or normal tissues was observed after i.v.administration of the active epothilone,[3H]BMS-748285.LC–MS/MS measurements demonstrated that the concentrations of BMS-748285,presumably from hydrolysis of the folate conjugate,in 98M109 tumors were greater than those in M109 tumors after i.v.administration of BMS-753493(2–3-fold) whereas no differential uptake in the tumors following BMS-748285 administration.Those data were consistent with radioactivity determinations.Those results demonstrated that the folate conjugation in BMS-753493 enabled moderately preferential distribution of the active epothilone to FR overexpressing 98M109 tumors,thereby supporting targeted delivery of cytotoxics through the folate receptor.展开更多
This paper presents how the combustion performance of nano-sized aluminum(nAl)powder in carbon dioxide are affected by silica. The ignition and combustion performance of nAl powder with silica addition were studied by...This paper presents how the combustion performance of nano-sized aluminum(nAl)powder in carbon dioxide are affected by silica. The ignition and combustion performance of nAl powder with silica addition were studied by a high-temperature tube furnace. An s-type thermocouple and a high-speed motion acquisition instrument were performed to evaluate the ignition temperature, maximum combustion temperature, maximum change of rate of temperature, and combustion propagation speed. The combustion efficiency and combustion products were measured and analyzed by a gas-volumetric method and an X-ray diffraction. The results show that silica added into nAl powder can enhance its maximum combustion temperature and maximum change of rate of temperature, while its ignition temperature increases slightly. The nAl powders with addition of 6.00 wt.% and 12.00 wt.% silica present high combustion propagation speeds, especially for the latter, it has high combustion efficiency. The effect mechanism of silica on the combustion of nAl powder in carbon dioxide was discussed.展开更多
In the present work,the solidification behaviors and microhardness of directionally solidified AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1) eutectic highentropy alloy(EHEA)obtained at different growth velocities are investigated.The microstructu...In the present work,the solidification behaviors and microhardness of directionally solidified AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1) eutectic highentropy alloy(EHEA)obtained at different growth velocities are investigated.The microstructure of the as-cast AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1) EHEA is composed of bulky dendrites(NiAl phase)and lamellar eutectic structures,indicating that the actual composition of the alloy slightly deviates from the eutectic point.However,it is interesting to observe that the full lamellar structure of this alloy is obtained through directional solidification.In order to explain this phenomenon,the maximum interface temperature criterion and the interface response function(IRF)theory are applied to calculate the velocity range of the transition from the primary phase to the eutectic,which is 1.2–2×10^(4)μm/s.Furthermore,microhardness is one of the important parameters to measure the mechanical properties of materials.Therefore,the microhardness test is performed,and the test result indicates that the microhardness(HV)increased with increasing growth velocity(V)or decreased with increasing lamellar spacing(λ).The dependences ofλand HV on V are determined by using a linear regression analysis.The relationships between theλ,V and HV are given as:λ=11.62V^(-0.48),HV=305.5V 0.02 and HV=328.1λ^(0.04),respectively.The microhardness of the AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1) EHEA increases from 312.38 HV to 329.54 HV with the increase in growth velocity(5–200μm/s).Thus,directional solidification is an effective method to improve the mechanical properties of alloys.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?Both alveolar echinococcosis(AE)and cystic echinococcosis are endemic in China,among which alveolar echinococcosis has a very high mortality rate.What is added by this report?The...What is already known about this topic?Both alveolar echinococcosis(AE)and cystic echinococcosis are endemic in China,among which alveolar echinococcosis has a very high mortality rate.What is added by this report?The survey results showed the prevalence and scope of AE in China and identified high-risk groups including children,monks,herdsmen and illiterate people.At the same time,all the cases found in the survey(more than 90%of the patients did not go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment before survey)were promptly diagnosed and treated.What are the implications for public health practice?This study provides information for the development of a plan for AE prevention and control and for the implementation of interventions targeted to high-risk populations.展开更多
Background and purpose Previous studies have reported conflicting results as to whether women have poorer functional outcome than men after thrombolytic therapy.This study aims to investigate the relationship between ...Background and purpose Previous studies have reported conflicting results as to whether women have poorer functional outcome than men after thrombolytic therapy.This study aims to investigate the relationship between sex differences and the prognosis of intravenous thrombolysis in Chinese patients with acute ischaemic stroke.Methods The patients enrolled in this study were from the Chinese Acute Ischemic Stroke Thrombolysis Monitoring and Registration study.The primary outcome was poor functional outcome,defined as a 3-month modified Rankin score of 3-6.The safe outcome was symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage(SICH)and mortality within 7 days and 90 days.Multiple Cox regression model was used to correct the potential covariates to evaluate the association between sex disparities and prognosis.Furthermore,the interaction of preonset Rankin scores,baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)scores and Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment(TOAST)types was statistically analysed.results A total of 1440 patients were recruited,including 541 women and 899 men.The baseline information indicated that women were older at the time of onset(66.2±11.2 years vs 61.0±11.3 years,p<0.001),and more likely to have a history of atrial fibrillation(25.3%vs 11.2%,p<0.001),and had a higher NIHSS score on admission(12.3±6.8 vs 11.6±6.7,p=0.04).According to the prognosis analysis of unsatisfactory functional recovery,there was no significant difference between women and men(45.9%vs 37.1%;adjusted OR 1.01,95%CI 0.75 to 1.37).As for the safe outcome,the proportion of SICH and mortality in women is relatively high but did not reach statistical significance.There was no significant interaction with sex,age,preonset Rankin score,NIHSS score,TOAST classification and the prognosis of intravenous thrombolysis.Conclusions For Chinese patients with ischaemic stroke,although women are older and more severe at the time of onset,the prognosis after intravenous thrombolysis is not significantly different from men.展开更多
Previous studies have shown that DWARFIO (D10) is a rice ortholog of MAX41RMS1/DAD1, encoding a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase and functioning in strigolactones/strigolactone-derivatives (SL) biosynthesis. Here w...Previous studies have shown that DWARFIO (D10) is a rice ortholog of MAX41RMS1/DAD1, encoding a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase and functioning in strigolactones/strigolactone-derivatives (SL) biosynthesis. Here we use DIO. RNA interference (RNAi) transgenic plants similar to dlO mutant in phenotypes to investigate the interactions among DIO, auxin and cytokinin in regulating rice shoot branching. Auxin levels in node 1 of both decapitated DIO.RNAi and wild type plants decreased significantly, showing that decapitation does reduce endogenous auxin concentration, but decapitation has no clear effects on auxin levels in node 2 of the same plants. This implies that node 1 may be the location where a possible interaction between auxin and DIO gene would be detected. DIO expression in node 1 is inhibited by decapitation, and this inhibition can be restored by exogenous auxin application, indicating that DIO may play an important role in auxin regulation of SL. The decreased expression of most OsPINs in shoot nodes of DIO-RNAi plants may cause a reduced auxin transport capacity. Furthermore, effects of auxin treatment of decapitated plants on the expression of cytokinin biosynthetic genes suggest that DIO promotes cytokinin biosynthesis by reducing auxin levels. Besides, in DIO-RNAi plants, decreased storage cytokinin levels in the shoot node may partly account for the increased active cytokinin contents, resulting in more tillering phenotypes.展开更多
The present paper introduces a highly sensitive and selective method for simultaneous quantification of 12 cytokinins (free form and their conjugates). The method includes a protocol of extraction with methanol/wate...The present paper introduces a highly sensitive and selective method for simultaneous quantification of 12 cytokinins (free form and their conjugates). The method includes a protocol of extraction with methanol/water/formic acid (15/4/1, v/v/v) to the micro-scale samples, pre-purification with solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges of the extracts, separation with a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and detection by an electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (ESl-lon trap-MS) system in a consecutive ion monitoring (CRM) mode at the three stage fragmentation of mass spectrometry (MS3). The lowest detection level of the cytokinins of the method reaches 0.1-2.0 pg with a very wide range of linear regression from 1-512 pg, at the coefficient factors of 0.98-0.99. The feasibility of this method has been proven in the application of the method to the analysis of the trace-amount contents of cytokinins in the micro-scale samples of various types of plant materials, such as aerial parts of rice and poplar leaves etc. 12 endogenous cytokinins had been identified and quantified in the plant tissues, with an acceptable relatively higher recovery rate from 40% to 70%.展开更多
基金We thank Dr Ottoline Leyser (University of York, UK) for providing axrl-3 and Dr Mark Estelle (UC, San Diego, USA) for providing tirlafb2afb3 triple mutant seeds. This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30830009).
基金supported by the Department of Science and Technology of Fujian Province,China,under theproject No. 2002H009
文摘An improved method,suitable for collecting nitrate from surface waters in the watershed for 15 N isotope tracing analysis,was developed on the basis of the anion exchange coupled with diffusion through systematic simulation and comparison experiments.The results showed that the nitrate could be separated and enriched from the waters efficiently by using the improved method.Being simple and practical in operation principle and procedures,cost-economic,and highly efficient in nitrate separation/enrichment,the method met the requirements of δ 15 N mass spectrum analysis and would lay a foundation for the application of 15 N isotope tracing approach to the research on non-point source pollution in watershed.
基金We gratefully acknowledge support from the State Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41430963).
文摘In February 2019,a month-long persistent precipitation event occurred in the Yangtze–Huaihe River basin.The geopotential height field that affected the duration of this frontal rainfall was divided into a high-latitude part and a lowlatitude part for analysis.In the high-latitude part,a two-wave structure led to quasi-stationary circulation,and the change of both the blocking high pressure and Arctic Oscillation phase caused cold air to invade South China continuously and changed the frontal position.In mid-to-low latitudes,the persistent precipitation showed quasi-biweekly oscillation characteristics.The so-called“subtropical high–precipitation–anticyclone”(SHPA)feedback mechanism blocked the circulation systems in the mid-to-low latitudes and provided a continuous supply of water vapor for precipitation.As for the effect of sea surface temperature,the western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone stimulated by El Niño strengthened the intensity of the southerly wind and provided support for the redevelopment of the anticyclone system in the SHPA feedback mechanism.The sea surface temperature anomaly in the South China Sea provided sensible heating for precipitation,and convergent rising airflow was conducive to the occurrence of precipitation.Additionally,the SHPA mechanism provides a reliable basis for the prediction of persistent precipitation in winter in the mid-to-low latitudes.
基金supported by the following grants:The National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.81825007)Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program(no.BJJWZYJH01201910025030)+4 种基金Youth Beijing Scholar Program(no.010)Beijing Talent Project-Class A:Innovation and Development(no.2018A12)'National Ten-Thousand Talent Plan'-Leadership of Scientific and Technological InnovationNational Key R&D Program of China(no.2017YFC1307900,2017YFC1307905)Grand Pharmaceutical Group Co has been providing tirofiban and its placebo free of cost and without any limitations.
文摘Background Perforating artery territorial infarction(PAI)caused by branch atheromatous disease(BAD)is prone to recurrence and early progression without an effective and well-documented antiplatelet treatment regimen.Tirofiban,an adjunctive antiplatelet agent,has shown great potential to treat acute ischaemic stroke.However,whether the combination of tirofiban and aspirin can improve the prognosis of PAI remains unclear.Aim To explore an effective and safe antiplatelet regimen for reducing the risk of recurrence and early neurological deterioration(END)in PAI caused by BAD by comparing the tirofiban and aspirin combination with placebo and aspirin combination.Methods Tirofiban combined with Aspirin in the Treatment of Acute Penetrating Artery Territory Infarction(STRATEGY)trial is an ongoing multicentre,randomised,placebo-controlled trial in China.Eligible patients shall be randomly assigned to receive standard aspirin with tirofiban or placebo on the first day and standard aspirin from days 2 to 90.The primary endpoint is a new stroke or END within 90 days.The primary safety endpoint is severe or moderate bleeding within 90 days.Discussion The STRATEGY trial will assess whether tirofiban combined with aspirin is effective and safe in preventing recurrence and END in patients with PAI.Trial registration number NCT05310968.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81971091 and 81901177)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7182049)+1 种基金Beijing Hospitals Authority Youth Programme(Nos.QML20190501 and QML20200501)and the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program from China Association for Science and Technology(No.2019QNRC001).
文摘To the Editor:Mineral supplements are usually regarded as compounds crucial to promoting overall health status and longevity.Systemic mineral status has been demonstrated to be associated with life expectancy in many observational studies,while the causal effects of mineral status on life expectancy have not yet been systematically elucidated.In this study,we investigated the causal effects of six minerals(calcium,magnesium,iron,copper,zinc,and selenium)on life expectancy with large-scale genomewide association study(GWAS)summary data using twosample Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis.
基金The study was supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC1307900,2017YFC1307905)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81825007)+3 种基金Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program(No.BJJWZYJH01201910025030)Youth Beijing Scholar Program(No.010)Beijing Talent Project-Class A:Innovation and Development(No.2018A12)'National Ten-Thousand Talent Plan'-Leadership of Scientific and Technological Innovation,Sanofi,and Beijing Jialin Pharmaceutical Co.LTD.
文摘Background It remains unclear if intensive antiplatelet and statin treatments begun within 24-72 hours of cerebral ischaemic events from intracranial or extracranial atherosclerosis is effective or safe.Methods The Intensive Statin and Antiplatelet Therapy for High-risk Intracranial or Extracranial Atherosclerosis(INSPIRES)trial is a randomised,double-blind,placebo-controlled,multicentre and 2×2 factorial trial.6100 individuals between the ages of 35 and 80 who have experienced a mild ischaemic stroke or high-risk transient ischaemic attack(TIA)within the previous 72 hours that is attributed to≥50%atherosclerotic stenosis of a major intracranial or extracranial artery or multiple infarctions of atherosclerotic origin will be enrolled in the trial.Eligible subjects will be randomised 1:1:1:1 to one of four groups:(1)intensive antiplatelet therapy(combined clopidogrel and aspirin for days 1-21,then aspirin placebo and clopidogrel for days 22-90)plus immediate intensive statin therapy(atorvastatin at a dose of 80 mg daily for the first 21 days,then 40 mg daily for days 22-90);(2)intensive antiplatelet therapy plus delayed intensive statin therapy(atorvastatin placebo for days 1-3,followed by 40 mg per day of atorvastatin for days 4-90);(3)standard antiplatelet therapy(combination of clopidogrel placebo with aspirin for 90 days)plus immediate intensive statin therapy and(4)standard antiplatelet therapy plus delayed intensive statin therapy.The primary efficacy endpoint is any new stroke(ischaemic or haemorrhagic)within 90 days after randomisation.The primary safety endpoint is moderate to severe bleeding at 90 days.Conclusion The INSPIRES trial will assess the efficacy and safety of intensive antiplatelet therapy and immediate intensive statin therapy begun within 72 hours of onset in decreasing the recurrent stroke at 90 days in patients with acute mild ischaemic stroke or high-risk TIA of intracranial or extracranial atherosclerosis origin.
文摘Aim Stroke is the leading cause of disability and death in China.Ischaemic stroke accounts for about 60%-80%of all strokes.It is of considerable significance to carry out multidimensional management of ischaemic cerebrovascular diseases.This evidence-based guideline aims to provide the latest detailed and comprehensive recommendations on the diagnosis,treatment and secondary prevention of ischaemic cerebrovascular diseases.Methods We had performed comprehensive searches of MEDLINE(via PubMed)(before 30 June 2019),and integrated the relevant information into charts and distributed to the writing group.Writing group members discussed and determined the recommendations through teleconference.We used the level of evidence grading algorithm of Chinese Stroke Association to grade each recommendation.The draft was reviewed by the Guideline Writing Committee of Chinese Stroke Association Stroke and finalised.This guideline is fully updated every 3 years.results This evidence-based guideline is based on the treatment,care and prevention of ischaemic cerebrovascular diseases,which emphasises on pathogenesis evaluation,intravenous thrombolysis,endovascular therapy,antiplatelet therapy,prevention and treatment of complications,and risk factor management.Conclusions This updated guideline presents a framework for the management of ischaemic cerebrovascular diseases.Timely first-aid measures,professional care in the acute stage,and proactive secondary prevention will be helpful to patients.
基金grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81971091 and 81901177)Beijing Hospitals Authority Youth Programme(QML20190501)+4 种基金Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2016YFC0901002,2016YFC0901001,2017YFC1310901,2017YFC1310902,2017YFC1307905,2018YFC1311700 and 2018YFC1311706)Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals(SML20150502)Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(D171100003017002 and D151100002015003)National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX09304018)Beijing Tiantan Hospital(2018-YQN-1).
文摘Background and purpose Transient ischaemic attack(TIA),transient symptoms with infarction(TSI)and diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)-negative acute ischaemic stroke(AIS)share similar aetiologies but are considered to have a rather benign prognosis.We intended to investigate the association between intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis(ICAS),extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis(ECAS)and the prognosis of patients with TIA,TSI and DWI-negative AIS.Methods Clinical and imaging data of eligible participants were derived from the Chinese Intracranial Atherosclerosis study,according to symptom duration,acute infarction on DWI and discharge diagnosis.Based on the severity and location of arterial atherosclerosis,we categorised the study population into four groups:no or<50% ICAS and no ECAS;≥50% ICAS but no ECAS;no or<50%ICAS with ECAS;and concurrent≥50% ICAS and ECAS.Using multivariable Cox regression models,we analysed the relationship between the severity and distribution of large artery atherosclerosis and the prognosis of TIA,TSI and DWI-negative AIS.Results A total of 806 patients were included,67.3% of whom were male.The median age of the study participants was 63 years.Patients in the concurrent≥50% ICAS and ECAS subgroup had both a significantly higher 1-year recurrence rate(adjusted HR 3.4(95%CI 1.15 to 10.04),p=0.027)and a higher risk of composite vascular events(adjusted HR 3.82(95%CI 1.50 to 9.72),p=0.005).Conclusions Concurrent ICAS and ECAS is associated with a higher possibility of 1-year recurrent stroke or composite vascular events.Large artery evaluation is necessary to assess patients with transient ischaemic symptoms or DWI-negative AIS.Progress in shortening the time interval between symptom onset and large vessel evaluation is needed.
文摘To assess targeting of an epothilone folate conjugate(BMS-753493) to the folate receptor(FR)-overexpressed tumor in mice bearing both FRt and FR– tumors,a series of experiments were conducted by quantitative whole-body autoradiography(QWBA) and LC–MS/MS following i.v.administration of BMS-753493 or its active moiety,BMS-748285 in mice bearing FRt(98M109) and FR–(M109) tumors.QWBA showed [3H]BMS-753493–derived radioactivity was extensively distributed to various tissues.The FR over-expressing 98M109 tumors showed consistently higher level of radioactivity than FR-negative tumors(i.e.,M109 tumors) up to 48 h post dose of [3H]BMS-753493,despite the magnitude of difference between the tumors is relatively small(generally 3 5-fold).The radioactivity level in 98M109 tumors was 2 12-fold of normal tissues except intestine/content at 48 h post dose.No selective radioactivity uptake into 98M109 tumors over M109 or normal tissues was observed after i.v.administration of the active epothilone,[3H]BMS-748285.LC–MS/MS measurements demonstrated that the concentrations of BMS-748285,presumably from hydrolysis of the folate conjugate,in 98M109 tumors were greater than those in M109 tumors after i.v.administration of BMS-753493(2–3-fold) whereas no differential uptake in the tumors following BMS-748285 administration.Those data were consistent with radioactivity determinations.Those results demonstrated that the folate conjugation in BMS-753493 enabled moderately preferential distribution of the active epothilone to FR overexpressing 98M109 tumors,thereby supporting targeted delivery of cytotoxics through the folate receptor.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52176099,51376007 and 51806001)the Project of Jiangsu Provincial Six Talent Peak,China(No.JNHB-097)。
文摘This paper presents how the combustion performance of nano-sized aluminum(nAl)powder in carbon dioxide are affected by silica. The ignition and combustion performance of nAl powder with silica addition were studied by a high-temperature tube furnace. An s-type thermocouple and a high-speed motion acquisition instrument were performed to evaluate the ignition temperature, maximum combustion temperature, maximum change of rate of temperature, and combustion propagation speed. The combustion efficiency and combustion products were measured and analyzed by a gas-volumetric method and an X-ray diffraction. The results show that silica added into nAl powder can enhance its maximum combustion temperature and maximum change of rate of temperature, while its ignition temperature increases slightly. The nAl powders with addition of 6.00 wt.% and 12.00 wt.% silica present high combustion propagation speeds, especially for the latter, it has high combustion efficiency. The effect mechanism of silica on the combustion of nAl powder in carbon dioxide was discussed.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51871118)the Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses of the Central University and Open Project of Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University(Grant No.LZUMMM2021005)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Lanzhou City(Grant No.2019-1-30)the State Key Laboratory of Special Rare Metal Materials(Grant No.SKL2020K003)。
文摘In the present work,the solidification behaviors and microhardness of directionally solidified AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1) eutectic highentropy alloy(EHEA)obtained at different growth velocities are investigated.The microstructure of the as-cast AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1) EHEA is composed of bulky dendrites(NiAl phase)and lamellar eutectic structures,indicating that the actual composition of the alloy slightly deviates from the eutectic point.However,it is interesting to observe that the full lamellar structure of this alloy is obtained through directional solidification.In order to explain this phenomenon,the maximum interface temperature criterion and the interface response function(IRF)theory are applied to calculate the velocity range of the transition from the primary phase to the eutectic,which is 1.2–2×10^(4)μm/s.Furthermore,microhardness is one of the important parameters to measure the mechanical properties of materials.Therefore,the microhardness test is performed,and the test result indicates that the microhardness(HV)increased with increasing growth velocity(V)or decreased with increasing lamellar spacing(λ).The dependences ofλand HV on V are determined by using a linear regression analysis.The relationships between theλ,V and HV are given as:λ=11.62V^(-0.48),HV=305.5V 0.02 and HV=328.1λ^(0.04),respectively.The microhardness of the AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1) EHEA increases from 312.38 HV to 329.54 HV with the increase in growth velocity(5–200μm/s).Thus,directional solidification is an effective method to improve the mechanical properties of alloys.
文摘What is already known about this topic?Both alveolar echinococcosis(AE)and cystic echinococcosis are endemic in China,among which alveolar echinococcosis has a very high mortality rate.What is added by this report?The survey results showed the prevalence and scope of AE in China and identified high-risk groups including children,monks,herdsmen and illiterate people.At the same time,all the cases found in the survey(more than 90%of the patients did not go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment before survey)were promptly diagnosed and treated.What are the implications for public health practice?This study provides information for the development of a plan for AE prevention and control and for the implementation of interventions targeted to high-risk populations.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81901177,81971091)Beijing Hospitals Authority Youth Programme(QML20190501)+5 种基金Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2016YFC0901002,2016YFC0901001,2017YFC1310901,2017YFC1310902,2017YFC1307905,2018YFC1312903,2018YFC1311700 and 2018YFC1311706)Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals(SML20150502)Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(D171100003017002,D151100002015003)National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX09304018)Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Capital Medical University(2018-YQN-1,2020MP01)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program(2020QNRC001).
文摘Background and purpose Previous studies have reported conflicting results as to whether women have poorer functional outcome than men after thrombolytic therapy.This study aims to investigate the relationship between sex differences and the prognosis of intravenous thrombolysis in Chinese patients with acute ischaemic stroke.Methods The patients enrolled in this study were from the Chinese Acute Ischemic Stroke Thrombolysis Monitoring and Registration study.The primary outcome was poor functional outcome,defined as a 3-month modified Rankin score of 3-6.The safe outcome was symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage(SICH)and mortality within 7 days and 90 days.Multiple Cox regression model was used to correct the potential covariates to evaluate the association between sex disparities and prognosis.Furthermore,the interaction of preonset Rankin scores,baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)scores and Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment(TOAST)types was statistically analysed.results A total of 1440 patients were recruited,including 541 women and 899 men.The baseline information indicated that women were older at the time of onset(66.2±11.2 years vs 61.0±11.3 years,p<0.001),and more likely to have a history of atrial fibrillation(25.3%vs 11.2%,p<0.001),and had a higher NIHSS score on admission(12.3±6.8 vs 11.6±6.7,p=0.04).According to the prognosis analysis of unsatisfactory functional recovery,there was no significant difference between women and men(45.9%vs 37.1%;adjusted OR 1.01,95%CI 0.75 to 1.37).As for the safe outcome,the proportion of SICH and mortality in women is relatively high but did not reach statistical significance.There was no significant interaction with sex,age,preonset Rankin score,NIHSS score,TOAST classification and the prognosis of intravenous thrombolysis.Conclusions For Chinese patients with ischaemic stroke,although women are older and more severe at the time of onset,the prognosis after intravenous thrombolysis is not significantly different from men.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30623011)
文摘Previous studies have shown that DWARFIO (D10) is a rice ortholog of MAX41RMS1/DAD1, encoding a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase and functioning in strigolactones/strigolactone-derivatives (SL) biosynthesis. Here we use DIO. RNA interference (RNAi) transgenic plants similar to dlO mutant in phenotypes to investigate the interactions among DIO, auxin and cytokinin in regulating rice shoot branching. Auxin levels in node 1 of both decapitated DIO.RNAi and wild type plants decreased significantly, showing that decapitation does reduce endogenous auxin concentration, but decapitation has no clear effects on auxin levels in node 2 of the same plants. This implies that node 1 may be the location where a possible interaction between auxin and DIO gene would be detected. DIO expression in node 1 is inhibited by decapitation, and this inhibition can be restored by exogenous auxin application, indicating that DIO may play an important role in auxin regulation of SL. The decreased expression of most OsPINs in shoot nodes of DIO-RNAi plants may cause a reduced auxin transport capacity. Furthermore, effects of auxin treatment of decapitated plants on the expression of cytokinin biosynthetic genes suggest that DIO promotes cytokinin biosynthesis by reducing auxin levels. Besides, in DIO-RNAi plants, decreased storage cytokinin levels in the shoot node may partly account for the increased active cytokinin contents, resulting in more tillering phenotypes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30630053) to Dr Xiangning Jiang and well-advised and directed by Dr Jiayang Li
文摘The present paper introduces a highly sensitive and selective method for simultaneous quantification of 12 cytokinins (free form and their conjugates). The method includes a protocol of extraction with methanol/water/formic acid (15/4/1, v/v/v) to the micro-scale samples, pre-purification with solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges of the extracts, separation with a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and detection by an electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (ESl-lon trap-MS) system in a consecutive ion monitoring (CRM) mode at the three stage fragmentation of mass spectrometry (MS3). The lowest detection level of the cytokinins of the method reaches 0.1-2.0 pg with a very wide range of linear regression from 1-512 pg, at the coefficient factors of 0.98-0.99. The feasibility of this method has been proven in the application of the method to the analysis of the trace-amount contents of cytokinins in the micro-scale samples of various types of plant materials, such as aerial parts of rice and poplar leaves etc. 12 endogenous cytokinins had been identified and quantified in the plant tissues, with an acceptable relatively higher recovery rate from 40% to 70%.