2-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid,an ascorbic acid derivative isolated from the fruits of Lycium barbarum L.,ameliorates high fructose-induced neuroinflammation in mice:involvement of gut microbiota and leaky gut

Western diet(rich in highly refined sugar and fat)can induce a range of metabolic dysfunctions in animals and humans,including neuroinflammation and cognitive function decline.Neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment,two critical pathological characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease,have been closely associated with microbial alteration via the gut-brain axis.Thus,the present study aimed to investigate the influence of 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid(AA-2βG)isolated from the fruits of Lycium barbarum on preventing the high-fructose diet(HFrD)induced neuroinflammation in mice.It was found that AA-2βG prevented HFr D-induced cognitive deficits.AA-2βG also predominantly enhanced the gut barrier integrity,decreased lipopolysaccharide entry into the circulation,which subsequently countered the activation of glial cells and neuroinflammatory response.These beneficial effects were transmissible by horizontal fecal microbiome transplantation,transferring from AA-2βG fed mice to HFr D fed mice.Additionally,AA-2βG exerted neuroprotective effects involving the enrichment of Lactobacillus and Akkermansia,potentially beneficial intestinal bacteria.The present study provided the evidence that AA-2βG could improve indices of cognition and neuroinflammmation via modulating gut dybiosis and preventing leaky gut.As a potential functional food ingredient,AA-2βG may be applied to attenuate neuroinflammation associated with Western-style diets.

Theasinensin A attenuated diabetic development by restoring glucose homeostasis, improving hepatic steatosis and modulating gut microbiota in high-fat-diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

Theasinensin A(TSA),a dimer of epigallocatechin gallate,has been preliminarily demonstrated to have hypoglycemia and anti-inflammatory effects.However,little information is available on its potential mechanisms of anti-diabetes.Therefore,the present study aimed to investigate the influence of TSA on glucose and lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat-diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.As result,TSA improved polydipsia,polyphagia and impaired glucose tolerance of diabetic mice,declined the fasting blood glucose and hepatic triglyceride level,and enhanced the expression at mRNA level of insulin receptor substrate,phosphoinositide 3-kinase,protein kinase B and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor(GLP-1R)in the diabetic liver.Moreover,TSA could restore the disorder of gut microbiota of diabetic mice.High-dose(100 mg/kg)TSA showed better benefi cial effects from the blood biochemical parameters,hepatic function and gut microbiota.In general,high-dose TSA significantly modulated gut microbiota by increasing the relative abundance of Akkermansia and decreasing the relative abundances of Acetatifactor,Anaerotruncus,Pseudofl avonifactor,Oscillibacter and Clostridium clusters.The results indicated that TSA could exert an anti-diabetes effect in diabetic mice through restoring glucose homeostasis,declining hepatic steatosis,activating insulin and GLP-1 signaling pathways,and ameliorating gut microbiota dysbiosis.

Fermentation characteristics and probiotic activity of a purified fraction of polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea

Polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea(FBTPS),one of most important bioactive components in tea,showed various health-promoting functions.Our previous work demonstrated that the crude FBTPS(CFBTPS)could modulate the gut microbiota.However,which purified fraction in CFBTPS contributing to the modulation of gut microbiota remains unclear.Thus,the fermentation characteristics and probiotic activity of a purified fraction(FBTPS-2-1)of CFBTPS were evaluated in this work.The results showed that gut microbiota could utilize FBTPS-2-1 to produce short-chain fatty acids including acetic,propionic,n-butyric and n-valeric acids.FBTPS-2-1 could modulate the structure and metabolic pathways of gut microbiota.FBTPS-2-1 could increase the health-promoting gut microbiota such as Prevotellaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae,and decreased the harmful bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae and Fusobacteriaceae.The results of metagenomics showed that Prevotella copri and Megamonas funiformis were the dominant bacteria after fermentation of FBTPS-2-1.Furthermore,FBTPS-2-1 could regulate the biosynthesis and metabolism pathways of gut microbiota.Thus,the enrichment of food with FBTPS-2-1 is expected as a potential strategy for promoting human health due to modulation of gut microbiota.

北京市大型真菌物种多样性调查与资源评价

大型真菌作为生态系统的主要组成部分,具有重要的生态功能与经济价值。本研究于2020–2022年采用样线法和随机踏查法对北京市大型真菌资源进行调查,共采集标本5,448份。通过形态学与分子生物学方法鉴定物种608种,进一步结合相关文献资料确定北京市大型真菌共619种,隶属于2门6纲22目93科277属,其中担子菌门595种,子囊菌门24种,中国新记录种5种,北京新记录种120种。基于以上物种名录开展物种组成和区系地理分析以及资源评价,结果表明:含10种以上的优势科共19科,占总物种数的59.61%,主要有:蘑菇科、多孔菌科、小脆柄菇科、红菇科、口蘑科等;含5种以上的优势属有33属,占总物种数的38.13%,主要有:丝膜菌属(Cortinarius)、裸脚伞属(Gymnopus)、丝盖伞属(Inocybe)、白环蘑属(Leucoagaricus)、红菇属(Russula)等。北京市大型真菌以世界广布属(61.37%)和北温带分布属(31.05%)为主,其次是泛热带分布属(5.42%)。北京市共有食用菌71种、药用菌43种、有毒菌22种、食药兼用菌45种。本研究结果为北京市大型真菌的物种多样性保护以及资源利用提供了科学依据。

Surgical treatment of ovarian cancer liver metastasis

In addition to hepatocellular carcinoma,metastatic liver cancer(MLC)is another focus of hepatic surgeon.Good outcome of patients with liver metastasis(LM)from colorectal cancer or neuroendocrine tumor have been achieved.Ovarian cancer liver metastasis(OCLM)has its unique oncological characteristics and a variety of metastasis patterns,which brings a challenge to hepatic surgeon.Hepatic surgeons hold different views and techniques from gynecologists,which makes differences in the evaluation and treatment of the disease.We reviewed recent studies and,in combination with our own clinical experience,attempted to introduce the progress of surgical treatment of liver metastases from OC.In our experience,both preoperative imaging and surgical procedures are based on the assurance of R0 resection.R0 cytoreductive surgery(CRS)is the most favorable determinant for the prognosis of OC patients,and R0 liver resection(LR)is a component of R0 CRS.Gynecologists and hepatic surgeons should do their own preoperative and intraoperative evaluation for the extrahepatic and intrahepatic metastasis respectively.During the operation,regardless of the miliary nodules dissemination between the right hemidiaphragm and liver capsule,liver parenchymal infiltration(LPI)or liver parenchymal metastasis(LPM),1–2 cm resection margin should be emphasized.For patients with liver portal lymph node metastasis(LPLNM),hepatic portal skeletonization should be performed,rather than portal lymph node dissection.The operation should be as radical as possible to ensure the patients to achieve good prognosis.