Microstructural evolution and energetic characteristics of TiZrHfTa_(0.7)W_(0.3)high-entropy alloy under high strain rates and its application in high-velocity penetration

Energetic structural materials(ESMs)integrated a high energy density and rapid energy release with the ability to serve as structural materials.Here,a novel triple-phase TiZrHfTa_(0.7)W_(0.3)high-entropy alloy(HEA)was fabricated and investigated as a potential ESM.A hierarchical microstructure was obtained with a main metastable body-centered-cubic(BCC)matrix with distributed Ta-W-rich BCC precipitates of various sizes and interwoven hexagonal close-packed(HCP)lamellar nano-plates.The compressive me-chanical properties were tested across a range of strain rates and demonstrated a brittle-to-ductile tran-sition as the strain rate increased while maintaining a high ultimate strength of approximately 2.5 GPa.This was due to the phase transformation from metastable matrix BCC to HCP structures.In addition,during the dynamic deformation,metal combustion originating from the failure surface was observed.Furthermore,the composition of the fragments was studied,and the results indicated that the addition of tungsten promoted combustion.Finally,the potential application of this HEA was evaluated by high-velocity penetration tests,and the results were compared to other typical structural materials for pene-trators and bullets.A comparison was conducted by assessing the geometries of the penetration channel employing two dimensionless parameters normalized by the projectile size,representing longitudinal and lateral damage,respectively.The normalized depth of the TiZrHfTa_(0.7)W_(0.3)HEA projectile was comparable to those of the other investigated materials,but the normalized diameter was the largest,showing an excellent ability to deliver lateral damage.

Identifying a melanogenesis-related candidate gene by a high-quality genome assembly and population diversity analysis in Hypsizygus marmoreus

Hypsizygus marmoreus is one of the most important edible fungi in Basidiomycete division and includes white and gray strains.However,very limited knowledge is known about the genomic structures and the genetic basis for the white/gray diversity of this mushroom.Here,we report the near-complete high-quality H.marmoreus genome at the chromosomal level.Comparative genomics analysis indicates that chromosome structures were relatively conserved,and variations in collinearity and chromosome number were mainly attributed by chromosome split/fusion events in Aragicales,whereas the fungi genome experienced many genomic chromosome fracture,fusion,and genomic replication events after the split of Aragicales from Basidiomycetes.Resequencing of 57 strains allows us to classify the population into four major groups and associate genetic variations with morphological features,indicating that white strains were not originated independently.We further generated genetic populations and identified a cytochrome P450 as the candidate causal gene for the melanogenesis in H.marmoreus based on bulked segregant analysis (BSA)and comparative transcriptome analysis.The high-quality H.marmoreus genome and diversity data compiled in this study provide new knowledge and resources for the molecular breeding of H.marmoreus as well as the evolution of Basidiomycete.